history باقي \ lumbar

Which one of the following is an indication of serious spinal pathology?

Mild backache

Intermittent pain

Constant, progressive, nonmechanical pain (correct)

Muscle strain

Which age range is considered a red flag in the presentation of spinal pathology?

20-30 years

>55 years (correct)

<10 years

40-50 years

Which of the following is a red flag for cauda equina syndrome?

Lumbar flexion restriction

Weight loss

Widespread neurological abnormalities (correct)

Previous history of immune system failure

Which condition is associated with inflammatory disorders like ankylosing spondylitis?

Fibromyalgia Signup and view all the answers

Which type of trauma is considered a red flag for spinal pathology?

Fall from a height Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a red flag for serious spinal pathology?

Mild back pain Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a red flag for serious spinal pathology?

Persisting severe restriction of lumbar flexion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of serious spinal pathology?

Loss of bowel and bladder control Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential cause of low back pain other than musculoskeletal problems?

Kidney stones Signup and view all the answers

What are some yellow-flag barriers to recovery for low back pain?

Belief that pain and activity are harmful Signup and view all the answers

Which body type is characterized by a heavy (fat) body build?

Endomorphic Signup and view all the answers

What should the examiner pay particular attention to during the observation of the patient's total spinal posture?

Neutral pelvis position Signup and view all the answers

What are the three questions to consider when looking for a neutral pelvis and whether it can be stabilized?

Can the patient achieve the neutral pelvis position? Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of observing the patient's gait?

To assess spine problems Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles function to stabilize the lower spine, pelvis, and hips along with proprioceptive feedback from mechanoreceptors?

Gluteus maximus and hamstrings Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of anterior pelvic tilt on x-ray?

10° to 13° Signup and view all the answers

What does excessive midline hair indicate?

Occult spinal dysraphism Signup and view all the answers

What does a lateral shift indicate?

Muscle spasm Signup and view all the answers

What should the position of the patellae be?

Pointing straight ahead Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal position of the ASISs in relation to the PSISs?

ASISs are slightly lower Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the side lying hip abduction test?

To assess movement control and muscle strength Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are weak and long in the lumbar or pelvic crossed syndrome?

Abdominals and gluteus maximus Signup and view all the answers

What can occur with L1 or S1 root palsies?

Wasting of the calves, hamstrings, and/or buttocks Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of muscle imbalance on the ability to hold and maintain a neutral pelvis in the lumbar or pelvic crossed syndrome?

Forward pelvic tilt and hip flexion contracture Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a tuft of hair that may indicate a dysraphism?

Faun's beard Signup and view all the answers

What may café-au-lait spots indicate?

Neurofibromatosis or collagen disease Signup and view all the answers

What does a step deformity in the lumbar spine indicate?

Spondylolisthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition where the spinous process of one vertebra becomes prominent when either the vertebra above or the affected vertebra slips forward on the one below?

Spondylolisthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the difference in functional length between two limbs?

Functional limb length difference Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition where the foot is turned inward?

Pronation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a red flag for cauda equina syndrome?

Constant, progressive, nonmechanical pain Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an indication of serious spinal pathology?

Presentation age <20 years Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with inflammatory disorders like ankylosing spondylitis?

Widespread neurological disorder Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of low back pain other than musculoskeletal problems?

Systematically unwell Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the difference in functional length between two limbs?

Leg length discrepancy Signup and view all the answers

What are some yellow-flag barriers to recovery for low back pain?

Fear of movement or activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of observing the patient's gait?

To evaluate leg length discrepancy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a red flag for serious spinal pathology?

Difficulty with micturition Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a tuft of hair that may indicate a dysraphism?

Midline hair Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles function to stabilize the lower spine, pelvis, and hips along with proprioceptive feedback from mechanoreceptors?

Gluteal muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of muscle imbalance on the ability to hold and maintain a neutral pelvis in the lumbar or pelvic crossed syndrome?

Decreased stability Signup and view all the answers

What are some yellow-flag barriers to recovery for low back pain?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is an indication of serious spinal pathology?

History of osteoporosis Signup and view all the answers

During the side lying hip abduction test, what does it indicate if the leg wobbles, the pelvis tips, the shoulders or trunk rotate, the hip flexes, or the abducted limb rotates medially or laterally?

