Art Appreciation Handout PDF

ART APPRECIATION Etymology and Definition of Art Art is derived from a Latin term “ars”, which means skill, talent or ability. Art is the expression of the creative skill and imagination Art is at the center of the seven fields because this provides enhancement of the individual human potential....

ART APPRECIATION Etymology and Definition of Art Art is derived from a Latin term “ars”, which means skill, talent or ability. Art is the expression of the creative skill and imagination Art is at the center of the seven fields because this provides enhancement of the individual human potential. Elements of Art Line - is an identifiable path created by a point moving in space. It is one-dimensional and can vary in width, direction, and length. The most basic visual elements. Shape – Shape and form define objects in space. Shape have two dimensions, height and width are usually defined by lines. Value – describes the brightness or darkness of color; a gradient is a series of values from darkest to lightness. Is the key of illusion. Form – define objects in space. Form exist in three dimensions with height, width, and depth. Space – refers to a feeling of depth or three dimensions. It can also refer to artist’s use of the area within the picture. Texture – surface quality of an object that we sense through touch hard, soft, rough, smooth, hairy, leathery, sharp, etc. Color – reflected light, organized on a color wheel with 3 primary colors, 3 secondary colors, and 6 intermediate colors. History of Art NATURALISM - Naturalism refers to the depiction of realistic object in a natural setting. Practice in Florentine school. ROMANTICISM (1800) - was an artistic, literary and intellectual movement that originated in Europe. Partly a reaction to the industrial revolution, it was also a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms. IMPRESSIONISM (1820) - It was the product of art critics and members of high society scrutinizing many new artists about what they can paint. Artistic freedom. REALISM (1850) - Realism in the virtual arts and literature is the general attempt to depict subject as they are considered to exist in third person objective reality without establishment or interpretation. SYMBOLISM (1860) - was a late nineteenth century art movement of French Russian and Belgian origin in poetry and other arts. Symbolic meaning. ART NOUVEAU (1890) - most popular in Europe but its influence is global. Considered now as an important transition between historicism of neoclassicism and modernisms. Resemble stem or parts of plants. EXPRESSIONISM - was inspired most heavily by the symbolist currents in late nineteenth century art. Emotional experience. CUBISM (1907) - Is a form of art made up of geometrical shapes, interlocking planes, and then collages. DADA (1916) - is a form of art that took place during the first world war when artist from New York, Zurich and Munich questioned the meaning of art by using crude or simple objects as fine art. SURREALISM (early 1920’s) - Is a form of art when artists create dream-like paintings, especially nightmares, and are filled with mysterious objects that have been oddly changed in a ways you couldn’t see in reality. POP ART (1950) - Is a form of art based on modern popular culture and the mass media. Functions of Art Art as Personal - An artist may create a piece out of a need for self-expression or gratification. They might also or instead want to communicate a thought or point to the viewer. Art as Social – Art has a social function when it addresses aspects of (collective) life as opposed to one person's point of view or experience. Viewers can often relate in some way to social art and are sometimes even influenced by it. Art as Physical – Works of art that are created to perform some service have physical functions. If you see a Fijian war club, you may assume that, however wonderful the craftsmanship may be, it was created to perform the physical function of smashing skulls. Three Philosophical Themes in Art 1. Integrity – refers to faithfulness to one’s principles 2. Proportion/Consonance – implies balance or consistency of the elements 3. Radiance/Clarity – has something to do with the impact or meaning upon the observer The Subject of an Art It refers to the main idea that is represented in the artwork. The subject in art is basically the essence of the piece. Two types of subjects of art 1. Representational Art - are those that appear to be very much like how people see them in the reality. 