Articulations and Joint Classifications

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Questions and Answers

What is the point of attachment of a muscle that is immobile called?

Flexion

Insertion

Contraction

Origin (correct)

Which movement increases the angle between the origin and the insertion?

Flexion

Inversion

Adduction

Extension (correct)

What is the term for the movement of a body part towards the midline?

Adduction (correct)

Eversion

Abduction

Circumduction

Which term describes a movement around the long axis of a bone?

Rotation Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe a joint that holds teeth in the mandible?

Gomphosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the lateral movement of the feet outward?

Eversion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following joints is characterized by having no joint cavity?

Cartilaginous joint Signup and view all the answers

Which joint disorder involves excessive stretching or tearing away of ligaments?

Sprain Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the condition where bones connect at their surfaces via fibrous bands?

Adhesion Signup and view all the answers

Which is a type of synovial joint that allows movement in multiple directions?

Ball and socket joint Signup and view all the answers

What classification is given to joints that are mostly immovable?

Synarthroses Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms is used to describe the growth of bone tissue where it does not typically grow?

Spur Signup and view all the answers

What is the movement called when the hand or palm turns from the anatomical position crossing the ulna and the radius?

Pronation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cartilage is found in synchondroses?

Hyaline cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ligaments in synovial joints?

To connect bones across a joint Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used for the downward movement of the toes, such as when standing on tiptoes?

Plantar flexion Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint connects bones with irregular edges and is immovable?

Suture Signup and view all the answers

What feature characterizes all synovial joints?

Presence of synovial fluid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a hinge joint?

Elbow Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the pubic symphysis classified as?

Cartilaginous joint Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Articulations

Articulations are joints that allow for flexibility and hold bones together.
They can be classified structurally or functionally.

Structural Classifications

Fibrous joints are held together by fibrous tissues.
- They are mostly synarthrotic (immovable joints).
- Sutures: Interlocked bones with short connective tissue fibers (e.g. skull).
- Syndesmoses: Bones connected by short ligaments (e.g. tibia and fibula).
  - Slightly movable joints.
- Gomphosis: Holds teeth in the mandible via periodontal ligament.
  - Immovable.
Cartilaginous joints are connected by cartilage.
- They have no joint cavity.
- Symphyses: Bones connected by fibrocartilage (e.g., pubic symphysis).
  - Slightly movable joints.
- Synchondroses: Bones connected by hyaline cartilage (e.g., epiphyseal plates in children).
  - Immovable.
Synovial joints have bones separated by a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid.
- They are diarthrotic (freely movable) joints.
- Characteristics:
  - Articular capsule: Two layers (fibrous and synovial membrane).
  - Articular cartilage: Hyaline cartilage on bone surfaces.
  - Ligaments: Hold bones of the joint together.
  - Bursae: Fluid-filled sacs.
  - Articular discs (meniscus): Padding between articulating bones.
- Types:
  - Plane (gliding): Example: intercarpal joints.
  - Hinge: Example: elbow.
  - Pivot: Example: atlas/axis.
  - Condyloid: Example: metacarpalphalangeal joints.
  - Saddle: Example: metacarpal/carpal.
  - Ball and socket: Example: shoulder or hip.

Functional Classifications

Synarthroses: Immovable joints.
Amphiarthroses: Slightly movable joints.
Diarthroses: Freely movable joints.

Muscle Attachments & Movements

Origin: Immobile point of muscle attachment.
Insertion: Movable point of muscle attachment.
Contraction: Insertion moves toward the origin.

Synovial Joint Movements

Flexion: Decreases the angle between the origin and insertion.
Extension: Increases the angle between the origin and insertion.
Abduction: Movement away from the midline.
Adduction: Movement towards the midline.
Rotation: Movement around the long axis of a bone.
Circumduction: Movement in a cone shape around the long axis of a bone.
Pronation: Turning the hand (palm) from anatomical position, crossing the ulna and radius.
Supination: Returning the hand to the anatomical position, ulna and radius parallel.

Foot Movements

Inversion: Turning the foot medially (inward).
Eversion: Turning the foot laterally (outward).
Dorsiflexion: Moving the foot upward.
Plantar flexion: Moving the toes downward (on tip-toes).

Joint Disorders

Sprain: Excessive stretching or tearing of ligaments supporting a joint.
Dislocation: Bones forced out of their normal position.
Adhesion: Bones connected by fibrous bands in joints.
Spur: An extraneous growth of bone tissue where it doesn't typically grow.

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Description

Explore the fascinating world of articulations through this quiz. Learn about the different types of joints, their structural classifications, and their functions in the human body. Test your understanding of fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints.