Art Appreciation: Etymology and Definition

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Questions and Answers

What does the Pakudos resemble?

Indic swastika

What materials were traditionally used for the fabric of the Manobo clothing?

Cotton

Hemp (correct)

Wool

Silk

Dyes for fabrics were obtained from the ______, tagum plant, and lamud tree.

turmeric root

What is the Sarimanok?

A stylized representation of an open-winged bird Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the T’nalak cloth?

It is a sacred cloth woven by the T'boli people. Signup and view all the answers

Who are considered stage performers?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

The tight-fitting upper garment worn by Subanen men is called the ______.

Sub Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for overseeing the technical aspects of a theater production?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What craft are the Tingguian people known for?

Bamboo crafts Signup and view all the answers

Who is known as the Grand Dame of Southeast Asian children's theater?

Amelia Lapeña-Bonifacio Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a film by Kidlat Tahimik?

Mababangong Bangungot Signup and view all the answers

Ryan Cayabyab is famous for his visual arts contributions.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which type of line represents upward or downward movement?

Vertical Lines Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary colors?

Red, Blue, Yellow Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is a type of stilt house indigenous to the cultures of the Philippines.

Bahay Kubo Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about contour lines?

They are used to create edges or ridges. Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of producing fabric by interlacing threads called?

Weaving Signup and view all the answers

Negative space refers to shapes and forms of art.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following techniques is NOT used to create emphasis in art?

Rotation Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the term 'art'?

The term 'art' is derived from the Latin term 'ars', which means skill, talent, or ability. Signup and view all the answers

Art is the expression of the creative skill and __________.

imagination Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a basic element of art?

Emotion Signup and view all the answers

What defines the value of color in art?

Value describes the brightness or darkness of color. Signup and view all the answers

Realism aims to depict subjects as they exist without interpretation.

True Signup and view all the answers

Match the following art movements with their characteristics:

Naturalism = Depiction of realistic objects in natural settings Romanticism = Reaction against aristocratic norms Impressionism = Focus on artistic freedom Cubism = Geometrical shapes and interlocking planes Signup and view all the answers

In two-dimensional art, the distinguishing dimensions are and .

width, height Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'non-representational art' refer to?

Non-representational art refers to compositions that do not rely on representation or mimesis. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of art?

Art as Financial Signup and view all the answers

List two sources of subjects in art.

Nature, People and World Events Signup and view all the answers

What significant contribution does the Order of National Artists award recognize?

Significant contributions to Philippine arts and letters Signup and view all the answers

What is a credit line in art?

A credit line includes the name of the artist, title of the work, year made, medium, size dimensions, and location. Signup and view all the answers

The Insignia of the Order of National Artists includes a Grand Collar and a central medallion.

True Signup and view all the answers

What are the three philosophical themes in art?

Integrity, Proportion/Consonance, Radiance/Clarity Signup and view all the answers

In three-dimensional art, depth allows it to be viewed from __________ angles.

different Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following artists is known for their cartoons?

Lauro 'Larry' Alcala Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Etymology and Definition of Art

Art comes from the Latin term "ars," meaning skill, talent, or ability.
It represents the expression of creative skill and imagination.

Elements of Art

Line: One-dimensional path created by a point in space; varies in width, direction, and length.
Shape: Defines objects with two dimensions (height and width); typically outlined by lines.
Value: Indicates brightness or darkness of color; gradients show a range from dark to light.
Form: Three-dimensional objects with height, width, and depth.
Space: Indicates depth or three-dimensionality; involves area within the artwork.
Texture: Surface quality perceived through touch; can be hard, soft, rough, smooth, etc.
Color: Reflected light organized into a color wheel with primary, secondary, and intermediate colors.

History of Art Movements

Naturalism: Realistic depiction of objects in natural settings; practiced in the Florentine school.
Romanticism (1800): Reaction to industrialization; a revolt against political and social norms.
Impressionism (1820): Focused on artistic freedom after scrutiny from critics.
Realism (1850): Depicts subjects as they objectively exist; avoids interpretation.
Symbolism (1860): Movement emphasizing symbolic meaning in art and poetry.
Art Nouveau (1890): Transitional style between historicism and modernism, featuring natural forms.
Expressionism: Art focused on emotional experience, reflecting symbolist influences.
Cubism (1907): Art formed from geometrical shapes and interlocking planes.
Dada (1916): Art questioning traditional meaning by using simple objects.
Surrealism (1920s): Dream-inspired art depicting bizarre and mysterious images.
Pop Art (1950): Based on modern popular culture and mass media.

Functions of Art

Personal: Artists express themselves or communicate thoughts.
Social: Addresses collective life aspects, relatable to viewers.
Physical: Created for specific practical functions, such as tools or weapons.

Three Philosophical Themes in Art

Integrity: Faithfulness to one's principles.
Proportion/Consonance: Balance and consistency among elements.
Radiance/Clarity: Impact and significance of art on viewers.

Subjects of Art

Representational Art: Depicts reality as seen.
Non-Representational Art: Departs from realistic representation.

Sources and Kinds of Subjects

Nature, people and world events, myths, spiritual beliefs, commissioned ideas.

Form and Composition

Two-dimensional Art: Defined by width and height; limited to the frame.
- Drawings: Created using instruments on a surface.
- Paintings: Involves applying color using brushes or tools.
Three-dimensional Art: Contains depth, viewed from multiple angles.
- Includes sculpture, assembling, modeling, carving, casting, crafts, and architecture.
Technological Media: Involves artworks created using new technologies like photography and computer graphics.

Content and Credit Line

Includes artist's name, artwork title, year made, medium, size, and location.

Steps in Art Analysis

Description: List questions to understand the artwork's elements.
Analysis: Identify design principles applied and artist's individual style.
Interpretation: Explore the artwork's message and its relevance.
Judgment: Assess the success and significance of the artwork.

Artist vs. Artisan

Artists create for emotional impact; artisans produce functional artistic products.

Performing Arts: Actors, musicians, dancers, choreographers.
Art and Creativity: Craft artists, multimedia artists, photographers.
Skills Needed: Organization, marketing, public relations, flexibility.

R.A. 7355 (Manlilikha ng Bayan Act)

Policy to preserve traditional folk arts and support artists.
Qualifications include mastery of skills and willingness to teach.

Ad Hoc Panel of Experts

A group of experts assists in selecting awardees for folk artists.

National Artists of the Philippines

Recognizes significant contributions to arts and letters.
Insignia consists of a Grand Collar and a medallion reflecting the Philippine flag.

Recent National Artists

Lauro Alcala: Renowned cartoonist known for "Slice of Life."
Amelia Lapeña-Bonifacio: Founder of children's theater in Southeast Asia.
Ryan Cayabyab: Acclaimed composer and musical director.
Kidlat Tahimik: Influential filmmaker known for "Mababangong Bangungot.”
Francisco T. Mañosa: Architect celebrated for Filipino designs.

Types of Line

Vertical: Movement up and down.
Horizontal: Movement left to right.
Diagonal: Slanted, creates rise or fall impression.
Zigzag: Combination of diagonal lines.
Curved: Lines with undefined direction.

Line and Value

Value is the degree of darkness or lightness in the artwork.### Expressions of Lines
Movement of Lines: Vertical lines symbolize permanence; horizontal lines convey strength; diagonal lines evoke instability, tension, or excitement; zigzag lines suggest confusion; curved lines represent activity.
Contour Lines: Used to define edges or ridges, enhancing the perception of shapes and forms.
Gesture Drawing: Captures expressive movements, emphasizing motion and emotion.
Calligraphy Drawing: Art of beautiful handwriting, combining art and letterform.

Shape, Form, and Space

Shape: Defined two-dimensional area, recognized by its outline.
Types of Shapes:
- Geometric shapes: Precisely measured with mathematical bases.
- Free-form shapes: Irregular, characterized by curves and angles.
Form: Three-dimensional aspects of shapes, including depth.
Space Types:
- Positive space: Actual shapes and forms.
- Negative space: Empty or unoccupied areas surrounding shapes.

