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Articulation vs. Phonological Disorders Quiz
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Articulation vs. Phonological Disorders Quiz

Created by
@RSLP2024TOP9

Questions and Answers

What purpose does testing age repetition rates serve in speech assessment?

  • To measure the frequency of speech errors.
  • To evaluate vocabulary usage.
  • To assess a patient's motor planning abilities. (correct)
  • To identify fluency disorders.

    • What does the SODA acronym stand for in speech error analysis?

  • Substitution, Omission, Distortion, Addition. (correct)
  • Sound, Overlap, Distortion, Adjustment.
  • Sequential, Omission, Dislocation, Addition.
  • Speech, Order, Development, Analysis.

    • In speech sampling, what is the significance of assessing phonemes in initial, medial, and final positions?

  • To assess the use of vocabulary in context.
  • To ensure comprehensive assessment of phonetic inventory. (correct)
  • To evaluate the patient's fluency and rhythm.
  • To determine the loudness of speech production.

    • How is the Percentage of Correct Consonants (PCC) used in speech assessment?

    <p>To evaluate the severity of a patient's speech error.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which speech sampling method utilizes passages containing all English phonemes?

    <p>Reading or imitation passages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates a phonological disorder when two or more phonemes are represented by the same production?

    <p>Lack of phonological awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor signals an articulation disorder regarding the preservation of phonemic contrast?

    <p>Heavy preservation of contrast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of articulation disorders in sound production?

    <p>Consistent errors in sound production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is assessed for symmetry and size during an oral-peripheral mechanism (OPM) assessment?

    <p>Lips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be evaluated regarding the jaw during an OPM assessment?

    <p>Symmetry and deviation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During an OPM assessment, what does diadochokinesis (DDK) evaluate?

    <p>Range and speed of movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect does not directly relate to the physiology assessed during an OPM assessment?

    <p>Speech production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic during the OPM assessment specifically relates to the hard palate?

    <p>Shape and width assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates a phonological disorder?

    <p>Two or more phonemes represented by the same production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heavy preservation of phonemic contrast suggests a phonological disorder.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are OPM structures primarily assessed for?

    <p>Integrity and function in producing speech sounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During an OPM assessment, the _______ is evaluated for symmetry, deviation, and size.

    <p>tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following OPM structures with their assessments:

    <p>Lips = Pursing and puffing Jaws = Elevation and depression Tongue = Protrusion and lateralization Hard Palate = Shape and width</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following indicates an articulation disorder?

    <p>Generalized inadequate learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diadochokinesis (DDK) is assessed through spontaneous speech production.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'speech' assess in OPM evaluations?

    <p>Function of structures in actual speech production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _______ is checked for velar movement by saying the vowel sound /a/.

    <p>soft palate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific feature is assessed in the teeth during an OPM assessment?

    <p>Alignment and health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In speech production analysis, what is the primary purpose of eliciting a speech sample?

    <p>To assess the patient's daily use of speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phonetic inventory includes only the phonemes that a patient can produce in the medial position.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does PCC stand for in speech assessment?

    <p>Percentage of Correct Consonants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The SODA acronym stands for _______, ________, ________, and _______ in speech error analysis.

    <p>Substitution, Omission, Distortion, Addition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the speech assessment methods with their descriptions:

    <p>Grandfather Passage = Contains all phonemes utilized in English Rainbow Passage = Contains all phonemes utilized in English Delayed imitation = Involves repeating speech after a pause Conversational sampling = Represents natural speech in context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage range indicates a moderate/severe error according to PCC severity equivalence?

    <p>50%-65%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stimulability refers to a patient's ability to produce sounds correctly in all contexts.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List the three positions in which phonemes should be assessed.

    <p>Initial, medial, final</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The assessment of a patient's ability for motor planning is done through successive and ________ articulatory movement.

    <p>alternating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of speech sample elicitation helps to assess phonemes across different contexts?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a typical characteristic of articulation disorders?

    <p>Consistent errors in sound production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Emerging context sounds indicate a lack of stimulability in articulation disorders.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does DDK assess during an OPM evaluation?

    <p>Diadochokinesis assesses the speed and accuracy of rapid alternating movements of speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of assessing age repetition rates in speech assessment?

    <p>To determine motor planning ability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Grandfather Passage and Rainbow Passage are used to elicit speech samples containing select phonemes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _______ is evaluated for symmetry and deviation during an oral-peripheral mechanism assessment.

