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Questions and Answers
Which structure is primarily responsible for maintaining the transverse arch during weight bearing?
Which structure is primarily responsible for maintaining the transverse arch during weight bearing?
Which of the following bones contributes to the lateral arch of the foot?
Which of the following bones contributes to the lateral arch of the foot?
What is the primary function of the medial arch in the foot?
What is the primary function of the medial arch in the foot?
Which ligaments bind the cuneiforms to the bases of the metatarsals?
Which ligaments bind the cuneiforms to the bases of the metatarsals?
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What shape does the transverse arch resemble?
What shape does the transverse arch resemble?
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Which muscle contributes to the active support of the lateral arch?
Which muscle contributes to the active support of the lateral arch?
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Which of the following best describes the relationship between the medial and lateral arches?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between the medial and lateral arches?
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What provides passive support to the transverse arch?
What provides passive support to the transverse arch?
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Which arch of the foot is described as the highest and most flexible?
Which arch of the foot is described as the highest and most flexible?
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Which of the following bones is not part of the Medial Longitudinal Arch?
Which of the following bones is not part of the Medial Longitudinal Arch?
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What role does the plantar aponeurosis serve in the arches of the foot?
What role does the plantar aponeurosis serve in the arches of the foot?
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Which ligament is key for the support of the transverse arch of the foot?
Which ligament is key for the support of the transverse arch of the foot?
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Which tendon is associated with the support of the Lateral Longitudinal Arch?
Which tendon is associated with the support of the Lateral Longitudinal Arch?
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What is primarily the function of the arches of the foot?
What is primarily the function of the arches of the foot?
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Which of the following metatarsals is included in the Lateral Longitudinal Arch?
Which of the following metatarsals is included in the Lateral Longitudinal Arch?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the Medial Longitudinal Arch's key supports?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Medial Longitudinal Arch's key supports?
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Which bones form the Transverse Arch of the foot?
Which bones form the Transverse Arch of the foot?
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Which of the following structures provides primary passive support to the medial arch?
Which of the following structures provides primary passive support to the medial arch?
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What role does the plantar aponeurosis play in the lateral arch?
What role does the plantar aponeurosis play in the lateral arch?
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Which tendon is primarily responsible for pulling the lateral arch upwards?
Which tendon is primarily responsible for pulling the lateral arch upwards?
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In terms of dynamic support, which muscle is involved in supporting the lateral arch?
In terms of dynamic support, which muscle is involved in supporting the lateral arch?
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Which ligament is considered the most important passive structure supporting the lateral arch?
Which ligament is considered the most important passive structure supporting the lateral arch?
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Which ligaments provide primary passive support to the lateral arch?
Which ligaments provide primary passive support to the lateral arch?
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Which part of the flexor digitorum supports the lateral arch dynamically?
Which part of the flexor digitorum supports the lateral arch dynamically?
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What is the primary function of the long plantar ligament in the lateral arch?
What is the primary function of the long plantar ligament in the lateral arch?
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What is the primary purpose of the medial arch's plantar aponeurosis?
What is the primary purpose of the medial arch's plantar aponeurosis?
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Which structure acts like a staple to support the head of the talus?
Which structure acts like a staple to support the head of the talus?
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Which arch of the foot is described as flatter and more rigid?
Which arch of the foot is described as flatter and more rigid?
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What mechanism provides passive support to the arches of the foot?
What mechanism provides passive support to the arches of the foot?
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What is the primary function of the transverse arch?
What is the primary function of the transverse arch?
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Which ligament is critical for supporting the medial arch but may cause issues if stretched or torn?
Which ligament is critical for supporting the medial arch but may cause issues if stretched or torn?
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Which bones are included in the formation of the transverse arch?
Which bones are included in the formation of the transverse arch?
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What are the active (dynamic) mechanisms that support the arches of the foot?
What are the active (dynamic) mechanisms that support the arches of the foot?
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What role do the plantar and interosseous ligaments play in the medial arch?
What role do the plantar and interosseous ligaments play in the medial arch?
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Which tendon is identified as the most important for dynamic support of the medial arch?
Which tendon is identified as the most important for dynamic support of the medial arch?
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How do the tendons of tibialis posterior and anterior support the medial arch?
How do the tendons of tibialis posterior and anterior support the medial arch?
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In terms of dynamic support, which of the following muscles is less important than the tendon of flexor hallucis longus?
In terms of dynamic support, which of the following muscles is less important than the tendon of flexor hallucis longus?
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What type of mechanism does the plantar aponeurosis provide for the medial arch?
What type of mechanism does the plantar aponeurosis provide for the medial arch?
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Which of the following muscles primarily provides active support for the medial arch?
Which of the following muscles primarily provides active support for the medial arch?
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Which ligament acts as a 'staple' to support the head of the talus?
Which ligament acts as a 'staple' to support the head of the talus?
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Which of the following components contributes to the passive stability of the medial arch?
Which of the following components contributes to the passive stability of the medial arch?
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Study Notes
The Arches of the Foot
- The foot has 3 arches: medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, and transverse
- The medial arch is the highest and most flexible; includes the calcaneus, talus, navicular, medial cuneiform, and heads of the first two metatarsals
- The lateral arch is flatter and more stable; includes the calcaneus, cuboid, and the lateral three metatarsals
- The transverse arch is dome-shaped; includes the three cuneiforms, the cuboid, and the bases of the metatarsals
- The arches act to deform, absorb energy, and release energy during weight transfer
Medial Arch Support Mechanisms
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Passive mechanisms:
- Plantar aponeurosis: a tie-beam structure that resists separation of the metatarsal heads from the calcaneus
- Spring ligament: acts like a staple to support the talus from underneath, preventing it from dropping between the navicular and calcaneus
- Plantar and interosseous ligaments: bind individual bones of the medial arch, acting as staples to support the talus from underneath
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Active mechanisms:
- Tendon of flexor hallucis longus: acts as a dynamic tie beam that pulls the first metatarsal head closer to the calcaneus
- Intrinsic foot muscles: medial tendons flexor digitorum longus, medial part of flexor digitorum brevis, and abductor hallucis; provide less support than the tendon of flexor hallucis longus
- Tendons of tibialis posterior and anterior: act like suspension wires to support the medial arch from above
Lateral Arch Support Mechanisms
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Passive mechanisms:
- Long and short plantar ligaments: short plantar ligament prevents calcaneus and cuboid from separating, long plantar ligand maintains concavity
- Plantar aponeurosis: lateral bands support the arch, preventing separation of the 4th and 5th metatarsals from the calcaneus
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Active mechanisms:
- Tendon of peroneus longus: pulls the lateral arch upwards
- Tendon of peroneus brevis: prevents the 5th metatarsal from separating from the cuboid
- Intrinsic foot muscles: lateral part of flexor digitorum brevis and abductor digiti minimi; provide less support than the plantar ligaments and peroneus longus
Transverse Arch Support Mechanisms
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Bony mechanisms:
- Cuneiform bones: wedge shape squeezes adjacent bones together during weight-bearing
- Cuboid: wedge shape provides support
- Plantar and interosseous ligaments: bind the cuneiforms to the bases of the metatarsals and prevent arch collapse during weight bearing
- Tendon peroneus longus: acts as a dynamic beam that pulls the medial and lateral pillars of the arch closer together during weight bearing
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Description
This quiz explores the three arches of the foot: medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, and transverse. Learn about their structures, functions, and support mechanisms, including passive elements like the plantar aponeurosis and spring ligament. Enhance your understanding of foot anatomy and its significance in weight transfer.
