Aristotle's Communitarianism Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Why is attempting to find a theory of justice behind Rawls’ veil of ignorance considered impractical?

  • Rawls' veil of ignorance is a flawed concept.
  • People behind the veil of ignorance have no moral compass.
  • Individuals cannot exist in such an abstracted state. (correct)
  • Society does not support theories of justice based on the veil of ignorance.

What is a key reason why generic individuals cannot exist according to the text?

  • Individuals are bound by their past, habits, and culture. (correct)
  • People reject being part of a specific community.
  • The concept of identity is irrelevant in decision-making.
  • Moral judgment is independent of personal experiences.

What aspect of human beliefs and practices does the political enterprise need to consider according to the text?

  • The relativistic idea of moral judgment.
  • The rejection of individual identities.
  • The abstract universality of human nature.
  • The interpretive dimensions of human beliefs. (correct)

What does the text suggest about moral ties that individuals feel but have not chosen?

<p>They are neglected in liberal theories of obligations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe the 'veil of ignorance' concept in relation to decision-making?

<p>As an abstract state without personal biases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the text suggest individuals can make ethical choices according to their unique journey?

<p>By accepting pieces and values from different communities they belong to. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge arises when trying to strike a balance between abstract universality and relativistic ideas according to the text?

<p>Ignoring individual experiences and circumstances. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does storytelling play in influencing moral and political judgment according to the text?

<p>It shapes the interpretive framework within which agents view their world. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Aristotle, what is the best arena for virtuous persons to exercise and hone their virtue?

<p>Political deliberation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between individuals and communities according to Aristotle?

<p>Individuals and communities live and thrive in symbiosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the communitarian critique of Rawls, what does Rawls' theory of justice fail to account for?

<p>The complex set of social relations individuals are part of (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis for the communitarian critique of Rawls and Kant?

<p>The close relation between individual and communities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to communitarians, can individual rights or interests be formulated in abstraction from social contexts?

<p>No, there is no coherent way to formulate them without social contexts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between virtuous persons and the polis (city-state) according to Aristotle?

<p>The polis needs the contribution of virtuous persons for its own thriving (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the communitarian view on the construction of individual identity?

<p>Individual identity is partly constructed by culture and social relations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate end that both individuals and communities fulfill according to Aristotle?

<p>Fulfilling their end in relationship with each other (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the narrative account of moral agency discussed in the text?

<p>To reconcile individual freedom with moral obligations to others. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does Rawls exclude knowledge of one's cultural commitment behind the veil of ignorance?

<p>To ensure that cultural attachments are not threatened or put in jeopardy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the veil of ignorance in Rawls' theory?

<p>To ensure that no community can threaten or impose on another. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes Rawls' normative theory?

<p>It is designed to protect cultural attachments and communal commitments. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the relationship between individual freedom and communal commitments in Rawls' theory?

<p>There is a tension between individual freedom and communal commitments that needs to be reconciled. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the communitarian's descriptive claims in Rawls' theory?

<p>They are explicitly recognized and accounted for in Rawls' normative theory. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of protecting the specificities of people and communities in Rawls' theory?

<p>To ensure that all people and communities are treated equally. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Rawls' theory go beyond pure liberalism?

<p>By recognizing and protecting cultural attachments and communal commitments. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of normative ethics?

<p>Identifying ideal rules and norms for behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best represents descriptive ethics?

<p>&quot;People tend to act in their own self-interest.&quot; (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Bentham believe should be the measure of right and wrong?

<p>The greatest happiness of the greatest number (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main criticism of communitarianism discussed in the text?

<p>It fails to consider individual autonomy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Bentham believe governs human behavior?

<p>Pain and pleasure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of normative ethics discussed in the text?

<p>It is based on empirical observations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential issue with the communitarian view of moral obligations?

<p>It allows individuals to reject community obligations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best represents a normative ethical claim?

<p>&quot;One should always tell the truth.&quot; (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential issue with using narratives in ethical decision-making?

<p>They can be manipulated to justify unethical behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best represents a descriptive ethical claim?

<p>&quot;It is raining outside.&quot; (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of normative ethics?

<p>Identifying the best rules for behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Bentham believe should be the measure of right and wrong?

<p>The greatest happiness of the greatest number (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best represents descriptive ethics?

