Artiodactyla and Cetacea Orders in Zoology
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Questions and Answers

What is the significance of the order Artiodactyla in conservation?

  • They are found only in tropical regions.
  • They are the largest group of even-toed ungulates.
  • They are highly threatened by climate change.
  • They are ancestors of domestic livestock. (correct)

    • What is the revised classification of Cetacea and Artiodactyla?

  • New order: Cetartiodactyla. (correct)
  • Two separate orders: Cetacea and Artiodactyla.
  • Three orders: Prototheria, Metatheria and Eutheria.
  • One order: Mammalia.

    • How many species of whales and dolphins are there?

  • 92 species.
  • 94 species. (correct)
  • 457 species.
  • 5106 species.

    • What are the three major divisions of mammals?

    <p>Prototheria, Metatheria, and Eutheria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are the numbers of species in each order constantly changing?

    <p>Due to taxonomic reclassifications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of orders in the infraclass Eutheria?

    <p>19</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which super-order includes the order Rodentia?

    <p>Euarchontoglires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of species in the order Afrosoricida?

    <p>55</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which order includes the aardvark?

    <p>Tubulidentata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of families in the order Primates?

    <p>17</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which order includes the domesticated horse and donkey?

    <p>Perissodactyla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of genera in the order Lagomorpha?

    <p>13</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which super-order includes the order Eulipotyphla?

    <p>Laurasiatheria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why Artiodactyla is considered globally important?

    <p>Because they are ancestors of domestic livestock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the order Cetacea?

    <p>They are whales, dolphins, and porpoises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated number of species in the infraclass Eutheria according to Burgin et al?

    <p>6495</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following suborders includes the Ganges dolphin and the Yangtze river dolphin?

    <p>Odontoceti</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of the species in the order Artiodactyla?

    <p>They have an even number of toes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic shared by the orders Afrosoricida, Macroscelidea, and Tubulidentata?

    <p>They are all included in the super-order Afrotheria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of the orders Proboscidea and Sirenia?

    <p>They are both keystone species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which super-order includes the orders Pilosa and Cingulata?

    <p>Xenarthra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the order Eulipotyphla?

    <p>It includes species of shrews and moles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a concern related to the order Pholidota?

    <p>There is a big concern about their populations at present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which order includes species of bats and flying foxes?

    <p>Chiroptera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the order Perissodactyla?

    <p>It includes species of odd-toed ungulates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significance of the order Perissodactyla?

    <p>It is globally important as the ancestors of the domesticated horse and donkey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Eutheria Summary

    • Eutheria is an infraclass with 4 super-orders, which includes 19-20 orders of mammals.
    • Modern mammals arose in the Jurassic period.

    Afrotheria Super-order

    • Consists of 6 orders: Afrosoricida, Macroscelidea, Tubulidentata, Hyracoidea, Proboscidea, and Sirenia.
    • Order Afrosoricida: 3 families, 20 genera, 55 species (tenrecs, otter shrews, golden moles).
    • Order Macroscelidea: 1 family, 5 genera, 20 species (sengis).
    • Order Tubulidentata: 1 family, 1 genus, 1 species (aardvark).
    • Order Hyracoidea: 1 family, 3 genera, 5 species (hyraxes).
    • Order Proboscidea: 1 family, 2 genera, 3 species (elephants), ecosystem engineers/keystone species.
    • Order Sirenia: 2 families, 3 genera, 5 species (dugongs, manatees).

    Xenarthra Super-order

    • Consists of 2 orders: Pilosa and Cingulata.
    • Order Pilosa: 4 families, 5 genera, 10 species (anteaters, sloths).
    • Order Cingulata: 2 families, 9 genera, 20 species (armadillos).

    Euarchontoglires Super-order

    • Consists of 5 orders: Rodentia, Lagomorpha, Primates, Scandentia, and Dermoptera.
    • Order Rodentia: 36 families, 513 genera, 2552 species (rodents), ecosystem engineers.
    • Order Lagomorpha: 3 families, 13 genera, 98 species (hares, rabbits, pikas).
    • Order Primates: 17 families, 84 genera, 518 species (primates), including lemurs, lorises, tarsiers, marmosets, and apes.
    • Order Scandentia: 2 families, 4 genera, 24 species (tree shrews).
    • Order Dermoptera: 1 family, 2 genera, 2 species (colugos/flying lemurs).

