Arterial Blood Gas Values Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the condition noted by ABG with pH > 7.45 and HCO3 > 26?

Respiratory Acidosis

Respiratory Alkalosis

Metabolic Alkalosis (correct)

Metabolic Acidosis

What does ABG show for metabolic acidosis?

pH > 7.45 and HCO3 > 26

pH 7.35 to 7.45

pH > 7.45 and PaCO2 > 45 mmHg

pH < 7.35 and HCO3 < 22 (correct)

What is indicated by a pH > 7.45 and PaCO2 < 35 mmHg?

Metabolic Alkalosis

Respiratory Alkalosis (correct)

Respiratory Acidosis

Metabolic Acidosis

What is the normal range for phosphate?

2.5 to 4.5 mg/L Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for chloride?

95 to 108 mEq/L Signup and view all the answers

What does pH of 7.40 indicate?

Exactly Normal Signup and view all the answers

A pH of < 7.35 indicates acidosis?

True Signup and view all the answers

A condition with HCO3 and CO2 in opposite directions indicates a metabolic problem?

False Signup and view all the answers

What does HC03 indicate when it is greater than 26?

Metabolic Alkalosis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following phrases with their definitions:

WNL = Within Normal Limits Respiratory Acidosis = CO2 > 45 indicates Respiratory Alkalosis = CO2 < 35 indicates Acidosis = pH < 7.35 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Metabolic Alkalosis

Defined by ABG results showing pH > 7.45 and HCO3 > 26
Common causes include vomiting, gastric fluid loss, urinary acidosis, diuretic use, and compensation for hypoventilation in COPD

Metabolic Acidosis

Identified by ABG results showing pH < 7.35 and HCO3 < 22
Etiology includes HCO3 loss (through diarrhea, pancreatic/biliary fluid loss), acid ingestion, uremia, diabetic ketoacidosis, and substance overdoses (alcohol, ethylene glycol, methanol)

Respiratory Alkalosis

Characterized by ABG results showing pH > 7.45 and PaCO2 < 35 mmHg
Potential causes encompass airway obstruction, obstructive airway diseases, thoracic trauma, and narcotic/sedative overdose

Normal Laboratory Values

Phosphate: 2.5 to 4.5 mg/L
Chloride: 95 to 108 mEq/L
Calcium: 8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL
Sodium: 135 to 145 mEq/L
Magnesium: 1.5 to 2.5 mEq/L
Potassium (K+): 3.5 to 5 mEq/L

Hypervolemia

Defined as fluid volume excess
Symptoms include increased blood pressure, edema, and headaches
Management may involve diuretics and electrolytes as needed

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Values

pH Normal Range: 7.35 to 7.45
PaCO2 Normal Range: 35 to 45 mmHg
HCO3 Normal Range: 22 to 26 mEq/L

Compensation and Imbalance Indicators

Abnormal pH and PaCO2 in opposite directions indicate a respiratory problem
Abnormal pH and HCO3 in the same direction indicate a metabolic problem
Both HCO3 and PaCO2 in the same direction suggest compensation for abnormal pH
Both HCO3 and PaCO2 in opposite directions indicate mixed imbalances

pH Interpretation

PaCO2 > 45 mmHg indicates respiratory acidosis
PaCO2 < 35 mmHg indicates respiratory alkalosis
HCO3 > 26 reflects metabolic alkalosis
pH < 7.35 indicates acidosis; > 7.45 indicates alkalosis; exactly 7.40 represents normal pH

Classification of Compensation

pH between 7.35 and 7.45 indicates compensated state
pH < 7.35 or > 7.45 signifies uncompensated state

Description

This quiz covers key definitions related to arterial blood gas (ABG) values, including metabolic alkalosis and metabolic acidosis. Each flashcard provides essential information on pH levels and bicarbonate values, along with their etiologies. Perfect for nursing and medical students preparing for exams.