Articulations and Joint Classifications Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What type of joint is classified as non-movable?

Syndesmosis

Diarthrosis

Synarthrosis (correct)

Amphiarthrosis

Which of the following is a characteristic of fibrous joints?

Formed by cartilage

Contain a fluid-filled joint capsule

United by fibrous connective tissue (correct)

Allow free movement between bones

What type of joint allows for slight movement?

Amphiarthrosis (correct)

Suture

Diarthrosis

Synovial

Which joint classification includes most joints of the appendicular skeleton?

Diarthrosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Cartilaginous joints are primarily united by what material?

Cartilage (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is an example of a diarthrosis?

Knee joint (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which subclass of a fibrous joint allows for the greatest stability?

Suture (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly identifies a key feature of synovial joints?

Contains a fluid-filled joint capsule (C) Signup and view all the answers

How many cervical vertebrae are present in the vertebral column?

7 (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which vertebra is responsible for holding the head?

Atlas (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary functions of the vertebral column?

Supporting body weight (D) Signup and view all the answers

How many lumbar vertebrae are present in the vertebral column?

5 (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which vertebra is known for allowing the rotation of the head?

Axis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of spinal nerves in relation to the vertebral column?

To exit the spinal cord (D) Signup and view all the answers

How many sacral vertebrae are fused to form the sacrum?

5 (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which function is NOT attributed to the vertebral column?

Produces blood cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is known as the only movable skull bone?

Mandible (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which suture divides the frontal bone from the parietal bones?

Coronal suture (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cranial sutures?

Connect the cranial bones with immovable joints (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which bone forms part of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?

Maxillae (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the vomer bone contribute to in the skull?

Nasal septum (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which bones comprise the posterior portion of the hard palate?

Palatine bones (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which bones form the anterior part of the cranium?

Frontal bone (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones makes up the medial surfaces of the eye orbits?

Lacrimal bones (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of osteoblasts?

To form and repair bone (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do osteocytes contribute to bone tissue?

By maintaining the bone matrix (B) Signup and view all the answers

What process is referred to as ossification?

The formation of new bone (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of osteoclasts?

To remove existing bone (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where do osteocytes reside within bone tissue?

In spaces called lacunae (D) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes spongy bone from compact bone?

Spongy bone has less bone matrix (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mineral component formed by osteoblasts during ossification?

Hyroxyapatite crystals (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the small channels that house osteocyte extensions called?

Canaliculi (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of synovial joint allows for biaxial movement?

Saddle joint (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic movement type of hinge joints?

Uniaxial movement (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which bones are involved in the cubital joint?

Humerus, ulna, and radius (D) Signup and view all the answers

How many degrees of movement does a plane joint generally allow?

Uniaxial movement (D) Signup and view all the answers

The sternoclavicular joint is classified as which type of joint?

Biaxial joint (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which pair of bones is primarily associated with the interphalangeal joints?

Phalanges only (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of movement can the talocrural joint perform predominantly?

Uniaxial movement (A) Signup and view all the answers

The costovertebral joint allows what kind of movement?

Uniaxial movement (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which joint is classified as a complex joint?

Talocrural joint (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following joints is classified as a saddle joint?

Carpometacarpal pollicis joint (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Articulations

Articulations are the points where two bones connect.
Articulations can be classified structurally as fibrous, cartilaginous or synovial.
Articulations can be classified functionally based on their degree of motion as synarthroses, amphiarthroses or diarthroses.

Structural Classification of Joints

Fibrous joints are united by fibrous connective tissue.
- Subclasses are sutures, syndesmosis and gomphoses.
Cartilaginous joints are united by means of cartilage.
- Subclasses are synchondroses and symphysis.
Synovial joints are joined by a fluid cavity.
- Most joints of the appendicular skeleton.

Functional Classification of Joints

Synarthroses are non-movable joints.
- An example is the skull bone articulations.
Amphiarthroses are slightly movable joints.
- An example is between vertebrae.
Diarthroses are freely movable joints.
- Examples are knee elbow, and wrist articulations.