2. Non -Representational Art - refers to compositions which do not rely on representation or mimesis to any extent. This also indicates a departure from reality in the depiction of imagery in art. Sources and Kinds of Subjects 1. Nature 2. People and World Events 3. Myths and Legends 4. Spiritual and Religious Beliefs 5. Ideas Commissioned by Employers Form and Composition 1. Two-dimensional Art - It has mathematical dimensions of width and height - They can be decorative spaces or plastic faces - They are only bound to work within the frame Two-dimensional A. Drawings – process of moving an instrument over a smooth surface to leave a mark. Line is the most important element. B. Paintings – process where the artist applies colors to surfaces using paint brush, painting knives or rollers. Artists prefer using oil-based paints since it’s easier to blend. 2. Three-dimensional Art - Distinguishing factor is its actual and real depth - Depth allows it to be viewed across different angles - Sometimes called plastic arts not plastic spaces A. Sculpture – most of the media used are clay, glass, plastics, wood, stone, or metals. B. Assembling – constructing a sculpture using different materials C. Modeling – gradually ads more of the material to build the form D. Carving - sculpture removed, cuts, chips, and drills parts of the solid mass to create the form E. Casting – soft pliable materials are made into shapes F. Crafts – made with functions like vase and baskets G. Architecture – planning and creating infrastructures 3. Technological Media - includes artworks designed and produced by means of new media technologies, comprising virtual art, computer graphics, computer animation, digital art, etc. A. Photography – Technique of capturing optical images on light-sensitive camera. The first camera ever recorded in history was called the daguerreotype in 19th century. B. Films and Videos - Films are a series of negatives that intend to show motions of pictures. Recent gadgets can now also perform the functions to produce films and videos. C. Computer Arts – Computers now also have a plethora of software applications to create art such as Adobe, Photoshop, Affinity Designer, Clip Studio, Paint Pro, Art Weaver, Art Rage, and etc. Content A credit line is what you include alongside your art whenever and wherever it is shown. A credit line is consists of the following: 1. Name of the Artist 2. Title of the work 3. Year/s the work was made 4. Medium 5. Size Dimensions 6. Location Form and Composition Step 1. Description – You need to make a list of questions to describe the elements of artwork. Usually, things you can find in credit line. These following questions may help you: What do you see in the artwork? What are these images? When was the work created? Where was the work created? For whom is this work made? A specific person or group of persons/audience? Step 2. Analysis – You may need to observe and identify the different applications of principles of design. Understanding why these principles were applied. These following questions may help you: How is the work organized? What principles of design were applied in the artwork? What are the artist’s individual style and techniques? What are the distinct features of the artwork that are characteristic of the artist? What is the rigor of implementation that the artist chooses to portray? How did that artist express certain emotions and ideas in the artwork? Step 3. Interpretation – In this step, digging into the content is the hallmark of the process. These following questions may help you: What is the message of the art? Why is this message relevant? What is the mood being conveyed in the art? How did the artist’s background influence the creating of the art? What are the artist’s influences that paved the way to the development of his art? Step 4. Judgment You will examine the merit of the art. Merit is when the artist has successfully accomplished the foundational and subjective components of art. These following questions may help you: What makes the artwork successful? How is the work significant to the message it seeks to convey? Does it serve an aesthetic and utilitarian purpose? Is the artwork effective in communicating its meaning?  