Artificial and Natural Selection Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary outcome of natural selection as described?

  • Traits are randomly passed on to offspring
  • Individuals with unfavorable traits thrive
  • A population becomes less adapted to its environment
  • Individuals with heritable, favorable traits lead to better adaptation (correct)

    • Which type of finch has a beak specialized for eating seeds?

  • Ground finch (correct)
  • Tree finch
  • Warbler finch
  • Woodpecker finch

    • What characteristic is emphasized in artificial selection?

  • Random genetic mutations
  • Intentional breeding for desirable traits (correct)
  • Natural habitat adaptation
  • Environmental changes over time

    • Which breed of dog is noted for being bred for racing?

    <p>Greyhound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do genetic reproductive technologies play in artificial selection?

    <p>They enable the selection of traits deemed favorable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes artificial selection from natural selection?

    <p>Artificial selection involves human intervention to choose traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of artificial selection?

    <p>Higher susceptibility to diseases in selectively bred species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is primarily utilized in artificial selection?

    <p>Selective and cross breeding for desired traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk associated with inbreeding during artificial selection?

    <p>Accumulation of health issues in offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of biotechnology in artificial selection?

    <p>It allows for the selection of specific traits using technology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant difference between modern bananas and their wild ancestors?

    <p>Modern bananas have smaller seeds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color were the earliest known carrots originally thought to be?

    <p>Purple or white</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much larger is modern corn compared to its natural ancestor?

    <p>1,000 times larger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of sugar does modern corn contain compared to its ancient counterpart?

    <p>6.6 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about artificial selection is true?

    <p>Breeders can select traits that already exist in some form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where were the first bananas believed to be cultivated?

    <p>Papua New Guinea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the appearance of natural corn compared to modern sweetcorn?

    <p>Natural corn had a dry texture like a raw potato.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of sweetcorn exemplifies selective breeding?

    <p>It is now 1,000 times larger than its ancestor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results in the variety of vegetables derived from the wild mustard plant?

    <p>Artificial selection over thousands of generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major consequence of artificial selection?

    <p>Loss of overall genetic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following crops was not evolved from wild mustard through artificial selection?

    <p>Tomato</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is true of natural selection compared to artificial selection?

    <p>It is random</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of changes occur during artificial selection?

    <p>Selection for organisms with specific traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the speed of artificial selection compare to natural selection?

    <p>Artificial selection is faster, occurring over centuries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key similarity between natural and artificial selection?

    <p>Both can result in changes to DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a trait that can be selected in artificial selection?

    <p>Desirable physical characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of both natural and artificial selection?

    <p>Both involve changes to DNA base-pairings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement describes the process of natural selection?

    <p>It is gradual and occurs over many generations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does artificial selection differ from natural selection?

    <p>Artificial selection is directive and selects specific traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What outcome is associated with the accumulation of mutations in natural selection?

    <p>Gradual formation of new species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of new species arising from artificial selection?

    <p>They can occur immediately after one generation of crossbreeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to the slow process of natural selection?

    <p>Low rates of mutation accumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the rate of new species formation in natural selection?

    <p>It is a slow and gradual process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario illustrates artificial selection?

    <p>Farmers breed plants to select for larger fruits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of natural selection?

    <p>It is a gradual process occurring over many generations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the formation of a new species through natural selection?

    <p>It results from the accumulation of many mutations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to both natural and artificial selection?

    <p>The genetic variation present in the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding artificial selection is accurate?

    <p>It involves selecting specific trait combinations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the time required for achieving offspring with desired traits through both selection processes?

    <p>Natural selection requires more time than artificial selection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of natural selection?

    <p>It lacks the ability to achieve rapid changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a true statement concerning the manipulation of parental genotypes?

    <p>It is essential for changing offspring phenotypes prior to birth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Theory of Natural Selection

    • Individuals with heritable favorable traits better adapt to their environment
    • This leads to a more adapted population

    Galapagos Finches

    • Show diversity in beak size and shape
    • Each species adapted to a specific food source
    • Ground finch has a thick beak for seeds
    • Warbler finch has a slender beak for insects

    Huskies - Breeding

    • Bred for strength and endurance
    • Used for dog sledding

    Greyhounds - Breeding

    • Bred for racing

    Artificial Selection

    • Intentional reproduction of individuals with desirable traits
    • Contrast to natural selection
    • Humans determine advantageous traits
    • Changes genotype and phenotype of future generations (evolution)

    Artificial Selection Process

    • Domestication/artificial selection
    • Creating desired traits through selective and cross-breeding
    • Traits like less aggressive, fluffy fur, speed, cold endurance are selected
    • New traits may emerge over time, possibly leading to new species

    Consequences of Artificial Selection

    • Monoculture (same species over a wide area)
    • Susceptibility to environmental changes/diseases
    • Inbreeding may lead to health problems (decreased lifespan, hip dysplasia)

    Biotechnology and Artificial Selection

    • Use of technology/organisms to artificially select traits
    • Foods like milk, vegetables, grains, and fruits come from this

    What's the Fruit?

    • 17th-century painting of a watermelon
    • Different from modern watermelons

    The Origin of Bananas

    • Cultivated in Papua New Guinea and Southeast Asia for at least 7,000 years (possibly 10,000 years ago)
    • From wild varieties Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana
    • The wild varieties had large, hard seeds

    Earliest Known Carrots

    • Grown in the 10th century in Persia and Asia Minor
    • Originally purple or white with a thin, forked root
    • Lost pigment, became yellow

    Selective Breeding (Corn)

    • North American sweetcorn bred from teosinte plant
    • Dramatic increase in size (1,000 times larger) since domestication
    • 6.6 percent sugar content (compared to 1.9 percent in natural corn)

    The Power of Artificial Selection

    • Unexpected results, exhibiting traits beyond natural variability
    • Breeders can't create traits not present in the population
    • New mutations provide new material for breeders
    • Artificial selection reduces population genetic diversity, possible loss of biodiversity in population

    Artificial Selection in Plants (Mustard Plant)

    • Wild mustard plant (Brassica oleracea) domesticated thousands of years ago
    • Variety of vegetables evolved from it, differing in taste and appearance due to artificial selection over many generations
    • Traits selected through artificial selection resulted in cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, kale, and kohlrabi

    Plant Morphology and Artificial Selection

    • Chart correlating plant morphology description (e.g. kale) with selected traits from the wild mustard plant (e.g. enlargement of leaves)

    Natural vs. Artificial Selection Mechanisms

    • Natural: Random changes to DNA, slow process (1000s to millions of years) for new species, new species arise due to accumulation of mutations, gradual process
    • Artificial: Directive changes by humans, selects specific trait combinations, faster process (100s of years) for new species, new species arise through cross-breeding, species is not necessarily gradual, can occur immediately

    Gizmo Time instruction

    • Go to www.gizmo.explorelearning.com.
    • Use the Gizmo titled "Natural and Artificial Selection" instructions on D2L for the worksheet.
    • Submit your completed worksheet to D2L.

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    Related Documents

    Artificial Selection PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the differences between artificial and natural selection. This quiz covers topics such as finch beak specialization, the role of biotechnology, and the implications of genetic technologies. Discover how selection processes impact species evolution and agricultural practices.

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