Sec 3 Alcohols PDF

phatic ALCOHO Is there any example for aromatic alcohol ?? HO BENZYL ALCOHOL What is the functional group of alcohols ????? methanol CH3OH Ethanol C2H5OH H2C OH Glycerol HC OH H2C OH ...

phatic ALCOHO Is there any example for aromatic alcohol ?? HO BENZYL ALCOHOL What is the functional group of alcohols ????? methanol CH3OH Ethanol C2H5OH H2C OH Glycerol HC OH H2C OH  Methanol Ethanol Glycerol Liquid, Mobile, Liquid, 1. Condition Anhydrous Viscous, True liquid. CuSO4 True liquid. 2. Color Colourless Faint 3. Odour Alcoholic Odourless alcoholic Miscible with H2O 4. Miscibility L.P. → Neutral  Miscibility test neutral shake 5 ml water just one layer 1 ml alcohol  5-Action of dry heat A- inflammability:- Inflammable- non-luminous – non-smoky B- change in appearance: evaporate C- change in colour: No change D- change in odour: No change E- residue: absent  Methanol Ethanol Glycerol 1. Action of ▪On cold: No action 30% NaOH ▪On hot: No action 2. Action of soda lime ??????? 3. Action of FeCl3 No action 4. Action of Toxic odour conc. H2SO4 No action & charring on hot. GLYCEROL WITH CONC. H2SO4  Glycerol Methanol Ethanol 1. Sodium Effervescence due to Evolution of metal test Hydrogen gas (Salicylic acid) (Acetic acid) 2. Esterification Methylsalicylate: Ethylacetate: Fixed ester Vicks odour Fruity odour 3. Partial Formalin Acetaldehyde oxidation Schiff’s reagent Schiff’s reagent -Ve (Cu wire) Magenta red Magenta red colour colour 4. Complete oxidation Formic acid Acetic acid -Ve  Sodium metal test General equation 2R-OH + 2Na displacement of H from OH group 2R-O-Na + H2 Methanol 2CH3-OH + 2Na displacement of H from OH group 2CH3-ONa + H2 Ethanol 2C2H5-OH + 2Na displacement of H from OH group 2C2H5-ONa + H2 Glycerol CH2-OH CH2-ONa 2 CH-OH +6 Na 2 CH-ONa + 3H2 CH2-OH CH2-ONa sodium propane-1,2,3-tris(olate)  Glycerol Methanol Ethanol 1. Sodium Effervescence due to Evolution of metal test Hydrogen gas (Salicylic acid) (Acetic acid) 2. Esterification Methylsalicylate: Ethyl acetate: Fixed ester Vicks odour Fruity odour 3. Partial Formalin Acetaldehyde oxidation Schiff’s reagent Schiff’s reagent -Ve (Cu wire) Magenta red colour Magenta red colour 4. Complete oxidation Formic acid Acetic acid -Ve 2) Acetic acid + ethanol Ethyl acetate  Method for Methanol 2 gm Salicylic acid 2 ml Methanol 1 ml Conc. H2SO4 Shake 1 min. on flame Pour contents on beaker containing 20 ml Na2CO3 Soln. Vicks odor  Method for Ethanol 1 ml acetic acid 2 ml ethanol 1 ml Conc. H2SO4 Shake 1 min. on flame Pour contents on beaker containing 20 ml Na2CO3 Soln. Fruity odor  Glycerol Methanol\ Ethanol 1. Sodium Effervescence due to Evolution of metal test Hydrogen gas (Salicylic acid) (Acetic acid) 2. Esterification Methylsalicylate: Ethylacetate: Fixed ester Vicks odour Fruity odour 3. Partial Formalin Acetaldehyde oxidation Schiff’s reagent Schiff’s reagent -Ve (Cu wire) Magenta red colour Magenta red colour 4. Complete oxidation Formic acid Acetic acid -Ve  OXIDATION ?? Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state. Reduction is the gain of electrons or a decrease in oxidation state.  Traditional Definition Oxidation : loss of Hydrogen or gaining of oxygen  Oxidation of Alcohols H -2H H3C O 2 H3C O + O H3C OH H OH H ethanol acetaldehyde acetic acid  Method Put 2 ml of alc. On test tube Bring Cu wire and heat on flame Immerse the wire in alc. Repeat 10 times Add schiff,s reagent magenta red color  Equation Ethanol Methanol C2H5OH CH3OH Cu/heat Cu/heat - H2 - H2 CH3CHO HCHO Schiff’s reagent Schiff’s reagent Slightly magenta red color Slightly magenta red color  Glycerol Methanol Ethanol 1. Sodium Effervescence due to Evolution of metal test Hydrogen gas (Salicylic acid) (Acetic acid) 2. Esterification Methylsalicylate: Ethylacetate: Fixed ester Vicks odour Fruity odour 3. Partial Formalin Acetaldehyde oxidation Schiff’s reagent Schiff’s reagent -Ve (Cu wire) Magenta red Magenta red colour colour 4. Complete oxidation Formic acid Acetic acid -Ve  Equation Ethanol Methanol C2H5OH CH3OH K2Cr2O7 K2Cr2O7 CH3CHO HCHO K2Cr2O7 K2Cr2O7 CH3COOH HCOOH FeCl3 FeCl3 N.S. N.S. Red color Red color  Glycerol Alcohol Methanol Ethanol Iodoform Borax (-Ve) test: IV. Special Iodoform Yellow test: test test: turbidity + Fading of No action iodoform pink odour colour  Equations for Iodoform H H C H H I I3C O I3C C O C O + C -H I ONa NaO I NaOH Xss NaOH H + CI3 completely soluble  Method 1 ml of Ethanol 3 ml of iodine Shake well Brown color Then 10% NaOH drop wise with continuous shaking Yellow Ppt./turbidity of iodoform with hospital- like odour  Borax Borax H3BO3 Boric acid + NaOH weak acid Strong base Glycerol Complex act as strong Acid heating Glycerol + Boric Acid  O B O Na O B O B O Na O B O Na2B 4O7 2 H2O O B O Na OH OH O B O B O Na H H O B O O B O 2 NaOH HO B O B OH O B O 5 H2O OH H O H B O HO OH OH 4 B OH H HO B O B OH HO BORIC ACID OH H O B O H OH  H 2C OH OH H 2C CH H 2C OH H2 C HO OH CH CH H 2C H 2C HO OH O O boric acid B O B -H O B OH O O O HO CH 2 HO CH CH CH 2 CH 2 HO CH 2 HO CH 2 CH HO CH 2 HO  Borax Cont Phenol phthalein (Ph.Ph.) Indicator Colorless in Pink in Acidic medium basic medium  Ph.Ph. Borax Glycerol  Borax 2 ml Borax 2 drops Ph.Ph. Ph.Ph. Shake Pink Add 1-2 drops glycerol Shake Fading of pink Heat Pink again Borax Glycerol Preparation Iodoform