Aristotle's Communitarianism Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Why is attempting to find a theory of justice behind Rawls’ veil of ignorance considered impractical?

  • Rawls' veil of ignorance is a flawed concept.
  • People behind the veil of ignorance have no moral compass.
  • Individuals cannot exist in such an abstracted state. (correct)
  • Society does not support theories of justice based on the veil of ignorance.

    • What is a key reason why generic individuals cannot exist according to the text?

  • Individuals are bound by their past, habits, and culture. (correct)
  • People reject being part of a specific community.
  • The concept of identity is irrelevant in decision-making.
  • Moral judgment is independent of personal experiences.

    • What aspect of human beliefs and practices does the political enterprise need to consider according to the text?

  • The relativistic idea of moral judgment.
  • The rejection of individual identities.
  • The abstract universality of human nature.
  • The interpretive dimensions of human beliefs. (correct)

    • What does the text suggest about moral ties that individuals feel but have not chosen?

    <p>They are neglected in liberal theories of obligations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text describe the 'veil of ignorance' concept in relation to decision-making?

    <p>As an abstract state without personal biases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does the text suggest individuals can make ethical choices according to their unique journey?

    <p>By accepting pieces and values from different communities they belong to.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge arises when trying to strike a balance between abstract universality and relativistic ideas according to the text?

    <p>Ignoring individual experiences and circumstances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does storytelling play in influencing moral and political judgment according to the text?

    <p>It shapes the interpretive framework within which agents view their world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Aristotle, what is the best arena for virtuous persons to exercise and hone their virtue?

    <p>Political deliberation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between individuals and communities according to Aristotle?

    <p>Individuals and communities live and thrive in symbiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the communitarian critique of Rawls, what does Rawls' theory of justice fail to account for?

    <p>The complex set of social relations individuals are part of</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis for the communitarian critique of Rawls and Kant?

    <p>The close relation between individual and communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to communitarians, can individual rights or interests be formulated in abstraction from social contexts?

    <p>No, there is no coherent way to formulate them without social contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between virtuous persons and the polis (city-state) according to Aristotle?

    <p>The polis needs the contribution of virtuous persons for its own thriving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the communitarian view on the construction of individual identity?

    <p>Individual identity is partly constructed by culture and social relations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate end that both individuals and communities fulfill according to Aristotle?

    <p>Fulfilling their end in relationship with each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the narrative account of moral agency discussed in the text?

    <p>To reconcile individual freedom with moral obligations to others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does Rawls exclude knowledge of one's cultural commitment behind the veil of ignorance?

    <p>To ensure that cultural attachments are not threatened or put in jeopardy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the veil of ignorance in Rawls' theory?

    <p>To ensure that no community can threaten or impose on another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes Rawls' normative theory?

    <p>It is designed to protect cultural attachments and communal commitments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about the relationship between individual freedom and communal commitments in Rawls' theory?

    <p>There is a tension between individual freedom and communal commitments that needs to be reconciled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the communitarian's descriptive claims in Rawls' theory?

    <p>They are explicitly recognized and accounted for in Rawls' normative theory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of protecting the specificities of people and communities in Rawls' theory?

    <p>To ensure that all people and communities are treated equally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Rawls' theory go beyond pure liberalism?

    <p>By recognizing and protecting cultural attachments and communal commitments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of normative ethics?

    <p>Identifying ideal rules and norms for behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best represents descriptive ethics?

    <p>&quot;People tend to act in their own self-interest.&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Bentham believe should be the measure of right and wrong?

    <p>The greatest happiness of the greatest number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main criticism of communitarianism discussed in the text?

    <p>It fails to consider individual autonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Bentham believe governs human behavior?

    <p>Pain and pleasure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of normative ethics discussed in the text?

    <p>It is based on empirical observations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential issue with the communitarian view of moral obligations?

    <p>It allows individuals to reject community obligations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best represents a normative ethical claim?

    <p>&quot;One should always tell the truth.&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential issue with using narratives in ethical decision-making?

    <p>They can be manipulated to justify unethical behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best represents a descriptive ethical claim?

    <p>&quot;It is raining outside.&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of normative ethics?

    <p>Identifying the best rules for behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Bentham believe should be the measure of right and wrong?

    <p>The greatest happiness of the greatest number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best represents descriptive ethics?