Artist Artisan Learn to sketch and begin with a pencil Are craftsmen who make practical artistic and sketchpad to work with an idea. Aim products, such as earrings, urns, stained is to create overall reaction from a viewer. glass and other accessories. Related Careers to Performing Arts 1. Actor 2. Singer or Musician 3. Dancers 4. Choreographers 5. Directors 6. Set and Exhibit Designers 7. Costume attendants 8. Performance Makeup Artists Related Careers to Art and Creativity 1. Craft and Fine Artist 2. Multimedia Artist/Animator 3. Art Director 4. Photographer 5. Museum Curator 6. Performing Arts Manager or Arts Administrator Need Skills and Qualifications of a Career in Art 1. Organization 2. Accounting 3. The Law 4. Fundraising 5. Marketing 6. Public Relations 7. Flexibility Other Related Careers in Art 1. Art Dealer 2. Art Collectors 3. Art Buyer R.A. 7355 or Manlilikha ng Bayan Act SEC 2. Policy and Objectives. – It is hereby declared to be the policy of the State to preserve and promote its traditional folk arts whether visual, performing, or literary. For their cultural value, and to honor and support traditional folk artists for their contribution to the national heritage by ensuring that the artistic skills which they have painstakingly cultivated and preserved are encouraged and passed on to future generations of Filipinos. Qualifications based on the NCCA 1. He/she is an inhabitant of an indigenous/traditional cultural community anywhere in the Philippines that has preserved indigenous culture 2. He/she must have engaged in a traditional and folk art which has been in existence and documented for at least fifty (50) years 3. He/she must have consistently produced works of superior quality over significant period 4. He/she mush possess a mastery of tools and materials needed for the traditional, folk art and be a maker of works of extraordinary technical quality 5. He/she must have transferred and/or willing to transfer to other members of the community the skills in the traditional and folk arts for which the community has become nationally known. ****Even if the traditional artist is incapable of teaching his/her masterpiece due to advance age or sickness, he/she can still be awarded if: 1. He/she had created a significant body of works and/or has consistently displayed excellence in the practice of his/her art, thus achieving important contributions for its development 2. He/she had been instrumental in the revitalization of his/her community’s artistic tradition 3. He/she has passed on to the other members of the community skills in folk art for which the community is traditionally known. 4. His/her community has recognized him/her as master and teacher of his/her craft. - Initially receives 100,000; 10,000 monthly financial assistant and a gold medallion - - By the virtue of R.A. 7355, NCCA board approved an additional monthly personal allowance of 14,000 - - Maximum cumulative amount of 750,000 medical and hospitalization benefits annually - - A state funeral, the arrangements for and the expenses of which shall be borne by the Government, upon the death of the Manlilikha ng Bayan AD Hoc Panel of Experts To ensure a fair selection of potential awardees, the Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan Executive Council shall be assisted by an Ad Hoc Panel of Expert consisting of experts in the traditional and folk arts categories. AD Hoc Panel of Experts 1. Ginaw Bilog – An expert in Ambahan poetry from Manlasay, Mindoro. Preserved the Hanunoo Mangyan language. He accepted the award last 1993. 2. Masino Intaray – Musician and storyteller from Brookes Point, Palawan. Plays the aroding (mouth hard) and babarak (ring flute) and also well-versed with traditions of basal, kulilal, and bagit. He accepted the award last 1993. 3. Samaon Sulainman – Musician from Mamasapano, Maguindanao. Excels in kutyapi and also has extensive repertoire with dinaladay, linapu, minuna, binalig, and other styles. He accepted the award last 1993. 4. Lang Dulay – T’boli textile dream weaver from Lake Sebu, South Cotabato. She was awarded last 1998. 5. Salinta Monon – Tagabawa Bagobo textile weaver from Bansalan, Davao del Sur. She was awarded the same time as Land Dulay in 1998. 6. Alonzo Saclag – Musician and dancer from Lubuagan, Kalinga. He was awarded last 2000. 7. Federico Caballero – Epic chanter from Calinog, Iloilo. He’s well-versed with Sulod-Bukidnon (indigenous language). He was awarded last 2000. 8. Uwang Ahadas – Musician of Yakan Muslim tribe from Lamitan, Basilan. Mastered the Yakan musical instruments: kwintangan (for women) and agung (for men). He was awarded last 2000. 9. Darhata Sawabi – Tausug textile weaver from Parang, Sulu. Mastered the art of Pissyabit weaving. She was awarded last 2004. 10. Eduardo Mutuc – Proficient metalsmith from Apalit, Pampanga. He was awarded last 2004. 11. Haja Amina Appi – Mat weaver of Santa Tribe from Tandubas, Tawi-Tawi. Known for tabig, sasa, and kima-kima. She was awarded last 2004. 12. Teofilo Garcia – Casque maker from San Quintin, Abra. Known for his product called “Tabungaw”. He was awarded last 2012. 13. Estelita Bantilan – Expert mat weaver from Upper Lasang, Malapatan, Sarangani. She was awarded last 2016. 14. Magdalena Gamayois – Ilocana textile weaver from Pinili, Ilocos Norte. Taught herself the traditional patterns of binakol, inuritan (geometric design), kusikos (spiral forms similar to oranges), and sinan-sabong (flowers). She was awarded last 2012. 