History Chapter 17: A New South 1877-1900
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History Chapter 17: A New South 1877-1900

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Questions and Answers

What does 'the Old South' refer to?

  • A modern industrialized South
  • The South before the Civil War (correct)
  • A politically unified South
  • The South after the Civil War

    • What is meant by 'the New South'?

    The rise of a South after the Civil War that became industrialized and no longer depended on slave labor.

    What is sharecropping?

    A system where landowners leased land to farmworkers in return for a portion of their crops.

    What are crop lien laws?

    <p>A system allowing farmers to get credit by borrowing against the value of their anticipated harvests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    De jure segregation refers to racial segregation that is required by law.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    De facto segregation results from laws and regulations.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was James B. Duke?

    <p>Owner of the American Tobacco Company and virtual monopoly in tobacco processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of The Grange?

    <p>Initially a social organization for farmers, it became a political movement advocating for government ownership of railroads.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Populist Party react against?

    <p>Injustices and government neglect in favor of business.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Omaha Platform?

    <p>A platform adopted by Populists in 1892 calling for various reforms, including the unlimited coinage of silver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The WCTU advocated for the prohibition of alcohol.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is disfranchisement?

    <p>The deprivation of the right to vote.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Plessy v. Ferguson case?

    <p>It established the 'separate but equal' doctrine in racial segregation laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Jim Crow laws?

    <p>State laws enforcing racial segregation in the South following Reconstruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is deskilling?

    <p>The process of removing human skill from jobs through automation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do poll taxes require?

    <p>They require citizens to pay a special tax in order to vote.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the literacy test?

    <p>A test given to people to prove their reading and writing abilities before registering to vote.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the grandfather clause?

    <p>A clause allowing individuals to vote if they or their ancestors had voted before 1867.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Booker T. Washington?

    <p>A prominent black American who advocated for vocational education and economic self-reliance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Atlanta Compromise?

    <p>A speech by Booker T. Washington advocating cooperation and economic opportunities for African Americans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was W.E.B. Du Bois?

    <p>A civil rights activist who promoted immediate equality and co-founded the NAACP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the NAACP?

    <p>The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, dedicated to abolishing segregation and ensuring civil rights for African Americans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Old South vs. The New South

    • The Old South refers to the South prior to the Civil War, characterized by an agrarian economy heavily reliant on slavery.
    • The New South emerged post-Civil War, seeking industrialization and economic integration into a modern national economy, moving beyond just cotton agriculture.

    Agricultural Systems

    • Sharecropping was a system where landowners leased land to workers in exchange for a portion of the harvest.
    • Crop lien laws enabled farmers to secure credit based on anticipated harvests, leading to cycles of debt dependency on local merchants.

    Segregation and Race Relations

    • De jure segregation is legally enforced racial separation, while de facto segregation arises from social and economic conditions or personal choices.
    • Jim Crow laws enforced racial segregation in the South, institutionalizing inequality after Reconstruction.

    Key Figures and Organizations

    • James B. Duke founded the American Tobacco Company, creating a monopoly in the tobacco industry.
    • Dr. John Pemberton, a Confederate veteran and druggist, invented Coca-Cola, initially marketed for medicinal use.
    • The Grange began as a social organization for farmers but evolved into a political movement advocating for government control of railroads.
    • The Farmers' Alliance formed in Texas to combat railroad and manufacturer exploitation, but weakened by racial exclusivity.

    Economic Movements

    • Cooperatives were established by Grangers for bulk purchasing to reduce farming costs.
    • The Subtreasury Plan aimed to stabilize farmers' income by allowing them to store crops for better market prices and access federal loans against their value.
    • The Populist Party arose to address social injustices and advocated for reforms including silver coinage and regulation of industries.

    Civil Rights Advocacy

    • The United Daughters of the Confederacy emerged to promote Confederate memory and is one of the oldest patriotic organizations in the U.S.
    • Disfranchisement refers to the systematic depriving of voting rights, utilizing measures like poll taxes and literacy tests to eliminate African American voters.

    Landmark Court Cases

    • Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) established the "separate but equal" doctrine, legitimizing racial segregation under law.
    • The NAACP, founded in 1909, aimed to abolish segregation and garner civil rights for African Americans, challenging discriminatory laws like the grandfather clause.

    Prominent African American Leaders

    • Booker T. Washington advocated for economic self-reliance and vocational training for African Americans, founding the Tuskegee Institute.
    • The Atlanta Compromise, articulated by Washington, suggested that Black Americans would accept segregation if given economic opportunities.
    • W.E.B. Du Bois argued for immediate pursuit of civil rights and helped establish the Niagara Movement and the NAACP, emphasizing political activism and higher education for African Americans.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the transformative period of the New South from 1877 to 1900. This quiz covers key concepts such as sharecropping and the economic shifts after the Civil War. Perfect for students studying American history and the evolution of the Southern economy.

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