<p>&quot;It is raining&quot; (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential issue with using narratives in ethical decision-making?

<p>Narratives can be used to justify detaching from moral obligations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main criticism of communitarianism discussed in the text?

<p>It fails to account for individual rights and interests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What governs human behavior according to Bentham?

<p>Pain and pleasure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of normative ethics discussed in the text?

<p>Observing how people actually behave (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between virtuous persons and the polis (city-state) according to Aristotle?

<p>The polis is the best arena for virtuous persons to exercise their virtue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best represents a normative ethical claim?

<p>&quot;It is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong.&quot; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of human beliefs and practices does the political enterprise need to consider according to the text?

<p>The balance between individual rights and communal obligations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of normative ethics according to the text?

<p>Identifying the best rules for behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Bentham, what should be the measure of right and wrong?

<p>The measure of pain and pleasure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Sandel criticize about Communitarianism in the text?

<p>Encumbering individuals with extra moral duties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes descriptive ethics from normative ethics?

<p>Observes how people currently behave (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Sandel view narrative in relation to moral obligations?

<p>As a way to reject one's communities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Bentham suggest governs human behavior?

<p>Pain and pleasure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main emphasis of descriptive ethics according to the text?

<p>Grounded in observation of current behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Sandel suggest individuals can tackle extra moral duties related to community?

<p>By detaching from their communities through narrative (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure.' - Who is associated with this view?

<p>'Categorical Imperative' Bentham (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'It is for them alone to point out what we ought to do...' - Who asserts this statement?

<p>'Categorical Imperative' Bentham (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of normative ethics according to the text?

<p>Identifying the best rules for behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Bentham, what governs human behavior?

<p>Pain and pleasure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main criticism of communitarianism discussed in the text?

<p>Extra moral duties and responsibilities encumber individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Bentham believe should be the measure of right and wrong?

<p>The greatest happiness of the greatest number</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Aristotle, what is the ultimate end that both individuals and communities fulfill?

<p>Eudaimonia (Human flourishing)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Sandel suggest individuals can tackle extra moral duties related to community?

<p>By refusing their communities and excluding them from their moral obligations</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between individuals and communities according to Aristotle?

<p>Individuals are part of communities and contribute to the collective well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the veil of ignorance in Rawls' theory?

<p>To ensure impartiality and fairness in decision-making</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the relationship between individual freedom and communal commitments in Rawls' theory?

<p>Individual freedom must be balanced with communal commitments</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis for the communitarian critique of Rawls and Kant?

<p>Overlooking the importance of communal ties</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to normative ethics, what is the primary focus of study?

<p>Identifying the best rules for behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does descriptive ethics primarily study?

<p>How people do behave</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who emphasized the importance of the greatest happiness of the greatest number as a measure of right and wrong?

<p>Bentham</p> Signup and view all the answers

What criticism does Sandel present regarding communitarianism and moral obligations?

<p>Belonging to a community burdens individuals with extra moral duties and responsibilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can individuals potentially address extra moral duties related to their community, according to the text?

<p>By refusing their communities and detaching themselves from moral obligations</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do normative ethics and descriptive ethics respectively focus on?

<p>Normative ethics focuses on how people ought to behave, while descriptive ethics focuses on how people do behave</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who stated that 'Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure'?

<p>Bentham</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between normative ethics and descriptive ethics?

<p>Normative ethics prescribes how people should behave, while descriptive ethics describes how people actually behave</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Sandel suggest individuals can challenge the moral ties imposed by communities?

<p>By using instrumental thinking and fitting their narrative to their purpose</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key distinction between normative ethics and descriptive ethics according to the text?

<p>Normative ethics prescribes what should be the norm, while descriptive ethics describes what is the case</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of normative ethics?

<p>Identifying the best rules for behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Bentham, what should be the measure of right and wrong?

<p>The greatest happiness of the greatest number.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does descriptive ethics primarily study?

<p>How people do behave, and how they think they should behave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key distinction between normative ethics and descriptive ethics according to the text?

<p>Normative ethics prescribes how people should behave, while descriptive ethics describes how people actually behave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Sandel view narrative in relation to moral obligations?

<p>Narrative can be used to either encumber individuals with moral duties or detach them from communal obligations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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