Lack of muscle strength and balance Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are weak and long in the lumbar or pelvic crossed syndrome?

Abdominal muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of observing the patient's gait?

To assess the stability of the pelvis Signup and view all the answers

What should be the position of the head in relation to the shoulders and the arbitrary high point of the iliac crest?

Straight on the shoulders Signup and view all the answers

What does a lateral shift in the patient's posture indicate?

Mechanical dysfunction and muscle spasm Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of excessive midline hair indicate?

Occult spinal dysraphism Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of anterior pelvic tilt on x-ray?

10° to 13° Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of muscle imbalance on the ability to hold and maintain a neutral pelvis in the lumbar or pelvic crossed syndrome?

Decreased ability to stabilize the pelvis Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle imbalance pattern is described in the text that leads to low back pain?

Weak gluteus maximus and tight hip flexors Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition where the Achilles tendons and heels appear to be straight?

Pronation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition where the gluteal folds and knee joints are level?

Anterior rotation Signup and view all the answers

What may be indicated by marked wasting of the calves, hamstrings, and/or buttocks?

L1 or S1 root palsies Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition where there is any protrusion of the ribs?

Kyphosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition where there is a step deformity in the lumbar spine?

Spondylolisthesis Signup and view all the answers

What may be indicated by the presence of café-au-lait spots?

Neurofibromatosis or collagen disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition where there is a functional limb length difference?

Functional shortening Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition where the foot is turned outward?

Supination Signup and view all the answers

Which age range is considered a red flag in the presentation of spinal pathology?

<20 years Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of low back pain other than musculoskeletal problems?

Inflammatory disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a tuft of hair that may indicate a dysraphism?

Hypertrichosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition where there is a functional limb length difference?

Leg length discrepancy Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of muscle imbalance on the ability to hold and maintain a neutral pelvis in the lumbar or pelvic crossed syndrome?

Decreased ability Signup and view all the answers

During the side lying hip abduction test, what does it indicate if the leg wobbles, the pelvis tips, the shoulders or trunk rotate, the hip flexes, or the abducted limb rotates medially or laterally?

Muscle imbalance Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is an indication of serious spinal pathology?

Constant, progressive, nonmechanical pain Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential cause of low back pain other than musculoskeletal problems?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a tuft of hair that may indicate a dysraphism?

Midline hair Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles function to stabilize the lower spine, pelvis, and hips along with proprioceptive feedback from mechanoreceptors?

Abdominal muscles Signup and view all the answers

What should be the position of the head in relation to the shoulders and the arbitrary high point of the iliac crest?

Aligned with the shoulders Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of anterior pelvic tilt on x-ray?

0-10 degrees Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of muscle imbalance on the ability to hold and maintain a neutral pelvis in the lumbar or pelvic crossed syndrome?

Decreased ability to hold a neutral pelvis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of observing the patient's gait?

To assess movement patterns and potential abnormalities Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the active hip abduction test during side lying position?

To assess the strength and control of the muscles originating from the pelvis Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a lateral shift observed during examination?

It suggests lack of movement control and muscle strength Signup and view all the answers

What does the difference in height between the arbitrary 'high' points on both iliac crests indicate?

It is a sign of unequal leg length Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal position of the ASISs in relation to the PSISs?

They should be level Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the gluteus maximus and hamstrings in relation to the pelvis?

To produce posterior pelvic tilt Signup and view all the answers

What does excessive midline hair in the spine indicate?

It may be a sign of occult spinal dysraphism Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of anterior pelvic tilt on x-ray?

10° to 13° Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are weak and long in the lumbar or pelvic crossed syndrome?

Abdominals and gluteus maximus Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of muscle imbalance on the ability to hold and maintain a neutral pelvis in the lumbar or pelvic crossed syndrome?

Increased lumbar lordosis Signup and view all the answers

What may be indicated by marked wasting of the calves, hamstrings, and/or buttocks?

L1 or S1 root palsies Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a tuft of hair that may indicate a dysraphism?

Faun's beard Signup and view all the answers

What may café-au-lait spots indicate?

Neurofibromatosis or collagen disease Signup and view all the answers