15. Ambalang Ausalin – Textile weaver from Parangbasak, Lamitan City, Basilan. Possesses complex knowledge of the entire weaving process. She was awarded last 2016. 16. Yabing Masalon Dulo – Ikat weaver from Landan, Polomolok, South Cotabato. Her ikat-dyed fabrics with historical and cultural significance are sought after by people. She was awarded last 2016. The Order of National Artists A National Artist is a Filipino who has been given the rank and title of National Artist in recognition of his or her significant contributions to the Philippine arts and letters. They are given a Grand Collar as recipients of Orden ng Gawad Pambansang Alagad ng Sining. This is administered by National Commission for Culture and Arts (NCCA) and the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) and is conferred by the President upon recommendation by both institutions. Established through Presidential Proclamation No. 1001, s. 1972. The Insignia of The Order of National Artists The insignia of the Order of the National Artists is composed of a Grand Collar featuring circular links portraying the arts and an eight-pointed conventionalized sunburst suspended from a sampaguita wreath in green and white enamel. The central badge is a medallion divided into three equal portions, red, white, and blue, recalling the Philippine flag, with three stylized letter Ks, the “KKK” stands for the CCP’s motto: “katotohanan, kabutihan, at kagandahan” (”the true, the good, and the beautiful”), as coined by then first lady Mrs. Imelda Romuldez Marcos, the CCP’s founder. Legal Bases for giving the award (NCCA, 2020) 1. Proclamation No. 1144, s. 1973 – CCP Board of Trustees as National Artist Awards Committee and is reiterated by Presidential Decree No. 208, s. 1973. 2. Executive Order No. 236, s. 2003 – Honors Code of the Philippines. It raised the level of Cultural Order that made it equal to Gawad Manlilikha ng Bayan. Renamed it to Orden of National Artists or Ordern ng mga Pambansang Alagad ng Sining. 3. Executive Order No. 435, s. 2005 – amended Sec. 5 (IV) of EO 236, giving the President the power to name National Artists without recommendation. This was during President Gloria Arroyo’s term and also led to the controversy of 2009 when the Supreme Court issued quo ante order against the awardees that year. Process of Nomination and Conferment 1. Living artists who are Filipino citizens at the time of nomination, as well as those who died after the establishment of the award in 1972. 2. Artists who have contributed to building a Filipino sense a nationhood. 3. Artists who have pioneered in creative style and made an impact on the succeeding generations. 4. Artists who have consistently created an excellence and substantial body of work. 5. Artists who enjoy broad acceptance through: - Gawad CCP Para sa Sining, CCP Thirteen Artists Award and NCCA Alab ng Haraya - Critical acclaim and reviews of their works - Respect and esteem from peers Orders and Privileges 1. The rank and title of National Artist, as proclaimed by the President of the Philippines 2. The insignia of a National Artist and a citation 3. A lifetime emolument and material and physical benefits comparable in value to those received by the highest officers of the land such as: a. a cash award of 100,000 net of taxes, for living awardees; b. cash award of 75,000 net of taxes, for posthumous awardees, payable to legal heir/s; c. a monthly life pension, and medical/hospital benefits; d. state funeral and burial at the Libingan ng mga Bayani; e. a place of honor, in line with protocolar precedence, at national state functions and recognition at cultural events; 7 New National Artists Awarded by President Duterte last October 24, 2018 1. Lauro “Larry” Alcala – Famous for his cartoons for 56 years. He created 500 characters and 20 comic strips. His most iconic work is ”Slice of Life”. Visual Arts. 2. Amelia Lapeña-Bonifacio – Famous as the Grand Dame of Southeast Asian children’s theater. She is the founder and playwright-director of the “Teatrong Mulat ng Pilipinas”. 3. Ryan Cayabyab – Famous and most accomplished composer, arranger, and musical director since 1970s. Hyperlocalism 4. Kidlat Tahimik (Eric de Guia) – Famous for his debut film “Mababangong Bangungot (1977)”.Kidlat’s “imperfect” film is an exemplar of what is worldwide known as “Third Cinema”. 5. Francisco T. Mañosa – Famous for his 60 years of Architectural life. He is famous for passionately creating Filipino designs and one of his famous creation is the Sulo Hotel. 6. Resil B. Mojares - He is acknowledged as a leading figure in the promotion of regional literature and history. He is the founder of the Cebuano Studies Center and also pioneered Cebuano and National identity formation. Visayan Literature. 