Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Sampling

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Questions and Answers

Which artery is typically the first choice for arterial blood gas sampling due to its safety profile?

  • Femoral artery
  • Radial artery (correct)
  • Ulnar artery
  • Brachial artery

What is the primary reason the femoral artery is the least common choice for arterial blood gas sampling?

  • It is located too deep within the tissue.
  • The blood flow is not sufficient for accurate analysis.
  • It lacks collateral circulation and is close to a major vein. (correct)
  • It is too small to easily access.

Why is it important to perform a modified Allen's test prior to radial artery puncture?

  • To evaluate the adequacy of ulnar artery circulation. (correct)
  • To assess the patient's level of anxiety.
  • To determine the patient's pain tolerance.
  • To ensure the artery is free of thrombi.

What could be a significant risk when puncturing the brachial artery for blood gas sampling?

<p>Damage to surrounding veins and nerves due to its proximity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions helps minimize the risk of complications during arterial blood gas sampling?

<p>Performing a modified Allen’s test to assess collateral circulation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is timely analysis of an arterial blood gas sample critical?

<p>To avoid changes in blood gas values due to ongoing metabolic activity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using specialized plastic syringes for arterial blood gas sampling?

<p>To minimize the risk of air bubbles affecting the sample. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common potential complication associated with repeated arterial punctures at the same site?

<p>Formation of thrombi or emboli. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In infant capillary blood gas sampling, where is the preferred site for obtaining the sample?

<p>The infant's heel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can significantly affect the accuracy of arterial blood gas results?

<p>Presence of air bubbles in the sample. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done immediately after obtaining an arterial blood gas sample to ensure accuracy?

<p>Cap the syringe, remove any air bubbles, and mix the sample. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery presents the greatest risk of neurological damage during arterial puncture?

<p>Brachial artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When performing a capillary blood gas sample on an infant’s heel, what is the purpose of warming the site beforehand?

<p>To increase arterial blood flow to the area (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In arterial blood gas sampling, what is the purpose of using an anticoagulant, such as heparin?

<p>To prevent the blood from clotting in the syringe. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does patient anxiety potentially affect arterial blood gas results?

<p>It may increase the patient’s respiratory rate and decrease PaCO2. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does pulse oximetry primarily assess in the context of arterial blood gas sampling?

<p>The adequacy of collateral circulation in the hand. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following steps is crucial in preparing the puncture site for arterial blood gas sampling?

<p>Palpating the puncture site and cleaning with an alcohol prep pad. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is more likely to form in the femoral artery compared to the radial or brachial arteries?

<p>Atherosclerotic plaques (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the size of the artery a significant consideration when choosing a site for arterial blood gas sampling?

<p>A larger artery is easier to locate and puncture. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient has inadequate ulnar collateral circulation during a modified Allen's test, what is the next appropriate step?

<p>Choose an alternative site for arterial puncture. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a direct consequence of arterial vessel spasm following an arterial puncture?

<p>Reduced blood flow and potential ischemia. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct angle of insertion for a needle when performing a radial arterial puncture?

<p>30-45 degrees (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for avoiding venous sampling when arterial blood gas analysis is required?

<p>Venous blood reflects tissue metabolism rather than lung function. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What immediate action should be taken if a hematoma begins to form at the arterial puncture site?

<p>Apply direct pressure to the site. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which patient population is capillary blood gas sampling most commonly used for?

<p>Infants and small children (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended maximum time delay for analyzing an arterial blood gas sample kept at room temperature?

<p>10 minutes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might the PaO2 result from a capillary blood gas sample not be as accurate as that from an arterial sample?

<p>Capillary blood is a mixture of arterial and venous blood. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential impact of a thrombus or embolus formation following arterial puncture?

<p>Impaired blood flow leading to ischemia or tissue damage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the correct procedure for mixing an arterial blood gas sample after collection?

<p>Rolling the syringe gently between the palms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could cause a falsely low PaCO2 reading in an arterial blood gas sample?

<p>An air bubble in the sample. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct procedure to follow if you accidentally obtain a venous sample instead of an arterial sample?

<p>Discard the sample and obtain a new arterial sample. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After performing an arterial puncture, what is the recommended duration for applying direct pressure to the site to prevent hematoma formation?

<p>5-10 minutes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of arterial blood gas sampling, what does the term 'collateral circulation' refer to?

<p>The ability of other arteries to supply blood to an area if one is blocked. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential impact of excessive heparin in an arterial blood gas sample?

<p>Falsely lowered pH and PaCO2 values (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should be documented after performing an arterial blood gas puncture?

<p>The puncture site, the patient's tolerance of the procedure, and any complications. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main limitation of using capillary blood gas sampling compared to arterial blood gas sampling?

<p>Capillary samples provide less accurate PaO2 values. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient becomes lightheaded and diaphoretic during an arterial puncture. What is the most appropriate immediate action?

<p>Stop the procedure, monitor the patient's vital signs, and provide support. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best way to prevent preanalytical errors in arterial blood gas sampling?

<p>Ensuring proper technique in sample collection and handling. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant consideration when choosing the brachial artery for arterial blood gas sampling compared to the radial artery?

<p>The brachial artery lacks reliable collateral circulation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor most significantly increases the risk of complications associated with femoral arterial blood gas sampling?

<p>The common presence of atherosclerotic plaques in the femoral artery. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for performing a modified Allen's test before arterial puncture, and how does pulse oximetry relate to this test?

<p>To evaluate the adequacy of ulnar collateral circulation; pulse oximetry assists in this assessment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A blood gas sample is obtained and the results are delayed due to lab unavailability. How does this delay most significantly affect the accuracy of the blood gas results, and what is the recommended action to mitigate this?

<p>Decreases the pH due to ongoing metabolic activity; analyze the sample within 10 minutes or place it on ice. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of infant capillary blood gas sampling, what is the MOST crucial step to ensure accurate assessment of oxygenation, and why?

<p>Warming the puncture site prior to sampling, as this improves arterial blood flow to the capillary bed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Radial Artery

Located in the wrist on the radial side, offering safety due to collateral circulation.

Brachial Artery

Large artery size but close proximity to a large vein and nerve with no collateral circulation.

Femoral Artery

Large size, easily palpated, but close to a major vein, lacks collateral circulation, and may have atherosclerotic plaques.

Potential Complications of Arterial Blood Gas Sampling

Includes vessel spasm, thrombi/emboli formation, infection, loss of blood flow/circulation.

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Modified Allen’s Test

Used to determine the adequacy of circulation from the ulnar artery before arterial puncture.

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Pulse Oximetry

Used to assess collateral circulation of the hand.

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Sampling Syringes

Specialized plastic syringes used for arterial sampling.

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Blood gas sampling issues

Bubbles in sample, delay in analysis, improper anticoagulant, venous sampling, and patient anxiety.

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Capillary Blood Gas

Obtained from an infant’s heel (heel stick) or from the finger.

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Puncture Preparation

Perform the modified Allen’s test and palpate the puncture site.

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Study Notes

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