Arts Appreciation Module 1 Quiz: Explore Basics of Art

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Questions and Answers

Who is credited with the quote: 'Art is a mediator of the unspeakable'?

Michelangelo

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (correct)

Paul Gauguin

Aristotle

Art is a mirror held up to reality.

False

What does the vertical line in art signify?

power, strength, stability, simplicity, and efficiency

In painting, _______ refers to the subject of the piece itself.

positive space Signup and view all the answers

Match the following artistic periods with their characteristics:

Archaic Period = Solid mass and frontal stance of Egyptian models, but more dynamic forms Classical Period = Intellectualism, creativity, diverse figure types, and naturalistic sculptures Hellenistic Period = Continuation and refinement of Greek influence, dramatic themes, emotive expressions Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining element of the Corinthian order?

elaborate, carved capital Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first actor in the Greek theatre?

Thespis Signup and view all the answers

All performers in Greek theatre were male.

True Signup and view all the answers

The essential instrument in the music of Greek theatre was the ______.

aulos Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Roman artworks with their descriptions:

CUPID FRIEZE, HOUSE OF THE VETTII, POMPEII = Frescoes HEAD OF A ROMAN PATRICIAN, 75-50 BCE = Sculpture MOSAIC OF A GYPSY GIRL = Mosaics EQUESTRIAN STATUE OF MARCUS AURELIUS, 175 CE = Sculpture Signup and view all the answers

Some of the varieties used were Carrara marble came from Italy, Parian marble from Paros, Pentelic from Athens, yellow __________ Numidian marble from North Africa, purple Phyrgian from Turkey, red porphyry from Egypt, and green-veined Carystian marble from Euboea.

Theater Signup and view all the answers

Who were some notable architects during this period?

Severus Signup and view all the answers

Romans were uninterested in theoretical questions, but they were among the greatest engineers, military tacticians, and administrators.

True Signup and view all the answers

What did Horace's The Art of Poetry serve as a manual on?

writing good plays; five-act plays; teach and please; unity, grace, and decorum Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Roman architectural styles with their descriptions:

Roman Composite = Mixed the volute of the Ionic order with the acanthus leaves of the Corinthian. Roman Tuscan = A form of Doric column with a smaller capital, slender shaft without flutes, and a molded base. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

MODULE 1: THE BASICS CONCEPTS OF ART

Aristotle and Other Famous Quotes

"Art completes what nature cannot bring to a finish. The artist gives us knowledge of nature's unrealized ends." - Aristotle
"The true work of art is but a shadow of the divine perfection." - Michelangelo
"Art is a mediator of the unspeakable." - Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
"Art is a mad search for individualism." - Paul Gauguin
"Art is not a mirror held up to reality but a hammer with which to shape it." - Bertolt Brecht

Characteristics of Art

Man-made
Unique
Aesthetics

Types of Art

Painting
Sculpture
Architecture
Literature
Music

Elements of Art

Line: indicates direction, orientation, movement, and energy
- Vertical line: basic framework of all forms, power, strength, stability, simplicity, and efficiency
- Horizontal line: creates an impression of serenity, perfect stability, rest, calmness, peace, and repose
- Jagged line: shows violence, confusion, and conflict
- Curved line: shows a gradual change of direction and fluidity
Space: refers to the distances or areas around, between, and within components of a piece
Shape: an enclosed space, a bounded two-dimensional form that has both length and width
- Organic shapes: based on natural or living forms, can be irregular
- Geometric shapes: based on measured forms, can be named (e.g., sphere, cube, pyramid, cone, and cylinder)
Form: connotes something that is three-dimensional and encloses volume, having length, width, and height
Color
Texture

PRINCIPLES OF ART

Emphasis: composition refers to developing points of interest to pull the viewer's eye to important parts of the body of the work
Balance: sense of stability in the body of work
Harmony: achieved in a body of work by using similar elements throughout the work
Variety: refers to the differences in the work
Movement: adds excitement to your work by showing action and directing the viewer's eye throughout the work
Unity: seen in a painting or drawing when all the parts equal a whole### Roman Arts and Architecture
Roman wall painters preferred natural earth colors, such as darker shades of reds, yellows, and browns.
Subjects included portraits, scenes from mythology, architecture, flora, fauna, and entire gardens, landscapes, and townscapes.

Roman Sculpture

Roman sculpture blended the idealized perfection of earlier Classical Greek sculpture with a greater aspiration for realism and mixed in Eastern styles.
Sculptures mostly used marble and bronze, depicting prominent political figures, wealthy individuals, gods, emperors, and heroes.
Larger-than-life sculptures were also carved for gods, emperors, and heroes.

Mosaics

Mosaics were made with small black, white, and colored squares of marble, tile, glass, pottery, stone, or shells.
Each individual piece measured between 0.5 and 1.5 cm, but fine details were often rendered using even smaller pieces as little as 1mm in size.
Popular subjects included scenes from mythology, gladiator contests, sports, agriculture, hunting, food, flora, and fauna, and sometimes they even captured the Romans themselves in detailed and realistic portraits.

Roman Architecture

Roman architecture continued the legacy left by the earlier Greek architects.
Marble was largely favored, especially for state-funded projects.
Some notable architects were Apollodorus of Damascus, Hadrian, Severus, Celer, and Vitruvius.

Roman Orders

Roman Composite - mixed the volute of the Ionic order with the acanthus leaves of the Corinthian.
Roman Tuscan - a form of Doric column but with a smaller capital, a more slender shaft without flutes, and a molded base.

Socio-Cultural Context

By 146 BCE, Rome had conquered Greece and absorbed its other territories.
Romans were uninterested in theoretical questions, but they were among the greatest engineers, military tacticians, and administrators.

Roman Literature and Theater

Horace's The Art of Poetry served as a manual on writing good plays.
Roman drama prospered in the Republic era (509-27 BCE), but was abandoned in the Empire era (27 BCE-476 CE).
Roman Comic Playwrights included Livius Andronicus, Gnaeus Naevius, and Titus Maccius Plautus.
Roman Tragic Playwrights included Quintus Ennius, Marcus Ocuvius, Luccius Accius, and Lucius Annaeus Seneca.

Roman Actors

Histriones were actors; Cantores were declaimers.
Male actors performed in tragedies and comedies; women performed in mimes.
The playwright left the production at the hands of managers.
Some actors belonged in guilds.
In the 1st century BCE, emphasis shifted to the "star" performer.
The most popular performers in late Rome were tightrope walkers, trapeze artists, jugglers, sword-swallowers, fire-eaters, and dancers.

Acting Style in Tragedy and Comedy

Delivery in tragedy was slow, stately, and declamatory; delivery in comedy was conversational.
Proficiency in speaking, singing, and dancing was required.
Movement in tragedy was slow and dignified; movement in comedy was lively.
Gestures and movement were considered enlarged.
Actors specialized in one dramatic form.
Actors in mime did not use masks.

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Description

Review the fundamentals of art appreciation, exploring quotes from Aristotle, Michelangelo, and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Analyze iconic artworks like Christina's World and Rizal Monument.