7. Ramon Muzones – Hiligaynon poet, essayist, short story writer, critic, grammarian, editor, lexicographer and novelist who authored an unprecedented 61 completed novels. Some of it are “Bag-ong Maria Clara”, “Maambong Nga Sapat (Magnificient Brute,1940)”, the comic “Si Tamblot (1946)”, the politically satirical “Si Tamblot Kandidator Man (Tamblot is Also a Candidate, 1949), the longest serialized novel, “Dama de Noche (1982 to 1984, 125 installments)”. Longest reigning (1938-1972) among the 3 kings of Hiligaynon novel. TYPES OF LINE 1. Vertical Lines – Their movement direction is upward or downward. 2. Horizontal Lines – The movement direction is from left to right or vice versa. 3. Diagonal Lines – These are slanted lines creating an impression of rising or falling. 4. Zigzag Lines – These are connected combinations of diagonal lines creating angular perspectives of lines. 5. Curved Lines – These are lines that appear linear; hence, directions are not clearly established. Line and Value -Value is defined as the darkness or lightness of an object. EXPRESSIONS OF LINES Lines can speak a language that artist can comprehend. A. Movement of Lines 1. Vertical – show feelings of permanence and solid foundation 2. Horizontal - provide artistic impressions of strength 3. Diagonal – express feelings of instability, tension or excitement 4. Zigzag – create feeling of confusion 5. Curved – show expression of relative activity EXPRESSIONS OF LINES B. Contour Lines ❑ These are applications of lines to create edges or ridges of an object. C. Gesture Drawing ❑ Expressive movements intended to capture motion, activity and the feeling found in it. D. Calligraphy Drawing ❑ It means beautiful handwriting. SHAPE, FORM AND SPACE Shape - It conveys a defined two-dimensional area. It has an outline around and it is recognizable through its form. A. Types of shapes 1. Geometric shapes– They are accurately measured shapes, hence, having mathematical bases. 2. Free-Form shapes – They are irregular in structure and can be characterized by some combinations of curves and angles. Forms- Forms are three-dimensional aspects of spaces and shapes. A characterizing component of form is its depth. Space - It involves the outer and inner spaces of an artwork. This refers to a hypothetical area in which the subject of art and other elements of art operate.  A. Types of Space 1. Positive space – shapes and forms of art 2. Negative space – empty spaces Illusion of Depth using Gestalt Principles of Perception 1. Overlapping – The first object covers a second object. In effect, the first object becomes closer or nearer to the viewer. 2. Size – Large objects often are perceived to be nearer than the relatively smaller ones. 3. Placement – Objects placed on the lower plane of the space create impression of them being nearer. 4. Detail – Objects with clearer details are usually nearer while those with finer and less details seem to be farther. 5. Color – Brightly or vividly colored objects seem nearer than dull ones. 6. Converging lines – When parallel lines move away, they move closer to the horizon which makes a perception of distance farther away. Expressive Qualities of Shape, Form and Space 1. Free-form shapes – express presence of life and fluidity; calmness and comfort or even pleasantness 2. Angular shapes – project the sharp and jagged realities of the world 3. Geometric shapes – suggest aspects of mechanical perfection and project a certain sense of order and logic Color Primary colors – red, blue and yellow The secondary colors - are made by mixing two primary colors. The intermediate colors – created by mixing a primary and secondary color. Value - It describes the lightness and darkness of a color. Intensity - It refers to how bright or dull the use of hue is. Color Schemes 1. Monochromatic Colors – This is a technique where only one color is used. Even the hue, tints and shade are consistent all throughout. 2. Analogous Colors – The hues are usually those that are side by side in the color wheel and operate in a common hue. Sense of harmony. 3. Complementary Colors – These are used when the theme of art is intended to create strong expression of contrast. 4. Color Triads – Art must be focused on three general colors spaced on equal intervals on the color wheel. 5. Split Complements – Used when you combine a hue with each side of its exact complement. Balance between warm and cool temperature. 