The Arches of the Foot
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The Arches of the Foot

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Questions and Answers

Which structure is primarily responsible for maintaining the transverse arch during weight bearing?

  • Short plantar ligament
  • Tendon of peroneus longus (correct)
  • Flexor digitorum brevis
  • Abductor digiti minimi
  • Which of the following bones contributes to the lateral arch of the foot?

  • Cuboid (correct)
  • Talus
  • Navicular
  • Medial cuneiform
  • What is the primary function of the medial arch in the foot?

  • Provide stability to the heel
  • Facilitate lateral movement
  • Aid in shock absorption and energy release (correct)
  • Support the transverse arch
  • Which ligaments bind the cuneiforms to the bases of the metatarsals?

    <p>Interosseous ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shape does the transverse arch resemble?

    <p>Dome-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle contributes to the active support of the lateral arch?

    <p>Peroneus brevis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between the medial and lateral arches?

    <p>The medial arch is the highest and most elastic, while the lateral arch is flatter and stable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides passive support to the transverse arch?

    <p>The cuneiforms and cuboid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arch of the foot is described as the highest and most flexible?

    <p>Medial Longitudinal Arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bones is not part of the Medial Longitudinal Arch?

    <p>Cuboid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the plantar aponeurosis serve in the arches of the foot?

    <p>Support for all arches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is key for the support of the transverse arch of the foot?

    <p>Plantar and Interosseous Ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tendon is associated with the support of the Lateral Longitudinal Arch?

    <p>Tendons of Peroneus Longus and Brevis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily the function of the arches of the foot?

    <p>Weight bearing and propulsion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following metatarsals is included in the Lateral Longitudinal Arch?

    <p>Metatarsals 3-5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the Medial Longitudinal Arch's key supports?

    <p>Abductor Digiti Minimi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones form the Transverse Arch of the foot?

    <p>Three cuneiforms and Metatarsals 1-5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures provides primary passive support to the medial arch?

    <p>Spring ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the plantar aponeurosis play in the lateral arch?

    <p>It acts as a tie-beam structure supporting metatarsals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tendon is primarily responsible for pulling the lateral arch upwards?

    <p>Tendon of peroneus longus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of dynamic support, which muscle is involved in supporting the lateral arch?

    <p>Abductor digiti minimi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is considered the most important passive structure supporting the lateral arch?

    <p>Short plantar ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligaments provide primary passive support to the lateral arch?

    <p>Short and long plantar ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the flexor digitorum supports the lateral arch dynamically?

    <p>Lateral part</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the long plantar ligament in the lateral arch?

    <p>Maintains the concave shape of the arch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the medial arch's plantar aponeurosis?

    <p>To resist separation of the heads of the metatarsals from the calcaneus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure acts like a staple to support the head of the talus?

    <p>Calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arch of the foot is described as flatter and more rigid?

    <p>Lateral longitudinal arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism provides passive support to the arches of the foot?

    <p>Shape of the bones and ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the transverse arch?

    <p>To form a domed curve across the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is critical for supporting the medial arch but may cause issues if stretched or torn?

    <p>Calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones are included in the formation of the transverse arch?

    <p>Cuneiforms, cuboid, and bases of five metatarsals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the active (dynamic) mechanisms that support the arches of the foot?

    <p>Intrinsic muscles of the foot and leg muscle tendons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the plantar and interosseous ligaments play in the medial arch?

    <p>They bind individual bones of the medial arch for passive stability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tendon is identified as the most important for dynamic support of the medial arch?

    <p>Tendon of flexor hallucis longus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the tendons of tibialis posterior and anterior support the medial arch?

    <p>They function as suspension wires supporting the arch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of dynamic support, which of the following muscles is less important than the tendon of flexor hallucis longus?

    <p>Both B and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mechanism does the plantar aponeurosis provide for the medial arch?

    <p>Only passive support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles primarily provides active support for the medial arch?

    <p>Tibialis posterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament acts as a 'staple' to support the head of the talus?

    <p>Short plantar ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components contributes to the passive stability of the medial arch?

    <p>Plantar and interosseous ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Arches of the Foot

    • The foot has 3 arches: medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, and transverse
    • The medial arch is the highest and most flexible; includes the calcaneus, talus, navicular, medial cuneiform, and heads of the first two metatarsals
    • The lateral arch is flatter and more stable; includes the calcaneus, cuboid, and the lateral three metatarsals
    • The transverse arch is dome-shaped; includes the three cuneiforms, the cuboid, and the bases of the metatarsals
    • The arches act to deform, absorb energy, and release energy during weight transfer

    Medial Arch Support Mechanisms

    • Passive mechanisms:
      • Plantar aponeurosis: a tie-beam structure that resists separation of the metatarsal heads from the calcaneus
      • Spring ligament: acts like a staple to support the talus from underneath, preventing it from dropping between the navicular and calcaneus
      • Plantar and interosseous ligaments: bind individual bones of the medial arch, acting as staples to support the talus from underneath
    • Active mechanisms:
      • Tendon of flexor hallucis longus: acts as a dynamic tie beam that pulls the first metatarsal head closer to the calcaneus
      • Intrinsic foot muscles: medial tendons flexor digitorum longus, medial part of flexor digitorum brevis, and abductor hallucis; provide less support than the tendon of flexor hallucis longus
      • Tendons of tibialis posterior and anterior: act like suspension wires to support the medial arch from above

    Lateral Arch Support Mechanisms

    • Passive mechanisms:
      • Long and short plantar ligaments: short plantar ligament prevents calcaneus and cuboid from separating, long plantar ligand maintains concavity
      • Plantar aponeurosis: lateral bands support the arch, preventing separation of the 4th and 5th metatarsals from the calcaneus
    • Active mechanisms:
      • Tendon of peroneus longus: pulls the lateral arch upwards
      • Tendon of peroneus brevis: prevents the 5th metatarsal from separating from the cuboid
      • Intrinsic foot muscles: lateral part of flexor digitorum brevis and abductor digiti minimi; provide less support than the plantar ligaments and peroneus longus

    Transverse Arch Support Mechanisms

    • Bony mechanisms:
      • Cuneiform bones: wedge shape squeezes adjacent bones together during weight-bearing
      • Cuboid: wedge shape provides support
    • Plantar and interosseous ligaments: bind the cuneiforms to the bases of the metatarsals and prevent arch collapse during weight bearing
    • Tendon peroneus longus: acts as a dynamic beam that pulls the medial and lateral pillars of the arch closer together during weight bearing

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    Related Documents

    The Arches of the Foot PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the three arches of the foot: medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, and transverse. Learn about their structures, functions, and support mechanisms, including passive elements like the plantar aponeurosis and spring ligament. Enhance your understanding of foot anatomy and its significance in weight transfer.

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