Illusion of Depth

Gestalt Principles: Overlapping objects create depth; larger objects appear closer; lower placement of objects gives an impression of nearness; detailed objects seem nearer than those less detailed; bright colors suggest proximity; converging lines lead to a perception of distance.

Expressive Qualities of Shape, Form, and Space

Free-form shapes: Convey life, fluidity, and comfort.
Angular shapes: Depict sharp realities of the world.
Geometric shapes: Represent mechanical order and logic.

Color Theory

Primary Colors: Red, blue, yellow.
Secondary Colors: Created by mixing two primary colors.
Intermediate Colors: Formed by mixing a primary with a secondary color.
Value: Indicates lightness or darkness of a color.
Intensity: Measures the brightness or dullness of a hue.

Color Schemes

Monochromatic Colors: Variations of one color (hue, tints, shades).
Analogous Colors: Colors adjacent on the color wheel, promoting harmony.
Complementary Colors: Strong contrasting color pairs.
Color Triads: Three colors spaced evenly around the wheel.
Split Complements: A color combined with two adjacent to its complement.
Warm and Cool Colors: Warm colors include red, orange, yellow; cool colors include blue, green, violet.

Texture and Value

Rough vs. Smooth Textures: Rough textures feature uneven shadows; smooth textures appear formally shaded.
Matter vs. Shiny Textures: Matte surfaces reflect dull light; shiny surfaces glitter with reflected light.

Balance in Design

Formal Balance: Equal distribution of elements on either side of symmetry.
Radial Balance: Design radiating from a central point, like a mandala.
Informal Balance: A relaxed, less structured approach to composition.

Principles of Design

Proportion: Lines and elements create movement impressions; varies based on size.
Emphasis: Highlights specific aspects through color intensity, contour definition, etc.
Emphasis Techniques:
- Contrast: Differences in hues, intensity, and value.
- Isolation: Separating a subject from other elements.
- Location: Central positioning as the focal point.
- Convergence: Elements directing attention toward a focal point.
- Unusual: Unique approaches for emphasis.

Abstract/Non-Objective Arts

Created from unconventional images using shapes, colors, and gestural marks.

Installation Arts

Three-dimensional works, often site-specific, altering perception of space.
Includes various forms such as Body Installation and Land/Earth Installation.

Music in Art

Recognized as the highest form of performing art.
Functions include religious ceremonies, entertainment, socio-cultural events, and political campaigns.

Major Periods of Music Development

Medieval Period: Introduction of Gregorian chant, polyphony, and rhythmic modes.
Instruments: Include wind instruments, string instruments, and percussion.

Influential Figures of the Medieval Period

Pope Gregory the Great: Established Gregorian chant.
Guillaume de Machaut: Pioneered secular music.
Hildegard of Bingen: Notable composer and herbalist.

Musical Genres in Medieval Period

Religious music: Sacred themes like hymns.
Gospel music: Praise and worship in Christian contexts.

Renaissance Musical Instruments

Introduction of recorder, shawn, sackbut, lute, organ, and harpsichord.

Textile Art and Weaving

Uses fibers from plants, animals, or synthetics to create practical or decorative objects.
Fundamental cultural expression showcased through various techniques like crocheting, embroidery, knitting, and weaving.

Textile Production Process

Includes fiber production, yarn production, fabric production, pre-treatment, dyeing, printing, finishing, and manufacturing.

Philippine Traditional Motifs and Crafts

Diverse traditional houses and textile arts representing rich cultural heritage, such as the Torogan, Ifugao Bale, and Bahay Kubo.

Philippine Indigenous Arts

Distinct weaving styles and materials, including ikat textiles, pandanus cloth, and traditional garments that reflect the unique identities of various tribes.

Stage Performing Arts

Encompasses roles such as antagonists, protagonists, dancers, and behind-the-scenes members like directors and sound technicians.

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Description

Explore the foundations of art through its etymology and essential elements. This quiz covers the definitions related to art, including line and shape, and their significance in expressing creative skills. Enhance your understanding of how art enriches human potential.