6. Warm and Cool Colors – The warm colors are red, orange and yellow while the cool colors are blue, green and violet. Texture and Value 1. Rough and Smooth Textures – A crooked and uneven shadow may provide a more rough texture than formally shaded ones. 2. Matter and Shiny Textures – A matte surface reflects soft and dull light while the shiny surface tends to reflect light and project some spark of glow. Balance 1. Formal Balance – There is considerable formal balance when elements are shared equally in both side of the symmetry. 2. Radial Balance - This is a type of balance where the design of the art piece radiates from the central point and an outward direction. An examples of radial balance is the mandala. 3. Informal Balance -There are artist who choose to portray a more casual and less planned art. Most of the time, their outputs have informal balances. Principles of Design Proportion - Lines create the impression of movement. It can also be differentiated based on length and width. Emphasis - In specific artworks, there are aspects that are given emphasis like more intensity in color, more definition in contours and outlines, etc. Techniques in Emphasis A. Contrast – This can be done through contrasting of hues, intensity and value of colors. B. Isolation – This is the process of providing a mechanism for the subject to be isolated from other elements. C. Location – The center of the space is mostly considered the focal point of most art works. D. Convergence – This is a more complex technique that utilizes the elements to point at a direction of a focal point. E. Unusual – The most complex of the approaches is the use of unconventional mechanisms. Abstract/Non-Objective Arts It often appears in an unusual image that does not naturally exist and uses shapes, colors, forms and gestural marks to achieve its effect. Installation Arts artistic genre of three-dimensional works that are often site-specific and designed to transform the perception of a space. Body Installation Land/Earth Installation Performance Installation Music Music is a part of art and science. In art, music is considered the highest form of performing art claimed by Beethoven. Music exists because of… Religion - Music played a vital role in dealing with religious activities where sacred songs were utilized. Entertainment - Music is being used for social activities such as dancing, stage plays and other forms of entertainment. Purposes of Music Religious Purpose Entertainment Tribal Identity Socio-Cultural Occasion Political Campaign Earning Prestige Major Periods of the Development of Music Medieval Period Common Terminologies : 1. Gregorian chant – founded by Pope Gregory the Great and become popular in the 9th to the 10th centuries; unaccompanied and usually in monophony (singing of single notes at the same time) 2. Polyphony – was developed in the year 1000 where more than 1 note was played at the same time that included harmony, counterpoint and chords. 3. Rhythmic Mode – became known as intervals (the gap or distance from one note to another); developed by the composers in Notre Dame School of Polyphony. Musical Instruments: 1. Wind Instruments – include the flute (transverse woodwind instrument), trumpet (extremely limited range of notes being played and use to send orders during the battles) 2. String Instruments – are the lute (a large pear-shaped body with gut strings), fiddle (developed from 500 Byzantine lyra, which turned to Violin during the 1500), gittern (ancestor of guitar, similar to lute, plucked with a quill and strings are made of gut) 3. Percussion Instruments – include the dulcimer (plucked by striking the strings with small hammers), tambourine (resembling a shallow drum with small metal disks around the edge), drums (barrel-shaped instrument being struck with the sticks or hands) Famous Personalities and Composers 1. Pope Gregory the Great – founder of Great Gregorian Chant  2. Gillaume de Machaut – founder of secular music; a traveling musician who composed singing and spoken words that inspired the writer 3. Geoffrey Chaucer – a highly respected figure in Medieval era. 4. Hildegard of Bingen – German nun, herbalist and composer produced 69 musical compositions. Morality. Musical Genre during the Medieval Period: 1. Religious music (sacred music) – the lyrics of the songs depict praise and worship themes like hymns, which were used in masses and other church celebration 2. Gospel music – intended for praise and worship within the context of religious engagement in the Christian Church The Renaissance Period Musical Instruments: 1. Recorder – the recorder is similar to the flute (vertical flute) 2. Shawn – It is an early clarinet. 3. Sackbut – It is an early trombone. 4. Lute – Is a plucked stringed instrument 5. Organ – It is a keyboard instrument using multiple layered set of keys as well as dampers (pipe organ). 