Arbovirus Characteristics

What is an Arbovirus?

• Arbovirus is a term used to describe a group of viruses that are transmitted to humans through the bite of infected arthropods (such as mosquitoes, ticks, and flies)
• The name "arbovirus" is derived from the words "arthropod-borne virus"

Characteristics of Arboviruses

• RNA viruses
• Typically single-stranded and positive-sense
• Enveloped viruses with a lipid membrane
• Replicate in both arthropod and vertebrate hosts
• Can cause a range of diseases in humans, from mild to severe and life-threatening

Types of Arboviruses

• Flaviviruses:
  • Examples: Dengue, Yellow Fever, Zika, West Nile
  • Typically transmitted by mosquitoes
• Togaviruses:
  • Examples: Chikungunya, Ross River Fever
  • Typically transmitted by mosquitoes
• Bunyaviruses:
  • Examples: La Crosse Encephalitis, Rift Valley Fever
  • Typically transmitted by mosquitoes and ticks
• Alphaviruses:
  • Examples: Eastern Equine Encephalitis, Western Equine Encephalitis
  • Typically transmitted by mosquitoes

Epidemiology of Arboviruses

• Found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world
• Outbreaks and epidemics can occur in areas with high vector populations and conducive environmental conditions
• Human migration and travel can facilitate the spread of arboviruses to new regions

Disease Prevention and Control

• Vector control measures: elimination of breeding sites, use of insecticides, and personal protective measures (e.g. insect repellents, clothing)
• Vaccination: available for some arboviruses, such as Yellow Fever and Japanese Encephalitis
• Surveillance and monitoring: early detection and response to outbreaks and epidemics

What is an Arbovirus?

• Arbovirus is a term used to describe a group of viruses transmitted to humans through the bite of infected arthropods (mosquitoes, ticks, and flies)
• The name "arbovirus" comes from the words "arthropod-borne virus"

Characteristics of Arboviruses

• Arboviruses are RNA viruses
• They are typically single-stranded and positive-sense
• Enveloped viruses with a lipid membrane
• They replicate in both arthropod and vertebrate hosts
• Can cause a range of diseases in humans, from mild to severe and life-threatening

Types of Arboviruses

• Flaviviruses: Dengue, Yellow Fever, Zika, West Nile, typically transmitted by mosquitoes
• Togaviruses: Chikungunya, Ross River Fever, typically transmitted by mosquitoes
• Bunyaviruses: La Crosse Encephalitis, Rift Valley Fever, typically transmitted by mosquitoes and ticks
• Alphaviruses: Eastern Equine Encephalitis, Western Equine Encephalitis, typically transmitted by mosquitoes

Epidemiology of Arboviruses

• Found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world
• Outbreaks and epidemics occur in areas with high vector populations and conducive environmental conditions
• Human migration and travel facilitate the spread of arboviruses to new regions

Disease Prevention and Control

• Vector control measures: elimination of breeding sites, use of insecticides, and personal protective measures (e.g. insect repellents, clothing)
• Vaccination: available for some arboviruses, such as Yellow Fever and Japanese Encephalitis
• Surveillance and monitoring: early detection and response to outbreaks and epidemics