    <p>jaw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following OPM structures with their assessments:

    <p>Lips = Pursing and puffing Tongue = Protrusion and lateralization Soft Palate = Velar movement during sound production Teeth = Alignment and presence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four aspects classified under the SODA acronym in error analysis?

    <p>Substitution, Omission, Distortion, Addition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phonetic inventory includes all phonemes a patient can produce in ________ position.

    <p>all</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is indicative of a preservation of phonemic contrast?

    <p>Consistent sound production across contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Peripheral motor-based problems indicate the presence of a phonological disorder.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which percentage range denotes a mild/moderate error in the Percentage of Correct Consonants (PCC)?

    <p>65%-85%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of evaluating the hard palate during an OPM assessment?

    <p>To assess its shape, width, and presence of scarring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following speech sampling methods with their descriptions:

    <p>Reading = Elicits speech through a written text Conversations = Engages natural dialogue exchange Delayed imitation = Requires repetition after a model Picture/Toy stimuli = Uses visuals to prompt speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stimulability refers to a patient's ability to produce sounds correctly in specific contexts only.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _______ cavity should be checked for appropriate anatomical integrity during OPM assessment.

    <p>nasal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best indicates an articulation disorder?

    <p>Generalized inadequate learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify one method used for eliciting speech samples.

    <p>Conversations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Successful assessment of a patient's phonetic inventory helps in determining their ________ ability.

    <p>articulatory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates a mild severity level in the Percentage of Correct Consonants (PCC)?

    <p>85%-100%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is assessed in the hard palate during an OPM assessment?

    <p>Shape and width</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement is specifically evaluated through diadochokinesis (DDK) for the tongue?

    <p>Protrusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature should be evaluated when checking the symmetry of lips during an OPM assessment?

    <p>Size and retraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect does the mobility assessment focus on during an OPM evaluation?

    <p>Range and accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological aspect should be assessed for the jaw in an OPM evaluation?

    <p>Mobility and elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the assessment of the soft palate focus on during the OPM process?

    <p>Velar movement and width</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When checking the teeth during an OPM assessment, what specific issue should be evaluated?

    <p>Alignment and wear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which motor control aspect is evaluated during the OPM assessment?

    <p>Motor planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does checking for 'puffing of cheeks' assess in relation to the soft palate?

    <p>Oral pressure management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Differential Diagnosis: Articulation vs. Phonological Disorder

    • Phonological disorders may manifest as multiple phonemes produced as the same sound (e.g., /t/ for /s/ and /ʃ/).
    • Lack of phonemic contrast indicates phonological awareness issues.
    • Preservation of phonemic contrast occurs across prevocalic, intervocalic, and postvocalic positions.
    • Heavy preservation suggests an articulation disorder rather than a phonological one.
    • Consistent poor learning patterns are characteristic of articulation disorders.
    • Emerging or easy context sounds affect the assessment of articulation disorders, considering sound stimulability with articulation techniques.

    OPM Structures in Speech Production

    • OPM (Oral-Peripheral Mechanism) structures are vital for speech sound production.
    • Assess structure integrity and functionality as related to speech production.

    Structures to Assess in OPM

    • Lips: Check symmetry, size, movement (retraction, pursing), and performance on DDK (e.g., /puh/).
    • Jaws: Assess symmetry and deviations, including movements such as elevation and lateralization.
    • Teeth: Examine alignment and dental issues.
    • Tongue: Evaluate symmetry, size, movement, and DDK (e.g., /tuh/).
    • Hard Palate: Observe shape, width, and any scarring.
    • Soft Palate and Velopharyngeal Closure: Check velar movement and air pressure retention during speech tasks.
    • Nasal Cavity: Can influence speech production quality.

    OPM Assessment Considerations

    • Anatomy: Analyze facial structure, bones, and symmetry.
    • Structure: Evaluate appearance, tone, and size in relation to age and sex.
    • Physiology: Focus on range of motion, strength, motor control, and sensation.
    • Mobility: Test speed, accuracy, and diadochokinesis (DDK).
    • Speech Function: Assess articulation and motor planning through structured speech tasks.

    Normal DDK Rates

    • Standard rates vary by age; important for assessing motor planning capabilities.
    • Rates include specific sounds /p^/, /t^/, /k^/ for different age groups.