6. Hapsicord – It is similar to piano but a smaller version wherein the white keys of the piano is colored black in hapsicord and the black keys of the piano are colored white in hapsicord. Textile Art and the Art of Weaving Arts and crafts that use plant, animal, or synthetic fibers to construct practical or decorative objects. The textile arts are a fundamental human activity, expressing symbolically much of what is valuable in any culture. Techniques in Textile Art Crocheting - It is using a single hook to hook the loops together directly on the piece of fabric. Embroidery - It is using a thread to stitch the decorative designs onto the fabric. Knitting - It is using a pair of long needles to form the loops, moving a set of loops from one after the other; the stitches are held on the needle. Weaving - It is creating or producing fabric by interlacing threads. The Textile Process of Production Step 1: Fiber Production Step 2: Yarn Production Step 3: Fabric Production Step 4: Pre-Treatment Step 5: Dyeing and Printing Step 6: Finishing Treatments Step 7: Manufacturing The Textile Art Process 1. Exploring, Finding and Collecting – It involves a set of guidelines for picking plants that can be a good source of generating raw materials in the making thread fibers. 2. Natural Color – The world of textile art focuses on searching the best raw materials from plants that can be sources for natural colors. 3. Rust Marks – Is like producing an olden art which ideally, is made of the textile process with the presence of salt water. 4. Foraged Fibers – These are raw materials that can be used for manufacturing the thread fibers for textile art. 5. Combining Techniques – This includes the mix-and-match of techniques that can be utilized crafts. 6. A Sense of Place – Museums and galleries showcase wonderful masterpieces of textile art. Other Textile Arts 1. T’nalak – A practice observed by women who were referred to as “dream weavers,” as it is believed that the designs and patterns were sourced from images in their dreams, as handed by the spirit of the abaca, Fu Dalu. 2. Pis-yabit or Seputangan – The prized handwoven cloth of the Tausugs of Sulu. Usually used as head covering, it is made from cotton or silk, square in shape and provided with geometric patterns. 3. Dagmay and Ikmat - A handwoven textile made from abaca. Making it involves a mud-dyeing technique wherein tribe members soak their tannin-dyed yarns into iron-rich mud for days. 4. Inaul Textile Art - Inaul, means “weaved”, is a unique fabric woven by Maguindanaon women weavers in Mindanao. 5. Banig - Involves folding over strips of materials to make unique geometrical designs. People in Basey, Samar had been weaving mats long before the Spaniards came. 6. Puso - Connotes the existence of an old method in food preparation. It shows us the wonder of putting rice into it, and seeing the hardwork of the people and the great ingenuity, craftsmanship and creativity of the Cebuanos. Visual Elements in the Philippine Traditional Motifs and Crafts The Philippine Houses Torogan - The Kawayan Torogan (also Torogan sa Kawayan) is a traditional Maranao torogan (house) built by Sultan sa Kawayan Makaantal in Bubung Malanding, Marantao, Lanao del Sur. Ifugao Bale - The Ifugao "Bale" or Native House is said to be the "first pre-fabricated house in the world.” Banaue Ethnic Village features actual Ifugao native houses that have been relocated and preserved. Bahay Kubo - The Bahay kubo, or nipa hut, is a type of stilt house indigenous to the cultures of the Philippines. It is also known as payag or kamalig in other languages of the Philippines. Bahay na Bato - Bahay na bato (Tagalog, literally "house of stone") also known in Visayan as Balay nga bato, is a type of building originating during the Philippines' Spanish Colonial period. It is an updated version of the traditional bahay kubo. Tree House - Typically a pre-colonial platform or building constructed around, next to or among the trunk or branches of durable and mature trees while above ground level. T’boli House - Akin to nipa hut but is larger, wider and more spacious that can accommodate several people to sleep over. Some of these are built on highland areas in south western Mindanao, centering on Lake Sebu. Ivatan House - The Batanes houses known as Ivatan House or Stone Houses are famous across the country because it is sturdy and unique in style. Badjao Boat House - The houseboat is decked and provided with a living quarter covered by a plaited nipa roof that is detachable. Humble abode of Bajau (sea gypsies) which is especially in Sitangkai, Tawi-tawi, and Bongao. Stilt House above sea water - Stilt houses (also called pile dwellings or lake dwellings) are houses raised on stilts (or piles) over the surface of the