    Laurasiatheria Super-order

    • Consists of 6-7 orders: Eulipotyphla, Chiroptera, Pholidota, Carnivora, Perissodactyla, and Artiodactyla.
    • Order Eulipotyphla: 5 families, 56 genera, 527 species (shrews, moles, hedgehogs).
    • Order Chiroptera: 21 families, 227 genera, 1386 species (bats, flying foxes), disease hosts.
    • Order Pholidota: 1 family, 3 genera, 8 species (pangolins), of big concern.
    • Order Carnivora: 16 families, 130 genera, 305 species (terrestrial carnivores, seals, sea lions), keystone species.
    • Order Perissodactyla: 3 families, 8 genera, 21 species (odd-toed ungulates), important for domesticated horse and donkey ancestors.
    • Order Artiodactyla: 10 families, 92 genera, 457 species (even-toed ungulates), important for domestic livestock.
    • Order Cetacea: 14 families, 40 genera, 94 species (whales, dolphins), including Odontoceti and Mysticeti.

    Cetartiodactyla Order

    • A revised classification combines Cetacea and Artiodactyla.

    Eutheria Diversity

    • Estimates of Eutheria species numbers vary: 5106 (Macdonald), 5973 (IUCN), and 6495 (Burgin et al).
    • The number of species in each order varies greatly and is constantly changing.

    Eutheria Summary

    • Eutheria is an infraclass with 4 super-orders, which includes 19-20 orders of mammals.
    • Modern mammals arose in the Jurassic period.

    Afrotheria Super-order

    • Consists of 6 orders: Afrosoricida, Macroscelidea, Tubulidentata, Hyracoidea, Proboscidea, and Sirenia.
    • Order Afrosoricida: 3 families, 20 genera, 55 species (tenrecs, otter shrews, golden moles).
    • Order Macroscelidea: 1 family, 5 genera, 20 species (sengis).
    • Order Tubulidentata: 1 family, 1 genus, 1 species (aardvark).
    • Order Hyracoidea: 1 family, 3 genera, 5 species (hyraxes).
    • Order Proboscidea: 1 family, 2 genera, 3 species (elephants), ecosystem engineers/keystone species.
    • Order Sirenia: 2 families, 3 genera, 5 species (dugongs, manatees).

    Xenarthra Super-order

    • Consists of 2 orders: Pilosa and Cingulata.
    • Order Pilosa: 4 families, 5 genera, 10 species (anteaters, sloths).
    • Order Cingulata: 2 families, 9 genera, 20 species (armadillos).

    Euarchontoglires Super-order

    • Consists of 5 orders: Rodentia, Lagomorpha, Primates, Scandentia, and Dermoptera.
    • Order Rodentia: 36 families, 513 genera, 2552 species (rodents), ecosystem engineers.
    • Order Lagomorpha: 3 families, 13 genera, 98 species (hares, rabbits, pikas).
    • Order Primates: 17 families, 84 genera, 518 species (primates), including lemurs, lorises, tarsiers, marmosets, and apes.
    • Order Scandentia: 2 families, 4 genera, 24 species (tree shrews).
    • Order Dermoptera: 1 family, 2 genera, 2 species (colugos/flying lemurs).

    Laurasiatheria Super-order

    • Consists of 6-7 orders: Eulipotyphla, Chiroptera, Pholidota, Carnivora, Perissodactyla, and Artiodactyla.
    • Order Eulipotyphla: 5 families, 56 genera, 527 species (shrews, moles, hedgehogs).
    • Order Chiroptera: 21 families, 227 genera, 1386 species (bats, flying foxes), disease hosts.
    • Order Pholidota: 1 family, 3 genera, 8 species (pangolins), of big concern.
    • Order Carnivora: 16 families, 130 genera, 305 species (terrestrial carnivores, seals, sea lions), keystone species.
    • Order Perissodactyla: 3 families, 8 genera, 21 species (odd-toed ungulates), important for domesticated horse and donkey ancestors.
    • Order Artiodactyla: 10 families, 92 genera, 457 species (even-toed ungulates), important for domestic livestock.
    • Order Cetacea: 14 families, 40 genera, 94 species (whales, dolphins), including Odontoceti and Mysticeti.

    Cetartiodactyla Order

    • A revised classification combines Cetacea and Artiodactyla.

    Eutheria Diversity

    • Estimates of Eutheria species numbers vary: 5106 (Macdonald), 5973 (IUCN), and 6495 (Burgin et al).
    • The number of species in each order varies greatly and is constantly changing.

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    Description

    Learn about the even-toed ungulates and whales, dolphins, and porpoisesOrders, their importance, and the revised classification into Cetartiodactyla.

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