Asepsis, Infection Control, and Disease Prevention

False (B)

<p>Virulence is the degree of pathogenicity of a microorganism, indicating its ability to cause disease. Higher virulence typically correlates with more severe infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>fomite</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A urinary catheter can disrupt the natural flushing action of urine flow in the urinary tract, which washes away microorganisms, and it introduces a foreign object providing a surface for bacteria to adhere and colonize.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reservoir = A place where microorganisms survive, multiply, and await transfer to a susceptible host. Vector = Living organism, such as an insect or animal, that transmits infectious agents from an infected animal or human to another susceptible animal or human. Vehicle = Mode of transmission via contaminated items such as water, drugs, solutions, blood, or food. Host = An organism that harbors a parasitic, a mutual, or a commensal symbiont, typically providing nourishment and shelter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skin = Puncture wounds Saliva = Dehydration Urinary Tract = Urinary catheter placement Vagina = Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pneumonia is a result of <em>P. jiroveci</em>, which is part of the patient's normal flora in multiple body systems, becoming pathogenic due to the immunocompromised state. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>fecal-oral route</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cutaneous, inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylococcus aureus = Skin, hair, anterior nares Escherichia coli = Colon Varicella zoster virus = Vesicle fluid, respiratory tract infections Cryptococcus species = Bird feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p><em>R. rickettsii</em> is maintained in wood ticks, and humans are infected through the bite of an infected tick. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viruses lack the necessary metabolic processes that antibiotics target. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The electron microscope allowed scientists to visualize the structure and function of viruses, due to its ability to magnify objects at a much higher resolution than light microscopes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>filterable</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluorescent microscopy = Visualizing viral components within cells using fluorescent markers. Tissue culture = Growing viruses in host cells for research and vaccine development. Ultracentrifugation = Separating and purifying viruses based on size and density.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capsule formation around the cell wall (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identifying the bacteria ensures the correct antibiotic is prescribed, as treatments can affect different bacteria differently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>spore</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aerobic Bacteria = Require oxygen to survive Anaerobic Bacteria = Do not require oxygen to survive Spirilla = Tightly coiled bacteria that move with a wiggling motion Capsule = Protective layer formed around the cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It differentiates bacteria based on cell wall components. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A patient with a surgical wound who requires frequent dressing changes and has a history of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When conditions are unfavorable, bacteria form spores. They exhibit high resistance to heat and disinfectants, allowing the bacteria to survive in a dormant state until conditions become more favorable for growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>entire cell body</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A healthcare facility can disrupt the 'reservoir' stage by implementing diligent hand hygiene practices, regularly disinfecting surfaces and equipment, and ensuring proper wound care and dressing changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>immune</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inserting a urinary catheter = Surgical asepsis Administering an intramuscular injection = Medical asepsis Cleaning a patient's bedside table. = Medical asepsis Preparing an IV medication in the pharmacy = Surgical asepsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The likelihood of disease development is influenced by a combination of factors, including the patient's immune system, the number and virulence of microorganisms, and the duration of exposure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Implementing strict contact precautions, reinforcing hand hygiene practices, and conducting thorough environmental cleaning and disinfection. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Applying a sterile dressing to the wound to contain the drainage and microorganisms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute stage, because the signs and symptoms specific to the infection are most pronounced. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inflammatory response delivers fluid, blood products, and nutrients to injured tissues, neutralizing pathogens, eliminating necrotic tissue, and repairing body cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>nosocomial</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incubation Period = Time between pathogen entry and symptom onset; host may be infectious. Prodromal Stage = Nonspecific symptoms appear; microorganisms grow and multiply. Acute Stage = Specific signs and symptoms of the infection are evident. Convalescence = Acute symptoms disappear; recovery occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Implementing proper hand hygiene and infection control techniques. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The complexity of care increases when an infection involves multiple or critical body systems, requiring more specialized monitoring, interventions, and a multidisciplinary approach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>loss of function</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotional stress and anxiety. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Methods to reduce the number of microorganisms.

Techniques to eliminate all microorganisms before procedures.

A series of steps that allows infection to spread.

Infection control practices applied to all patients.

Strategies to stop the spread of infections.

Intact multilayered surface acting as the body's first line of defense against infection.

Washes away microorganisms and contains microbial inhibitors like lysozyme.

Tiny hair-like structures in the respiratory tract that trap and sweep out pathogens.

The action of urine flow washing away microorganisms from the bladder and urethra.

Bacteria that maintain a low pH in vaginal secretions, protecting against infections.

Bacteria found on skin and hair causing various infections.

Bacteria from oropharynx and skin causing strep throat and more.

Bacteria commonly found in the colon, can cause enteritis.

Virus transmitted via blood and body fluids, leads to AIDS.

Opportunistic infection in AIDS patients, affecting the lungs.

Fungus causing infections like thrush and dermatitis.

Factors that increase the likelihood of infection, such as treatments and conditions.

A pathogen that can cause disease, such as bacteria or viruses.

Where a pathogen lives and grows, like the human body or dirty surfaces.

The route through which an infectious agent leaves its reservoir.

The way an infectious agent is spread, such as through air or contact.

The method by which an infectious agent enters a new host.

A person or animal that can become infected by a pathogen.

Absence of pathogenic microorganisms to prevent infection.

Smallest known agents causing disease, composed of RNA or DNA and protein coat.

Viruses enter through respiratory, gastrointestinal, broken skin, or bites.

Viruses rapidly reproduce using the host cell's materials.

Viral diseases often resolve on their own but may require symptom management.

A coronavirus that caused a global pandemic, changing health care practices.

Time between pathogen entry and symptom appearance.

Period of nonspecific signs before specific symptoms emerge.

Time when specific symptoms of infection are evident.

Recovery period after acute symptoms have subsided.

Common indicators include swelling, redness, and heat.

Widespread inflammation affecting the entire body.

Infections patients get while in healthcare facilities.

Body's protective response to injury or infection.

Causes include physical and chemical agents or microorganisms.

Symptoms that limit the severity of localized infections.

Bacteria have three basic shapes: round, oblong, and spiral.

Bacteria that require oxygen for growth and survival.

Bacteria that do not require oxygen for growth.

Hair-like structures that enable bacteria to move in a wavelike motion.

Some bacteria form spores to survive unfavorable conditions.

A protective layer formed by bacteria under hostile conditions.

Bacteria that retain dye during staining and appear purple.

Bacteria that do not retain dye and appear pink after staining.

Testing to determine which antibiotics can inhibit bacterial growth.

Spirilla bacteria exhibit a wiggling motion involving the entire body.