APUSH Unit 7 Review, 1890-1945

Questions and Answers

What led to the Taft-TR Split?

TR got Taft the presidency, but became annoyed with Taft's conservative policies, especially when he used the Sherman Anti-Trust Act to break up US Steel which TR thought was a 'good trust'.

What is the Bull Moose Party also known as?

Socialist Party

Progressive Party (correct)

Democratic Party

Republican Party

What was the outcome of the Election of 1912?

The Republican vote was split between Taft and TR, allowing the Democrats to win with Wilson.

What did the Panic of 1907 reveal?

It showed the inelasticity of currency and the lack of banking reserves in non-cities. Signup and view all the answers

What were the components of Wilson's New Freedom?

Tariff reform, banking reform, business reform Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 16th Amendment?

It allows the federal government to levy an income tax. Signup and view all the answers

What did Muller V Oregon (1908) achieve?

It protected women in the workplace but was later used to prevent them from taking certain jobs. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 do?

It added to the list of objectionable business practices and exempted trade unions from antitrust legislation. Signup and view all the answers

Which acts were part of Farmer Reform under Wilson and Harding?

Federal Farm and Loan Act, Warehouse Act, Capper-Volstead Act Signup and view all the answers

What was included in Wilson's Worker Reform?

Laws such as La Follette Seamen's Act, Workmen's Compensation Act, Keating Owen Act, and Adams Act. Signup and view all the answers

What was one key aspect of Wilson's Foreign Policy?

Repeal of the Panama Canal Tolls Act of 1912, granting the US access to the canal without payment. Signup and view all the answers

What was General Victoriano Huerta's role in Mexico during Wilson's presidency?

He took over Mexico amid chaos, leading to tensions with the US. Signup and view all the answers

What were the main powers involved in WW1?

Central Powers: Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria; Allies: Serbia, Russia, France, UK, Italy, Belgium, US, Japan Signup and view all the answers

Most Americans were in favor of entering WW1 when it began in 1914.

False Signup and view all the answers

What triggered the US's involvement in WW1?

Trade with Allies and attacks on American ships by German U-boats. Signup and view all the answers

What happened to the Lusitania?

It was sunk by German U-boats on May 7, 1915, killing many, including Americans. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Zimmerman Note?

A telegram from Germany attempting to encourage Mexico to ally against the US. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Taft-TR Split

TR appointed Taft as president but grew frustrated with his conservative policies.
Taft's use of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act against US Steel angered TR, who viewed it as a "good trust."

Bull Moose Party

Also known as the Progressive Party, founded by TR to challenge the Democratic Party after Taft's renomination.

Election of 1912

The Republican vote split between Taft and TR, resulting in a Democratic victory with Woodrow Wilson.

Panic of 1907

Highlighted the inflexibility of the currency and the lack of banking reserves outside urban areas.

Wilson's New Freedom / "Triple Wall of Privilege"

Tariff reform through the Underwood Tariff Act of 1913, lowering tariffs and establishing a graduated income tax.
Business reform via the Federal Trade Act of 1914, creating a commission to investigate illegal business practices, complemented by the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914.
Banking reform established the Federal Reserve System in 1913, creating a national banking system with the power to issue paper money and regulate its supply.

16th Amendment

Permitted the federal government to levy an income tax.

Muller v. Oregon (1908)

Supreme Court case that protected women in the workforce, later used to justify restrictions on women's employment in certain industries.

Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914

Expanded the Sherman Act by adding more objectionable business practices such as price discrimination and interlocking directorates.
Provided exemptions for trade unions from antitrust laws and legalized peaceful strikes.

Farmer Reform under Wilson and Harding

Federal Farm and Loan Act of 1916 offered low-interest loans to farmers.
Warehouse Act of 1916 allowed loans based on the security of staple crops.
Capper-Volstead Act of 1922 exempted farmers from antitrust laws.
Investment in highway construction and agricultural education at colleges.

Worker Reform under Wilson

La Follette Seamen's Act of 1915 mandated decent treatment and minimum wage for seamen despite negative impacts on the U.S. merchant marine.
Workmen's Compensation Act of 1916 provided assistance to federal employees during disability.
The Keating-Owen Act of 1916 aimed to limit child labor but was struck down in Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918).
Adams Act of 1916 established an eight-hour workday and overtime pay for interstate train workers.

Wilson's Foreign Policy

Repealed the Panama Canal Tolls Act of 1912, allowing the U.S. free use of the canal.
The Jones Act of 1916 granted territorial status to the Philippines with a promise of future independence.
Addressed issues with Japanese settlers in California concerning land ownership.
U.S. became a protectorate over Haiti amidst instability.
U.S. military intervention in the Dominican Republic and purchase of the Virgin Islands in 1917.

U.S. Foreign Policy - Mexico

General Victoriano Huerta's regime created chaos in Mexico, endangering U.S. interests.
Wilson refrained from direct intervention but allowed arms shipments; tensions escalated after the arrest of U.S. sailors in Tampico.
The ABC powers helped mediate, leading to Huerta's fall and supporting Carranza, while also sending General Pershing to pursue Pancho Villa.

WWI Begins in 1914

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by a Serbian nationalist triggered a chain reaction among allied nations.

Central Powers & Allies

Central Powers included Austria-Hungary, Germany, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria.
Allies comprised Serbia, Russia, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Belgium, the U.S., and Japan.

Wilson Declares Neutrality in 1914

Initial U.S. stance was neutrality; public sentiment favored remaining out of the conflict while anti-German feelings increased.

U.S. Trade in WWI

U.S. trade with Allies flourished, causing tensions with Central Powers who objected; legality of trade was upheld as Germany had no barriers to U.S. trade.
German U-boats threatened shipping lanes, leading to increased tensions in 1915.

Lusitania, Arabic, Sussex Incidents

The Lusitania sank on May 7, 1915, with American casualties, igniting public outrage.
The British liner Arabic was sunk in August 1915, killing two Americans.
The Sussex was attacked in March 1916, leading Germany to issue the Sussex pledge to provide warnings before attacks, later revoked in favor of unrestricted submarine warfare.

Zimmerman Note

An intercepted telegram on March 1, 1917, revealed Germany's attempt to enlist Mexico as an ally against the U.S., escalating hostilities.

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Test your knowledge on key events and figures from APUSH Unit 7, covering the years 1890 to 1945. This quiz includes important concepts like the Taft-TR Split, the Bull Moose Party, and the Election of 1912. Prepare for your exams with these flashcards!