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Questions and Answers
What term refers to the late 1800s and describes the tremendous increase in wealth caused by the industrial age?
Who was the head of Tammany Hall?
Boss Tweed
Who was a prominent feminist writer advocating for women's economic independence?
Charlotte Perkins
What philosophical movement is William James associated with?
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What term describes cities where people lived far from work and commuted via streetcars?
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What innovative buildings utilized steel frames and Otis elevators?
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What is the role of a Party Boss?
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Who wrote 'The Financier' and 'The Titan'?
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What movement did Daniel Burnham contribute to in the United States?
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What social trend involved people moving to cities to work in factories?
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Who was responsible for the formation of the American Federation of Labor?
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Which Democratic candidate ran for president promoting 'free silver'?
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What party was formed in 1892 to appeal to workers and promote democratic reforms?
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What is the name of an extensive heavily populated area containing multiple urban centers?
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Who was a famous newspaper publisher known for sensational reporting?
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Who was the poet known for her isolated yet gifted writing?
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What was Kate Chopin known for writing?
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Who was the 19th-century crusader for sexual purity?
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What was significant about the book 'The Bostonians' by Henry James?
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Who was an advocate for black social and economic equality?
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What architectural style is Henry H. Richardson known for?
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What artist is known for his portrait of his mother?
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Which American painter was known for portraying women and children?
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What did Thomas Eakins emphasize in his paintings?
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What term describes industrialists who profited from low wages?
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Who was Booker T. Washington?
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What influential socialistic novel did Edward Bellamy write?
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Who authored 'The Gilded Age' and several other important works?
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What department stores attracted urban middle-class shoppers?
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What is the 'Social Gospel'?
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What event was held in 1893 to honor Columbus's first voyage?
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What transportation innovation allowed the middle class to commute?
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What political entities controlled urban governments and were often corrupt?
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What organization led by Frances Willard opposed alcohol?
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Who was Louis Sullivan in the context of architecture?
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What nickname was given to Carry S. Nation?
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Who is known for designing urban parks, including Central Park?
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What theory did Charles Darwin propose?
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What significant medical observation did Oliver Wendell Holmes make?
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What did the Morrill Act of 1862 provide?
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What describes those who rejected Darwin's theories?
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Who was the influential leader of sensational journalism?
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Who was the philosopher and educator associated with Pragmatism?
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What author wrote about the darker aspects of urban life in America?
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What writer was known for nature writing and works like 'Call of the Wild'?
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What law made it illegal to send obscene material through the mail?
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Who was Victoria Woodhull?
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Who was a journalist and teacher advocating for anti-lynching?
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What type of entertainment involved jokes and acrobats?
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Who was the American painter known for flattering portraits of British nobility?
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Who was known as America's leading landscapist?
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Which painter was known for his works addressing the sea?
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Who organized Standard Oil in Cleveland?
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What controversial reformer wrote about solving economic inequality?
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What group peaked membership in 1886 and welcomed various types of workers?
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What area in Manhattan became notorious for its crime and disease?
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What circus became famous for its entertaining shows?
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What essay written by Andrew Carnegie promoted social responsibility?
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What union focused on collective bargaining for skilled laborers?
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What phrase describes Bryan's speech advocating for bimetallism?
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Study Notes
Gilded Age
- Term coined by Mark Twain for the late 1800s, highlighting wealth disparity and corruption.
- Marked by industrial success and luxurious lifestyles of the rich, contrasting with high poverty and crime rates.
Boss Tweed
- Head of Tammany Hall in NYC, notorious for corruption during the Tweed Reign.
- Critically defrauded NYC taxpayers, notably inflating courthouse construction costs from $3 million to $13 million.
Charlotte Perkins
- Influential feminist writer advocating for cooperative cooking and childcare to empower women economically.
William James
- Harvard philosopher, key works include "Principles of Psychology" and "Pragmatism," shaping American philosophy.
Streetcar Cities
- Urban areas where commuting to work was facilitated by horse-drawn streetcars, leading to suburban growth.
Skyscrapers
- Innovative buildings featuring steel frames and advancements such as Otis elevators and steam heating systems.
Party Boss
- A political party leader who influences votes and appointments, often associated with corruption in urban politics.
Theodore Dreiser
- American naturalist author known for revealing poor living conditions in the slums, influencing social reforms.
Daniel Burnham
- Architect who brought the City Beautiful movement to the U.S., known for his work in urban planning, including at the Chicago World Fair.
Urbanization
- A significant migration of people to cities for factory work, transforming American societal structures.
Samuel Gompers
- Founder of the American Federation of Labor, advocating for improved wages and hours for laborers.
William Jennings Bryan
- Democratic presidential candidate in 1896 and 1900, famous for his "free silver" campaign which appealed to the Populist Party.
Populist Party
- Formed in 1892 by Farmer's Alliance members, advocating for government reforms, progressive taxation, and direct democracy.
Megalopolis
- A densely populated area incorporating multiple urban centers, reflecting the scale of urbanization.