soil or a body of water. Stilt houses are built primarily as a protection against flooding. Multi-story house - A multi-storey building is a building that has multiple storeys, and typically contains vertical circulation in the form of ramps, stairs and lifts. Philippine Urban Housing Community - Townhouses are multi-floor homes that share one to two walls with adjacent properties but have their own entrances. In the suburbs, townhouses are often uniform homes built in a distinct community that may have its own homeowners association. Condo Unit - A condominium, or condo, is an individually owned unit in a complex or building of units. A condo owner owns the air space inside their condo, sharing an ownership interest in the community property, such as the floor, walls, sidewalks, stairwells, and exterior areas. The Philippine Indigenous Arts The Arts of the Bagobo - The Bagobos wear distinct ceremonial attire made of ikat textiles, which are likely word as either a costume or a dress. For example, they tend to use kostyom (costume) when speaking to non-Bagogo, amongst themselves, they use ompak (garment or clothing). The Arts of the Badjau - The most commonly used material is the pandanus plant which grows abundantly in the limestone-based island of Tawi-Tawi. The pandanus grow wild and untended in the shores and sandy beaches. The Arts of the Bontoc - The Bontocs tradition of cloth weaving. The background colors are dark, the favorite being blue. Geometric designs are diamonds, triangles, hexagons and zigzags. Representational designs are the dancing man or woman, stars, leaves and rice paddles. The Arts of the Gaddang - The Gaddang is a tribal group to the north-east of Manila, in the provinces of Isabel and Cagayan. This is a modern reproduction of the traditional striped Gaddang textiles embroidered with small white beads. The Arts of the Ibanag - Textiles are embellished with knotted selvages and seams, floating warps and complimentary wefts. The Arts of the Ifugao - Bulul, also known as bul-ul or tinagtaggu, is a carved wooden figure used to guard the rice crop by the Ifugao (and their sub-tribe Kalanguya) peoples of northern Luzon. The sculptures are highly stylized representations of ancestors and are thought to gain power and wealth from the presence of the ancestral spirit. The Arts of the Illongot - A headdress made of horn bill, shell, wire, rattan, and hair. The Arts of the Ivatan - One of the endemic clothing of the Ivatans is the vakul. A vakul is a headgear designed to protect the wearer from sun and rain. It is made from vuyavuy palm fiber. The Ivatans have three folk song styles: the laji, the kanta, and the kalusan. The Arts of the Mangyan - Pakudos is a Mangyan design element. It is characterized by its simple symmetrical organization which places equal stress on both the vertical and horizontal composition. It is said that the Pakudos is a variation of the Indic swastika. The Arts of the Manobo - Traditional fabric for clothes was abaca or hemp, weaved by the ikat process, but is now cotto cloth obatained through trade. Dyes were acquired from plants and trees: the tagum plant and the bark of the lamud tree produced lack, the turmeric root, yellow, and the keleluza plant, red. Ginuwatan are in woven representational designs such as flowers. The Arts of the Maranao - Sarimanok is stylized representation of an open-winged legendary bird whose claws clutch a fish. It is a bird- form symbolof the Maranao. You will see the Sarimanok on top of bamboo poles placed at the center of muslim villages. The Arts of the Subanun - The Traditional costumes worn by the Subanen men and women consist of upper and lower garments with headdress and other accessories. The tight-fitting garment that is generally black made up the men’s upper garment called the Sub. The Arts of the T’boli - T’nalak is a sacred cloth woven by the T'boli people in communities around Lake Sebu, Mindanao island. Traditionally made by women of royal blood. Fu Dalu, a spiritual guardian, guides t’nalak weaving, a process that is enriched with taboo and ritual. The Arts of the Tingguian - The Tigguians or Isnegs, are engaged in bamboo crafts production. This is the reason why Abra is positioning itself as the “Bamboo Capital of the Philippines”. Stage Performers The stage performers include the antagonists, the protagonists, the leading character or one of the major characters in a drama, movie, novel, or other fictional literary works; dancers – individuals who engage in dancing. Who are behind the Scenes in a Theater? Director, Stage Manager, Music and Sound Effects Person, Musicians (Optional), Prompters, Prop and Scenery Committee, Light Committee, Make-up Artists, and Wardrobe Mistress.