APUSH Unit 1 Review Flashcards

Geographic and Historical Terms

• Ice Age: Period marked by extensive glacier coverage across North America.
• Lake Bonneville: An ancient inland sea from melting glaciers; remnants form the Great Salt Lake.
• Indies: Incorrectly named by early European explorers, mistakenly associating American lands with Asia.

Indigenous Cultures

• Corn (Maize): Essential crop that served as a foundation for various Native American civilizations.
• Cahokia: Significant Mississippian cultural site located near present-day East St. Louis, Illinois.
• Pueblos: Indigenous people from the Rio Grande Valley, oppressed by Spanish conquerors.
• Iroquois Confederacy: Strong coalition of several Native American nations dominating New York and the Great Lakes.

European Exploration and Colonization

• Portugal: First European nation to explore the west coast of Africa.
• Treaty of Tordesillas: Agreement dividing the New World between Spain and Portugal to prevent conflicts over territory.
• Columbus: Italian explorer who mistakenly believed he reached Asia instead of the New World.
• John Cabot: Italian navigator exploring North America's coast under English patronage in 1498.

Notable Figures

• Ferdinand and Isabella: Spanish monarchs who financed Columbus' voyages.
• Cortes and Pizarro: Spanish conquistadors responsible for the downfall of major Native American civilizations.
• Malinche: Indigenous woman who acted as interpreter for Cortes, facilitating Spanish conquest.

Disease and Its Impact

• Syphilis: Disease originating in the Americas that spread to Europe post-1492.
• Spanish Franciscans: Religious order establishing missions in California to spread Christianity.

Conflicts and Uprisings

• Pope's Rebellion: Native American revolt in New Mexico against Spanish religious oppression in 1609.
• 1st and 2nd Powhatan Wars: Conflicts (1614 and 1644) between English settlers in Jamestown and local Native leaders.

Colonial Developments

• Royal Charter: Document granting rights to set up colonies and protections for settlers.
• Royal Colony: Colony directly controlled by the English monarchy; settled under royal authority.
• Indentured Servants: Individuals entering unpaid labor agreements for a number of years, typically in exchange for passage to America.

Societal Structures

• Mestizo: Individuals of mixed European and Indigenous ancestry.
• Slave Codes: Legal frameworks governing the treatment and rights of enslaved Africans, first established in Barbados.

Other Notable locations

• Tenochtitlan: The prosperous capital of the Aztec Empire, notable for its wealth and advanced society.
• St. Augustine: The oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in present-day U.S., founded by the Spanish in 1565.
• Roanoke Island: Site of the first attempted English colony that vanished mysteriously in the 1580s.

Cultural Exchange

• Horse: The introduction of this animal by Europeans transformed Native American life, particularly on the Great Plains.

Historical Events and Outcomes

• Spanish Armada: Naval fleet defeated by English forces in 1588, impacting the balance of power in Europe and the Americas.

Test your knowledge of key concepts from APUSH Unit 1 with these flashcards. Learn about significant terms such as Ice Age, corn as a staple crop, and the Cahokia site, which played a crucial role in early American civilizations. Perfect for quick revision before exams!