Aquatic Animals Osmoregulation Classification

Where does filtration of the blood primarily occur in the kidney?

Glomerular capsule

Which part of the nephron is responsible for reabsorption of water and solutes?

Proximal convoluted tubule

What is the function of the peritubular capillaries in the nephron anatomy?

Reabsorption of water and solutes

Which blood vessel brings blood to the glomerulus in the kidneys?

Afferent arteriole Signup and view all the answers

What structure surrounds the glomerulus in a nephron?

Glomerular capsule Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the kidney are the loop of Henle and peritubular capillary network located?

Renal Medulla Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the distal tubule in the kidney?

Regulates the K+ and NaCl concentrations of body fluids Signup and view all the answers

How does the collecting duct contribute to water conservation in the kidney?

Conducts filtrate through an osmolarity gradient to reabsorb water Signup and view all the answers

What role does urea play in the process of concentrating urine in the kidney?

Diffuses out of the collecting duct in the inner medulla Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the kidney plays a crucial role in producing urine hyperosmotic to the blood?

Thin segment of ascending limb Signup and view all the answers

What is measured by the osmolality urine test?

Concentration of particles in urine Signup and view all the answers

What might be indicated by a greater-than-normal osmolality urine test result?

Addison's disease, congestive heart failure or shock Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for the osmotic gradient that concentrates urine?

Loop of Henle Signup and view all the answers

What occurs as blood pressure forces fluid from the blood in the glomerulus into Bowman’s capsule?

Filtration of the blood Signup and view all the answers

Where does reabsorption of water primarily occur in the kidney?

Loop of Henle Signup and view all the answers

Which region follows Bowman’s capsule in the pathway of the filtrate through a nephron?

Proximal tubule Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the osmolarity of the interstitial fluid in the kidney?

NaCl and urea Signup and view all the answers

What brings filtered blood from the glomerulus to the rest of the kidney and back to general circulation?

Efferent arteriole Signup and view all the answers

What hormone increases water reabsorption in the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for regulating salt reabsorption in the kidney?

Aldosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of angiotensin II in the body?

Increases blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones decreases blood pressure by acting as a vasodilator and increasing glomerular filtration rate?

Atrial natriuretic peptide Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is stored in the posterior pituitary and prevents water loss in the body?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Signup and view all the answers

What process does atrial natriuretic peptide mainly affect in the kidneys?

Sodium reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe animals that can only tolerate a narrow range of salt concentrations?

Stenohaline Signup and view all the answers

How do most bony fishes regulate their body fluids in relation to salt content?

By being osmoconformers Signup and view all the answers

Which nitrogenous waste product requires much less water per unit of nitrogen excreted?

Urea Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of flame cells in Planarians?

Excrete metabolic wastes into the environment Signup and view all the answers

How do terrestrial animals reduce water loss when excreting nitrogen wastes?

By excreting uric acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional unit of the mammalian kidney?

Nephron Signup and view all the answers

NEPHRONS are composed of:

A single long tubule and a ball of capillaries called the glomerulus Signup and view all the answers

JuxtaCortical nephrons are associated with which part of the kidney?

Renal cortex Signup and view all the answers

Filtration in excretory systems refers to:

Pressure-filtering of body fluids Signup and view all the answers

Secretion in excretory systems involves adding:

Toxins and other solutes from body fluids to the filtrate Signup and view all the answers