    Speech Production Analysis

    • Speech sampling is crucial for understanding a patient's daily speech usage.
    • Sources of stimuli can include pictures, word lists, and conversational samples.
    • Each phoneme should be assessed in initial, medial, and final positions.
    • Nature of errors can be categorized using SODA (Substitution, Omission, Distortion, Addition).
    • Essential data includes:
      • Phonetic inventory for produced phonemes.
      • Evaluating stimulability.
      • Identifying errors and deciding on intervention techniques.

    Speech Sample Elicitation Methods

    • Reading passages (e.g., Grandfather Passage) covers all phonemes.
    • Use of conversations and toys as stimuli for natural speech elicitation.
    • Delayed imitation can also provide valuable sample data.

    Percentage of Correct Consonants (PCC)

    • Used to gauge severity of articulation errors.
    • PCC scale:
      • 85%-100% = Mild
      • 65%-85% = Mild/Moderate
      • 50%-65% = Moderate/Severe

    Differential Diagnosis: Articulation vs. Phonological Disorder

    • Phonological disorders may manifest as multiple phonemes produced as the same sound (e.g., /t/ for /s/ and /ʃ/).
    • Lack of phonemic contrast indicates phonological awareness issues.
    • Preservation of phonemic contrast occurs across prevocalic, intervocalic, and postvocalic positions.
    • Heavy preservation suggests an articulation disorder rather than a phonological one.
    • Consistent poor learning patterns are characteristic of articulation disorders.
    • Emerging or easy context sounds affect the assessment of articulation disorders, considering sound stimulability with articulation techniques.

    OPM Structures in Speech Production

    • OPM (Oral-Peripheral Mechanism) structures are vital for speech sound production.
    • Assess structure integrity and functionality as related to speech production.

    Structures to Assess in OPM

    • Lips: Check symmetry, size, movement (retraction, pursing), and performance on DDK (e.g., /puh/).
    • Jaws: Assess symmetry and deviations, including movements such as elevation and lateralization.
    • Teeth: Examine alignment and dental issues.
    • Tongue: Evaluate symmetry, size, movement, and DDK (e.g., /tuh/).
    • Hard Palate: Observe shape, width, and any scarring.
    • Soft Palate and Velopharyngeal Closure: Check velar movement and air pressure retention during speech tasks.
    • Nasal Cavity: Can influence speech production quality.

    OPM Assessment Considerations

    • Anatomy: Analyze facial structure, bones, and symmetry.
    • Structure: Evaluate appearance, tone, and size in relation to age and sex.
    • Physiology: Focus on range of motion, strength, motor control, and sensation.
    • Mobility: Test speed, accuracy, and diadochokinesis (DDK).
    • Speech Function: Assess articulation and motor planning through structured speech tasks.

    Normal DDK Rates

    • Standard rates vary by age; important for assessing motor planning capabilities.
    • Rates include specific sounds /p^/, /t^/, /k^/ for different age groups.

    Speech Production Analysis

    • Speech sampling is crucial for understanding a patient's daily speech usage.
    • Sources of stimuli can include pictures, word lists, and conversational samples.
    • Each phoneme should be assessed in initial, medial, and final positions.
    • Nature of errors can be categorized using SODA (Substitution, Omission, Distortion, Addition).
    • Essential data includes:
      • Phonetic inventory for produced phonemes.
      • Evaluating stimulability.
      • Identifying errors and deciding on intervention techniques.

    Speech Sample Elicitation Methods

    • Reading passages (e.g., Grandfather Passage) covers all phonemes.
    • Use of conversations and toys as stimuli for natural speech elicitation.
    • Delayed imitation can also provide valuable sample data.

    Percentage of Correct Consonants (PCC)

    • Used to gauge severity of articulation errors.
    • PCC scale:
      • 85%-100% = Mild
      • 65%-85% = Mild/Moderate
      • 50%-65% = Moderate/Severe

    Differential Diagnosis: Articulation vs. Phonological Disorder

    • Phonological disorders may manifest as multiple phonemes produced as the same sound (e.g., /t/ for /s/ and /ʃ/).
    • Lack of phonemic contrast indicates phonological awareness issues.
    • Preservation of phonemic contrast occurs across prevocalic, intervocalic, and postvocalic positions.
    • Heavy preservation suggests an articulation disorder rather than a phonological one.
    • Consistent poor learning patterns are characteristic of articulation disorders.
    • Emerging or easy context sounds affect the assessment of articulation disorders, considering sound stimulability with articulation techniques.

    OPM Structures in Speech Production

    • OPM (Oral-Peripheral Mechanism) structures are vital for speech sound production.
    • Assess structure integrity and functionality as related to speech production.

