ARM Virtual Memory Address Translation
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of sections and supersections in ARM virtual memory address translation?

  • To increase the size of the translation table
  • To allow mapping of a large region of memory while using only a single entry in the TLB (correct)
  • To slow down the memory access process
  • To reduce the size of the TLB

    • What is the primary function of the Scheduler in the depicted system?

  • To manage memory allocation
  • To allocate CPU time to processes (correct)
  • To control input/output operations
  • To handle interrupts

    • What is the size of a supersection in ARM virtual memory address translation?

  • 16-MB blocks of main memory (correct)
  • 1-MB blocks of main memory
  • 64-kB blocks of main memory
  • 4-kB blocks of main memory

    • What is the state of Process A in figure (a)?

    <p>Running</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the level 1 table in ARM virtual memory address translation?

    <p>To hold level 1 descriptors that contain the base address and translation properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of a large page in ARM virtual memory address translation?

    <p>64-kB blocks of main memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Service Handler in the system?

    <p>To handle interrupts and context switching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the state of Process B in figure (c)?

    <p>Running</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the translation table in ARM virtual memory address translation?

    <p>To hold the level 1 and level 2 tables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of a small page in ARM virtual memory address translation?

    <p>4-kB blocks of main memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Interrupt Handler in the system?

    <p>To handle interrupts and context switching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the state of Process A in figure (b)?

    <p>Waiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the level 2 table in ARM virtual memory address translation?

    <p>To hold level 2 descriptors that contain the base address and translation properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much memory is required by the level 2 table in ARM virtual memory address translation?

    <p>1kB of memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a monitor in the context of computer systems?

    <p>A computer program that manages system resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is memory protection necessary in a computer system?

    <p>To prevent user programs from altering the memory area containing the monitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a processor encounters a privileged instruction while executing a user program?

    <p>The processor transfers control to the monitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a timer in a computer system?

    <p>To prevent a job from monopolizing the system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the timer expires?

    <p>An interrupt occurs and control returns to the monitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of interrupts in a computer system?

    <p>To give the OS more flexibility in relinquishing control to and regaining control from user programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of instructions can only be executed by the monitor?

    <p>Privileged instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the monitor when a user program encounters an error?

    <p>The monitor aborts the job, prints an error message, and loads the next job</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the Inverted Page Table Structure?

    <p>To provide a more efficient way of mapping virtual addresses to physical addresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the CPU checks the TLB and does not find a page table entry?

    <p>The CPU starts the page fault handling routine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the hash function in the Inverted Page Table Structure?

    <p>To index the page table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stored in each entry of the Inverted Page Table?

    <p>A page number and its corresponding frame number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Lookaside Buffer (TLB)?

    <p>To cache recently accessed page table entries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the OS instructs the CPU to read a page from disk?

    <p>The CPU reads the page from disk and loads it into main memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the page fault handling routine?

    <p>To handle page faults by reading pages from disk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using an Inverted Page Table?

    <p>It optimizes the translation of virtual addresses to physical addresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Base field in a segment descriptor define?

    <p>The starting address of the segment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the D/B bit in a code segment?

    <p>It indicates whether operands and addressing modes are 16 or 32 bits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Granularity bit (G) control?

    <p>The interpretation of the Limit field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum segment size limit when the Granularity bit is set to 1?

    <p>4 Gbytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the S bit in a segment descriptor?

    <p>It determines whether a segment is a system segment or a code or data segment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Accessed bit (A) in a page table?

    <p>It indicates whether a read or write operation to the corresponding page occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Dirty bit (D) in a page table?

    <p>It indicates whether a write operation to the corresponding page occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Page Frame Address provide?

    <p>The physical address of the page in memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Virtual Memory Address Translation

    • The ARM supports memory access based on either sections or pages
    • Sections consist of 1-MB blocks of main memory
    • Supersections (optional) consist of 16-MB blocks of main memory
    • Large pages consist of 64-kB blocks of main memory
    • Small pages consist of 4-kB blocks of main memory

    Translation Tables

    • Level 1 table holds level 1 descriptors that contain the base address and translation properties for a section and supersection
    • Level 2 table holds level 2 descriptors that contain the base address and translation properties for a small page or a large page
    • Level 2 table requires 1kB of memory

    Desirable Hardware Features

    • Memory protection ensures user programs do not alter the memory area containing the monitor
    • The processor hardware detects errors and transfers control to the monitor
    • Privileged instructions can only be executed by the monitor
    • I/O instructions are privileged, so the monitor retains control of all I/O devices
    • Timer is used to prevent a job from monopolizing the system

    Interrupts

    • Interrupts give the OS more flexibility in relinquishing control to and regaining control from user programs
    • Timer interrupts occur when the timer expires

    Operating System

    • Operatingsystem has three components: service handler, scheduler, and interrupt handler
    • The scheduler decides which job to execute next
    • Interrupt handler handles interrupts and returns control to the scheduler

    Inverted Page Table Structure

    • Inverted page table structure is used to translate virtual addresses to physical addresses
    • Each entry in the inverted page table corresponds to a physical memory frame
    • The page table contains a hash function, page number, and control bits

    Operation of Paging and Translation

    • The Lookaside Buffer (TLB) is used to cache recently accessed page table entries
    • The CPU checks the TLB for a page table entry before accessing the page table
    • If the page table entry is not in the TLB, a page fault occurs and the OS handles the page fault

    x86 Memory Management Parameters

    • Segment descriptor (segment table entry) contains the base address, D/B bit, descriptor privilege level (DPL), granularity bit (G), limit, S bit, and segment present bit (P)
    • Page directory entry and page table entry contain the accessed bit (A), dirty bit (D), and page frame address

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    Description

    This quiz covers the concepts of virtual memory address translation in ARM architecture, including sections, supersections, and translation lookaside buffer (TLB).

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