Aristotle's Virtue Ethics Quiz

Study Notes

Aristotle's Virtue Ethics

Aristotle, one of the most influential philosophers in history, played a pivotal role in the development of virtue ethics. His seminal work, the Nicomachean Ethics, established virtue ethics as a distinct philosophical discipline and set the terms within which various competing approaches to virtue ethics have been debated.

The Nicomachean Ethics

The Nicomachean Ethics is a treatise on ethics that focuses on virtue and how it relates to an individual's overall well-being. Aristotle's ethical theory is agent-centered, focusing on people and their characters rather than singular actions. He believed that every science has a domain of objects that it studies, and in the case of ethics, the domain of objects is the human being.

The Virtues

Aristotle proposed that virtues are dispositions that enable individuals to hit the mean between two extreme emotions within a certain field. For example, courage is the disposition to feel fear (a negative emotion) and confidence (a positive emotion) in the appropriate circumstances. Similarly, justice is the disposition to keep one's promises and cooperate with others, which is conducive to the characteristic human mode of life.

The Golden Mean

The concept of the Golden Mean, central to Aristotle's virtue ethics, suggests that virtues are not fixed and absolute but relative to culture and time. The Golden Mean is a path between two extremes, and the virtuous person is one who can find this middle ground.

The Virtue of Character

The virtue of character, according to Aristotle, is the excellence or virtue of the irrational faculty in obeying the commands of the practical rational faculty. It is a disposition that enables individuals to act in accordance with reason and is crucial in achieving eudaimonia, or human flourishing.

The Role of Reason and Emotion

Aristotle's ethical theory is unique in its emphasis on the joint excellence of reason and character. The virtuous person is not only rational but also emotionally attached to what is good. This combination of intellectual and emotional virtues is essential for living a virtuous life.

The Influence of Aristotle's Virtue Ethics

Aristotle's virtue ethics has had a profound impact on Western philosophy, influencing the European and Arabic philosophical traditions, as well as medieval Muslim philosophers such as Alfarabi and Avicenna. It has also experienced a revival in the mid-twentieth century and continues to be a compelling approach to ethics today.

Description

Test your knowledge on Aristotle's virtue ethics, focusing on the Nicomachean Ethics, the concept of virtues, the Golden Mean, the virtue of character, and the influence of reason and emotion in ethical decision-making.