William Randolph Hearst
- A pioneering newspaper publisher whose sensationalist journalism transformed how news was reported.
Emily Dickinson
- Reclusive New England poet whose work gained recognition posthumously, known for her unique style.
Kate Chopin
- Feminist author of "The Awakening," addressing themes of adultery, suicide, and women’s ambitions, rediscovered later.
Anthony Comstock
- A crusader for sexual purity, enforcing moral standards through federal law during the 19th century.
Henry James
- Novelist reflecting on American encounters with Europe, significant for his work "The Bostonians," addressing feminism.
W.E.B. Du Bois
- Scholar advocating for full social and economic equality for African Americans, emphasizing the "talented tenth."
Henry H. Richardson
- Notable architect known for the Richardsonian style, marked by distinctive, ornamental designs.
James Whistler
- American artist recognized for iconic works including a portrait of his mother, known for his style in England.
Mary Cassatt
- Impressionist painter in Paris, acclaimed for her heartfelt depictions of women and children.
Thomas Eakins
- Painter known for his realistic style, capturing the flaws of his subjects.
Robber Barons
- Industrialists who amassed wealth through exploitative practices against workers and competitors.
Booker T. Washington
- Former slave who established an industrial school in Tuskegee, promoting vocational skills for economic upliftment.
Edward Bellamy
- Journalist and reformer who wrote "Looking Backward," envisioning a future of nationalized industry for public benefit.
Mark Twain
- Author of classics including "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" and "The Gilded Age," noted for his humor and realism.
Marshall Fields
- Department stores that catered to urban middle-class shoppers and provided employment, especially for women.
Social Gospel
- Religious movement advocating for social justice, arguing that Christianity should address societal issues.
Columbian Exposition
- 1893 event in Chicago celebrating Columbus's voyage, showcasing classical architecture.
Mass Transportation
- Development of railroads and streetcars allowed middle-class families to live further from cities and commute.
Political Machine
- Corrupt political organizations controlling urban governance, influencing tax rates, and engaging in fraud.
WCTU
- The Woman's Christian Temperance Union led by Frances Willard, organizing women against alcohol.
Louis Sullivan
- Chicago architect known for popularizing skyscrapers and the design principle "form follows function."
Carry A. Nation
- Known for her radical protests against alcohol, famously destroying liquor establishments with a hatchet.
Frederick Law Olmsted
- Landscape architect behind famous parks like Central Park, advocating for urban green spaces.
Charles Darwin
- Naturalist who introduced the theory of evolution through natural selection in "Origin of Species."
Oliver Wendell Holmes
- Boston physician who advanced understanding of puerperal fever through empirical studies.
Morrill Act 1862
- Legislation providing public land grants to states for educational purposes.
Fundamentalist
- Individuals rejecting Darwinian theory, insisting on traditional religious beliefs.
Joseph Pulitzer
- Newspaper publisher who pioneered sensational journalism known as "yellow journalism."
John Dewey
- Philosopher advocating for pragmatism and educational reform based on experience and scientific reasoning.
Stephen Crane
- Author exploring the darker aspects of urban life, known for "The Red Badge of Courage."
Jack London
- Celebrated for his adventure novels like "Call of the Wild," highlighting nature and human struggle.
Comstock Law
- Legislation prohibiting the mailing of obscene materials.
Victoria Woodhull
- Early feminist and advocate for free love; published journalism that challenged societal norms.
Ida B. Wells
- Journalist leading anti-lynching campaigns and supporting the black women's club movement.
Vaudeville
- Entertainment form combining comedic acts and acrobatics, popular in the early 20th century.
John Singer Sargent
- Portrait painter acclaimed for flattering representations of British nobility.
George Inness
- Self-taught landscape painter recognized for his contributions to American art.
Winslow Homer
- Painter known for his realism, particularly in marine scenes, showcasing American life.
Standard Oil
- Founded by John D. Rockefeller, it monopolized the oil refining industry, controlling 90% by 1879.
Henry George
- Economist advocating for land tax to address economic inequality in "Progress and Poverty."
Knights of Labor
- Inclusive labor union aimed at unifying various worker demographics and promoting a cooperative society.
Five Points, Manhattan
- Infamous slum in NYC known for its dire living conditions and crime rates.
Barnum & Bailey's Circus
- Renowned circus founded by James A. Bailey, notable for its grand entertainment shows.
Gospel of Wealth
- Andrew Carnegie's essay promoting the idea that wealth carries a responsibility to benefit society.
AFL (American Federation of Labor)
- A labor union focusing on skilled workers and collective bargaining for better working conditions.
Cross of Gold
- William Jennings Bryan's impactful speech supporting bimetallism, criticizing the gold standard.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the Gilded Age, a period marked by significant economic growth and social challenges in the late 1800s. This quiz will assess your understanding of the key concepts and issues that defined this era, including wealth disparity and corruption. Prepare to explore the complexities of American history during this transformative time.