    Structures to Assess in OPM

    • Lips: Check symmetry, size, movement (retraction, pursing), and performance on DDK (e.g., /puh/).
    • Jaws: Assess symmetry and deviations, including movements such as elevation and lateralization.
    • Teeth: Examine alignment and dental issues.
    • Tongue: Evaluate symmetry, size, movement, and DDK (e.g., /tuh/).
    • Hard Palate: Observe shape, width, and any scarring.
    • Soft Palate and Velopharyngeal Closure: Check velar movement and air pressure retention during speech tasks.
    • Nasal Cavity: Can influence speech production quality.

    OPM Assessment Considerations

    • Anatomy: Analyze facial structure, bones, and symmetry.
    • Structure: Evaluate appearance, tone, and size in relation to age and sex.
    • Physiology: Focus on range of motion, strength, motor control, and sensation.
    • Mobility: Test speed, accuracy, and diadochokinesis (DDK).
    • Speech Function: Assess articulation and motor planning through structured speech tasks.

    Normal DDK Rates

    • Standard rates vary by age; important for assessing motor planning capabilities.
    • Rates include specific sounds /p^/, /t^/, /k^/ for different age groups.

    Speech Production Analysis

    • Speech sampling is crucial for understanding a patient's daily speech usage.
    • Sources of stimuli can include pictures, word lists, and conversational samples.
    • Each phoneme should be assessed in initial, medial, and final positions.
    • Nature of errors can be categorized using SODA (Substitution, Omission, Distortion, Addition).
    • Essential data includes:
      • Phonetic inventory for produced phonemes.
      • Evaluating stimulability.
      • Identifying errors and deciding on intervention techniques.

    Speech Sample Elicitation Methods

    • Reading passages (e.g., Grandfather Passage) covers all phonemes.
    • Use of conversations and toys as stimuli for natural speech elicitation.
    • Delayed imitation can also provide valuable sample data.

    Percentage of Correct Consonants (PCC)

    • Used to gauge severity of articulation errors.
    • PCC scale:
      • 85%-100% = Mild
      • 65%-85% = Mild/Moderate
      • 50%-65% = Moderate/Severe

    OPM Structures and Speech Production

    • OPM (Oral Peripheral Mechanism) structures play a crucial role in producing speech sounds.
    • Integrity and function of these structures must be assessed to evaluate speech capabilities.

    Structures to Evaluate in OPM Assessment

    • Lips

      • Check for symmetry, size, and any syndromic conditions (e.g., CLAP).
      • Assess movements: retraction, pursing, pucker, puffing.
      • Diadochokinetic (DDK) task: /puh/.
      • Speech sounds: /p, b, m/.

    • Jaws

      • Evaluate symmetry and deviation, noting malocclusions or effects of cerebral palsy.
      • Assess elevation, depression, and lateralization of the jaw.

    • Teeth

      • No specific details provided; assessment should consider alignment and health.

    • Tongue

      • Observe symmetry, deviation, and size; important for conditions like Cerebral Palsy and Down Syndrome.
      • Check movements: protrusion, retraction, and lateralization.
      • DDK task: /tuh/.
      • Speech sounds: /t, d, n/.

    • Hard Palate

      • Examine shape and width for abnormalities.
      • Look for any scarring indicating past injury or conditions (e.g., CLAP).

    • Soft Palate and Velopharyngeal Closure

      • Evaluate velar movement when pronouncing /a/.
      • Note if movement is interrupted or sustained.
      • DDK task: /kuh/.
      • Puffing of cheeks tests velar closure and oral pressure; include variation with tongue protrusion.

    • Nasal Cavity

      • General assessment on the nasal cavity's openness and functionality.

    Key Assessment Focus Areas

    • Anatomy

      • Examine the appearance of facial bones, tissues, and overall symmetry.

    • Structure

      • Assess appearance, tone, and size in relation to age and sex.

    • Physiology

      • Although not speech-related, note range of motion, strength, precision, motor control, speed, and sensation.

    • Mobility

      • Evaluate range, speed, and accuracy of movements.
      • Conduct diadochokinesis tests to assess speed and fluidity.

    • Strength

      • Measure resistance to pressure, endurance, steadiness, and effective motor planning.

    • Speech Function

      • Determine how these structures function during actual speech production, focusing on articulation and DDK tasks.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the differential diagnosis between articulation and phonological disorders. It emphasizes key characteristics such as phoneme preservation and awareness, helping learners understand the distinctions between these speech-related issues.

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