    <p>&quot;It is raining&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential issue with using narratives in ethical decision-making?

    <p>Narratives can be used to justify detaching from moral obligations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main criticism of communitarianism discussed in the text?

    <p>It fails to account for individual rights and interests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What governs human behavior according to Bentham?

    <p>Pain and pleasure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of normative ethics discussed in the text?

    <p>Observing how people actually behave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between virtuous persons and the polis (city-state) according to Aristotle?

    <p>The polis is the best arena for virtuous persons to exercise their virtue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best represents a normative ethical claim?

    <p>&quot;It is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong.&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of human beliefs and practices does the political enterprise need to consider according to the text?

    <p>The balance between individual rights and communal obligations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of normative ethics according to the text?

    <p>Identifying the best rules for behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Bentham, what should be the measure of right and wrong?

    <p>The measure of pain and pleasure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Sandel criticize about Communitarianism in the text?

    <p>Encumbering individuals with extra moral duties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes descriptive ethics from normative ethics?

    <p>Observes how people currently behave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Sandel view narrative in relation to moral obligations?

    <p>As a way to reject one's communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Bentham suggest governs human behavior?

    <p>Pain and pleasure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main emphasis of descriptive ethics according to the text?

    <p>Grounded in observation of current behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Sandel suggest individuals can tackle extra moral duties related to community?

    <p>By detaching from their communities through narrative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure.' - Who is associated with this view?

    <p>'Categorical Imperative' Bentham</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'It is for them alone to point out what we ought to do...' - Who asserts this statement?

    <p>'Categorical Imperative' Bentham</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of normative ethics according to the text?

    <p>Identifying the best rules for behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Bentham, what governs human behavior?

    <p>Pain and pleasure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main criticism of communitarianism discussed in the text?

    <p>Extra moral duties and responsibilities encumber individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Bentham believe should be the measure of right and wrong?

    <p>The greatest happiness of the greatest number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Aristotle, what is the ultimate end that both individuals and communities fulfill?

    <p>Eudaimonia (Human flourishing)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Sandel suggest individuals can tackle extra moral duties related to community?

    <p>By refusing their communities and excluding them from their moral obligations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between individuals and communities according to Aristotle?

    <p>Individuals are part of communities and contribute to the collective well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the veil of ignorance in Rawls' theory?

    <p>To ensure impartiality and fairness in decision-making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about the relationship between individual freedom and communal commitments in Rawls' theory?

    <p>Individual freedom must be balanced with communal commitments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis for the communitarian critique of Rawls and Kant?

    <p>Overlooking the importance of communal ties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to normative ethics, what is the primary focus of study?

    <p>Identifying the best rules for behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does descriptive ethics primarily study?

    <p>How people do behave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who emphasized the importance of the greatest happiness of the greatest number as a measure of right and wrong?

    <p>Bentham</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What criticism does Sandel present regarding communitarianism and moral obligations?

    <p>Belonging to a community burdens individuals with extra moral duties and responsibilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can individuals potentially address extra moral duties related to their community, according to the text?

    <p>By refusing their communities and detaching themselves from moral obligations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do normative ethics and descriptive ethics respectively focus on?

    <p>Normative ethics focuses on how people ought to behave, while descriptive ethics focuses on how people do behave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who stated that 'Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure'?

    <p>Bentham</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between normative ethics and descriptive ethics?

    <p>Normative ethics prescribes how people should behave, while descriptive ethics describes how people actually behave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Sandel suggest individuals can challenge the moral ties imposed by communities?

    <p>By using instrumental thinking and fitting their narrative to their purpose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key distinction between normative ethics and descriptive ethics according to the text?

    <p>Normative ethics prescribes what should be the norm, while descriptive ethics describes what is the case</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of normative ethics?

    <p>Identifying the best rules for behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Bentham, what should be the measure of right and wrong?

    <p>The greatest happiness of the greatest number.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does descriptive ethics primarily study?

    <p>How people do behave, and how they think they should behave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key distinction between normative ethics and descriptive ethics according to the text?

    <p>Normative ethics prescribes how people should behave, while descriptive ethics describes how people actually behave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Sandel view narrative in relation to moral obligations?

    <p>Narrative can be used to either encumber individuals with moral duties or detach them from communal obligations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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