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Questions and Answers
What is the condition noted by ABG with pH > 7.45 and HCO3 > 26?
What is the condition noted by ABG with pH > 7.45 and HCO3 > 26?
- Respiratory Acidosis
- Respiratory Alkalosis
- Metabolic Alkalosis (correct)
- Metabolic Acidosis
What does ABG show for metabolic acidosis?
What does ABG show for metabolic acidosis?
- pH > 7.45 and HCO3 > 26
- pH 7.35 to 7.45
- pH > 7.45 and PaCO2 > 45 mmHg
- pH < 7.35 and HCO3 < 22 (correct)
What is indicated by a pH > 7.45 and PaCO2 < 35 mmHg?
What is indicated by a pH > 7.45 and PaCO2 < 35 mmHg?
- Metabolic Alkalosis
- Respiratory Alkalosis (correct)
- Respiratory Acidosis
- Metabolic Acidosis
What is the normal range for phosphate?
What is the normal range for phosphate?
What is the normal range for chloride?
What is the normal range for chloride?
What does pH of 7.40 indicate?
What does pH of 7.40 indicate?
A pH of < 7.35 indicates acidosis?
A pH of < 7.35 indicates acidosis?
A condition with HCO3 and CO2 in opposite directions indicates a metabolic problem?
A condition with HCO3 and CO2 in opposite directions indicates a metabolic problem?
What does HC03 indicate when it is greater than 26?
What does HC03 indicate when it is greater than 26?
Match the following phrases with their definitions:
Match the following phrases with their definitions:
Study Notes
Metabolic Alkalosis
- Defined by ABG results showing pH > 7.45 and HCO3 > 26
- Common causes include vomiting, gastric fluid loss, urinary acidosis, diuretic use, and compensation for hypoventilation in COPD
Metabolic Acidosis
- Identified by ABG results showing pH < 7.35 and HCO3 < 22
- Etiology includes HCO3 loss (through diarrhea, pancreatic/biliary fluid loss), acid ingestion, uremia, diabetic ketoacidosis, and substance overdoses (alcohol, ethylene glycol, methanol)
Respiratory Alkalosis
- Characterized by ABG results showing pH > 7.45 and PaCO2 < 35 mmHg
- Potential causes encompass airway obstruction, obstructive airway diseases, thoracic trauma, and narcotic/sedative overdose
Normal Laboratory Values
- Phosphate: 2.5 to 4.5 mg/L
- Chloride: 95 to 108 mEq/L
- Calcium: 8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL
- Sodium: 135 to 145 mEq/L
- Magnesium: 1.5 to 2.5 mEq/L
- Potassium (K+): 3.5 to 5 mEq/L
Hypervolemia
- Defined as fluid volume excess
- Symptoms include increased blood pressure, edema, and headaches
- Management may involve diuretics and electrolytes as needed
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Values
- pH Normal Range: 7.35 to 7.45
- PaCO2 Normal Range: 35 to 45 mmHg
- HCO3 Normal Range: 22 to 26 mEq/L
Compensation and Imbalance Indicators
- Abnormal pH and PaCO2 in opposite directions indicate a respiratory problem
- Abnormal pH and HCO3 in the same direction indicate a metabolic problem
- Both HCO3 and PaCO2 in the same direction suggest compensation for abnormal pH
- Both HCO3 and PaCO2 in opposite directions indicate mixed imbalances
pH Interpretation
- PaCO2 > 45 mmHg indicates respiratory acidosis
- PaCO2 < 35 mmHg indicates respiratory alkalosis
- HCO3 > 26 reflects metabolic alkalosis
- pH < 7.35 indicates acidosis; > 7.45 indicates alkalosis; exactly 7.40 represents normal pH
Classification of Compensation
- pH between 7.35 and 7.45 indicates compensated state
- pH < 7.35 or > 7.45 signifies uncompensated state
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Description
This quiz covers key definitions related to arterial blood gas (ABG) values, including metabolic alkalosis and metabolic acidosis. Each flashcard provides essential information on pH levels and bicarbonate values, along with their etiologies. Perfect for nursing and medical students preparing for exams.