Bone Cells

Osteoblasts are responsible for the formation of new bone and repair.
- Osteoblasts produce collagen and proteoglycans.
- Osteoblast secrete high concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions, forming crystals called hydroxyapatite.
- The formation of new bone by osteoblasts is called ossification.
Osteocytes maintain bone matrix and are formed osteoblasts after bone matrix has surrounded them.
- Osteocytes account for 90-95% of bone cells and are long-lived.
- Osteocyte cell bodies are housed in spaces called lacunae.
- Osteocyte cell extensions are housed in narrow, long spaces called canaliculi.
Osteoclasts are bone-destroying cells.
- Osteoclasts contribute to bone repair and remodeling by removing existing bone, called bone reabsorption.
- Bone breakdown is important for mobilizing calcium.
- As bone is broken down, the calcium goes into the blood.

Spongy and Compact Bone

Mature bone is called lamellar bone.
- Lamellar bone is organized into thin concentric sheets called lamellae.
Bone can be classified according to the amount of bone matrix relative to the amount of space within the bone.
- Spongy bone has less bone matrix and more space than compact bone.
- Compact bone has more bone matrix and less space.

Cranial Sutures

The cranial bones are connected by immovable joints called sutures.
There are four principal sutures:
- Coronal
- Sagittal
- Lambdoid
- Squamous

Cranial Bones

Frontal bone is the anterior part of the cranium (forehead).
Parietal bones compose the sides and roof of the cranium.
Occipital bone compose the posterior portion and floor of the cranium.
Temporal bones are inferior to the parietal bones on each side of the cranium.
- Temporomandibular joint
Sphenoid bone forms part of the cranium floor, lateral posterior portions of the eye orbits, and lateral portions of the cranium anterior to temporal bones.
- Sella Turcica.
Ethmoid bone is the anterior portion of the cranium, including the medial surface of the eye orbit and roof of the nasal cavity.
- Nasal conchae

Facial Bones

Maxillae form the upper jaw, anterior portion of the hard palate, part of lateral walls of nasal cavity, and the floors of the eye orbits.
- Maxillary sinus.
Palatine bones form the posterior portion of the hard palate and the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.
Zygomatic bones are the cheek bones.
- They form the floor and lateral wall of each eye orbit.
Lacrimal bones are on the medial surfaces of the eye orbits.
Nasal bones form the bridge of the nose.
Vomer is in the midline of the nasal cavity.
- It forms the nasal septum with the ethmoid bone.
Inferior nasal conchae are attached to the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.
Mandible is the lower jawbone.
- It is the only movable skull bone.

Vertebral Column

It is formed by 26 bones.
The vertebral column is divided into five main regions:
- 7 cervical vertebrae.
- 12 thoracic vertebrae.
- 5 lumbar vertebrae.
- 1 sacrum.
- 1 coccyx.
Atlas is the first vertebra and holds the head.
Axis is the second vertebra and rotates the head.

Function of the Vertebral Column

Supports body weight.
Protects the spinal cord.
Allows spinal nerves to exit the spinal cord.
Provides a site for muscle attachment.
Provides movement of the head and trunk.

Sacrum

Formed by 5 fused vertebrae.

Types of Synovial Joints

Plane joints:
- Intervertebral joints between articular processes of adjacent vertebrae.
- Acromioclavicular joints between the acromion process of the scapula and clavicle.
- Carpometacarpal joints between carpals and metacarpals 2-5.
- Costovertebral joints between ribs and vertebrae.
- Intercarpal joints between carpal bones.
- Intermetatarsal joints between metatarsal bones.
- Intertarsal joints between tarsal bones.
- Sacroiliac joints between sacrum and hip bone (complex joint with several planes and synchondroses).
- Tarsometatarsal joints between tarsal bones and metatarsal bones.
Saddle joints:
- Carpometacapal pollicis between carpal and metacarpal of thumb
- Sternoclavicular between manubrium of sternum and clavicle
Hinge joints:
- Cubital (elbow) between humerus, ulna, and radius.
- Knee between femur and tibia.
- Interphalangeal between phalanges.
- Talocrural (ankle) between talus, tibia, and fibula.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the types of articulations and how joints are classified both structurally and functionally. This quiz will cover key concepts such as fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints, as well as the degrees of motion in synarthroses, amphiarthroses, and diarthroses. Perfect for anatomy students!