49 Questions
What is the preferred treatment if the onset of arrhythmia is more than 48 hours or uncertain?
Rate control
In patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation needing a rhythm-control strategy, what medications can be considered?
Flecainide acetate or amiodarone hydrochloride
When should a referral be made for specialized management in atrial fibrillation?
Within 4 weeks of treatment failure
What is the initial management approach to controlling atrial fibrillation?
Rate control or rhythm control
In case of urgent rate control needed, what medication can be administered?
Verapamil hydrochloride
What should be considered when deciding between pharmacological or electrical cardioversion in patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation?
Underlying heart disease
Which of the following is a side effect of Mexiletine (Namuscla®)?
Memory loss
What is the loading dose of Mexiletine (Namuscla®) for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias in adults?
400 mg
In what condition is Lidocaine hydrochloride licensed for acute symptomatic treatment?
Drug-induced methaemoglobinaemia
What is the maximum daily dosage of Mexiletine (Namuscla®) for patients who are poor CYP2D6 metabolizers?
1200 mg
Which of the following is a contraindication for Namuscla®?
Abnormal Q-waves
What is the daily dosage of Namuscla® for myotonia in non-dystrophic myotonic disorders?
167 mg
Which medication is an alternative to amiodarone for cardiopulmonary resuscitation?
Lignocaine (Lidocaine)
What is the maintenance dosage range of Mexiletine (Namuscla®) for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias in adults?
$150-300$ mg 2-3 times a day
What is the dosage of Mexiletine (Namuscla®) for supraventricular arrhythmias if necessary up to a maximum of $300$ mg daily?
$50$ mg twice daily
What is the recommended maximum daily dosage of Namuscla® for rapid control or in heavily built patients with ventricular arrhythmias?
$400$ mg daily
What is the drug treatment typically recommended for atrial fibrillation?
Combination therapy with beta-blockers, digoxin, and diltiazem hydrochloride
In which patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation is oral anticoagulation recommended?
Patients in whom the risk of stroke outweighs the risk of bleeding
Which drug can be used for rapid control of ventricular rate in atrial flutter?
Propafenone hydrochloride
What is the preferred treatment for the recurrence of atrial flutter?
Catheter ablation
Which drug can be considered for patients with atrial flutter when other drugs are ineffective?
Amiodarone hydrochloride
What is the first-line treatment when rapid conversion to sinus rhythm is necessary?
Electrical cardioversion
What medication can worsen the condition of Torsade de pointes?
Propafenone hydrochloride
What medication has contraindications such as pre-existing long QT syndrome and severe heart failure?
Disopyramide
What is the first-line treatment for preventing stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation?
Oral anticoagulation therapy
What is the primary reason for adding digoxin in patients with heart failure receiving treatment for atrial flutter?
To control the ventricular rate
What is the recommended dosage adjustment for individuals with a creatinine clearance between 10-30 mL/minute?
One-quarter normal doses
In which condition is digoxin most useful according to the text?
Atrial flutter
What is the initial loading dose of digoxin for adults when given intravenously?
1 mg over at least 2 hours
Which of the following conditions is NOT listed as a contraindication for using digoxin?
Angina pectoris
When is regular monitoring of plasma-digoxin concentration necessary according to the text?
Only in case of overdose symptoms
What can hyperkalaemia predispose a patient to when taking digoxin?
Cardiac arrhythmias
Which anti-arrhythmic drug is used specifically for rapid conversion of recent onset atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm?
Vernakalant
What is the recommended dosage for adults taking Dronedarone to maintain sinus rhythm after cardioversion?
400 mg twice daily
Which anti-arrhythmic drug is known to cause abdominal discomfort, arrhythmias, chest pain, and dizziness as potential side effects?
Adenosine
What condition is a contraindication for the use of Sotalol hydrochloride due to its non-selective nature and potential to prolong the QT interval?
Long QT syndrome
Which drug should be used with particular care to avoid hypokalemia and correct electrolyte disturbances before and during its use?
Sotalol hydrochloride
In which cases should treatment with Vernakalant be avoided due to contraindications?
Systolic blood pressure less than 100 mmHg
What is a common side effect associated with the use of Adenosine?
Nausea
What is a contra-indication for the use of Mexiletine?
Bundle branch block
How should amiodarone be administered intravenously?
Central venous catheter
What should be done if a patient experiences impaired vision while taking amiodarone?
Stop amiodarone treatment
Which of the following is a common side effect of Mexiletine?
Headache
What is the recommended action if liver function abnormalities are detected in a patient taking amiodarone?
Discontinue amiodarone treatment
When should patients shield their skin from light while on amiodarone treatment?
During the day
What is a potential consequence of prolonged QRS interval while on amiodarone?
Cardiac arrest
Which patient group requires increased dosage of amiodarone according to the text?
Elderly patients
What is the potential consequence of developing new or worsening respiratory symptoms while taking amiodarone?
Pulmonary toxicity
What is a significant adverse reaction that can affect the eyes due to amiodarone treatment?
Blindness
Test your knowledge on arrhythmia management, including diagnosis, electrocardiography, treatment options for ectopic beats and atrial fibrillation. Learn about managing underlying causes and specialized care post-cardioversion.
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