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Questions and Answers
What is an example of an aromatic alcohol?
Benzyl alcohol
What is the functional group of alcohols?
-OH group
What is the molecular formula of Methanol?
CH3OH
What is the molecular formula of Ethanol?
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What is the molecular formula of Glycerol?
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Ethanol is a viscous liquid.
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What is the odor of Methanol?
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What happens when alcohol and water are mixed?
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What is observed during the sodium metal test with alcohol?
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The esterification of methanol produces __________.
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Match the alcohols with their characteristics:
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Study Notes
Aromatic Alcohol
- Benzyl Alcohol is an example of an aromatic alcohol.
Functional Groups
- The functional group of alcohols is -OH (hydroxyl group).
- Methanol (CH3OH) is an example of an alcohol.
- Ethanol (C2H5OH) is also an example of an alcohol.
- Glycerol is a triol and has three -OH groups
Physical Properties of Alcohols
- Methanol, Ethanol, and Glycerol are all liquids at room temperature.
- Methanol is colorless, with a faint alcoholic odor.
- Ethanol is colorless, with a slightly stronger alcoholic odor.
- Glycerol is a viscous liquid and is odorless.
- Methanol and ethanol are miscible with water.
Chemical Properties of Alcohols
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Action of Dry Heat:
- All three alcohols are flammable, but Glycerol burns with a smoky flame.
- All three alcohols evaporate when heated.
- There is no change in color or odor when they are heated.
- No residue is observed after heating.
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Action of NaOH:
- No reaction occurs with cold or hot NaOH.
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Action of Soda Lime:
- The text does not mention any reaction with soda lime.
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Action of FeCl3:
- No reaction occurs with FeCl3.
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Action of Concentrated H2SO4:
- Methanol and ethanol do not react with concentrated H2SO4.
- Glycerol reacts with concentrated H2SO4 to produce toxic fumes and charring.
Reactions of Alcohols
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Sodium Metal Test:
- All three alcohols react with Sodium metal, evolving Hydrogen gas.
- The reaction is represented by the general equation:
2R-OH + 2Na → 2R-O-Na + H2 - The reaction is a displacement reaction where the hydrogen in the -OH group gets replaced by sodium.
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Esterification:
- Methanol: Reacts with Salicylic acid to produce Methylsalicylate (Vicks odor)
- Ethanol: Reacts with Acetic acid to produce Ethyl acetate (Fruity odor)
- Glycerol reacts with acids to form fixed esters.
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Partial Oxidation:
- Methanol: Oxidized to Formaldehyde using a copper wire. Formaldehyde reacts with Schiff's reagent to give a Magenta red color.
- Ethanol: Oxidized to Acetaldehyde using a copper wire. Acetaldehyde also reacts with Schiff's reagent to give a Magenta red color.
- Glycerol does not react with Schiff's reagent.
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Complete Oxidation:
- Methanol: Oxidized to Formic acid.
- Ethanol: Oxidized to Acetic acid.
- Glycerol does not undergo complete oxidation.
Specific Reactions and Tests
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Preparation of Methylsalicylate:
- To prepare Methylsalicylate, mix 2 grams of Salicylic acid, 2 ml of Methanol, and 1 ml of Conc. H2SO4.
- Shake the mixture and heat for 1 minute.
- Pour the contents into a beaker containing 20 ml of Na2CO3 solution.
- The solution will have a Vicks odor.
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Preparation of Ethyl acetate:
- To prepare Ethyl acetate, mix 1 ml of Acetic acid, 2 ml of Ethanol, and 1 ml of concentrated H2SO4.
- Shake the mixture, heat for 1 minute, and then pour into a beaker containing 20 ml of Na2CO3 solution.
- The solution will have a fruity odor.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential aspects of aromatic alcohols, including their functional groups, physical properties, and chemical behaviors. Explore examples like methanol, ethanol, and glycerol to understand the characteristics that define these compounds.
