APUSH Unit 1 Review Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the Ice Age?

  • The age of dinosaurs
  • A period of global warming
  • A phase in the evolution of man
  • An extended period when glaciers covered most of North America (correct)
  • What was the staple crop that formed the economic foundation of Indian civilizations?

    Corn (Maize)

    What is Cahokia?

    Important Mississippian culture site near present-day East St. Louis, Illinois

    Which European nation was the first to send explorers around the west coast of Africa?

    <p>Portugal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the capital of the flourishing West African kingdom of Mali?

    <p>Timbuktu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'Indies' referred to American lands because explorers believed they reached Asia.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What transformed the Indian way of life on the Great Plains?

    <p>Horse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What disease originated in the Americas and affected Europeans after 1492?

    <p>Syphilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?

    <p>Treaty that divided lands in the Americas between Spain and Portugal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is referred to as a Mestizo?

    <p>A person of mixed European and Indian ancestry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Pope's Rebellion?

    <p>Indian uprising in New Mexico against Spanish suppression of Indian religion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the Pueblos?

    <p>Indian people of the Rio Grande Valley oppresses by Spanish conquerors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the Spanish Franciscans?

    <p>Roman Catholic religious order that organized missions in California</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who financed Columbus' voyages to the New World?

    <p>Ferdinand and Isabella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were Cortes and Pizarro?

    <p>Spanish conquerors of great Indian civilizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Lake Bonneville?

    <p>An inland sea left by melting glaciers, remnant is the Great Salt Lake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were Dias and da Gama?

    <p>Portuguese navigators who sailed around the African coast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Columbus?

    <p>Italian-born explorer who mistakenly believed he reached Asia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Malinche?

    <p>Female Indian slave who served as interpreter for Cortes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Montezuma?

    <p>Powerful Aztec monarch who fell to Spanish conquerors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Hiawatha?

    <p>Legendary founder of the powerful Iroquois Confederacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Tenochtitlan?

    <p>Wealthy capital of the Aztec empire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is St. Augustine?

    <p>Oldest continually inhabited European settlement in the United States, founded in 1565</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was John Cabot?

    <p>Italian-born navigator sent by the English to explore the North American coast in 1498</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Junipero Serra?

    <p>Franciscan missionary who settled California</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nation employed brutal tactics against Catholics in Ireland?

    <p>England</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened to the Roanoke Island colony?

    <p>It mysteriously disappeared in the 1580s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Spanish Armada?

    <p>Naval invaders defeated by English 'sea dogs' in 1588</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the 1st and 2nd Powhatan Wars?

    <p>Wars fought in 1614 and 1644 between the English in Jamestown and the Powhatan Confederacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were slave codes?

    <p>Harsh laws governing African labor first developed in Barbados</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Royal Charter?

    <p>Royal document granting a group the right to form a colony and guaranteeing rights as English citizens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are indentured servants?

    <p>Penniless people obligated to engage in unpaid labor for a fixed number of years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Iroquois Confederacy?

    <p>Powerful Indian confederation that dominated New York and the eastern Great Lakes area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are squatters?

    <p>Poor farmers who occupied land without legal title</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a royal colony?

    <p>A colony under direct control of the English king or queen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Geographic and Historical Terms

    • Ice Age: Period marked by extensive glacier coverage across North America.
    • Lake Bonneville: An ancient inland sea from melting glaciers; remnants form the Great Salt Lake.
    • Indies: Incorrectly named by early European explorers, mistakenly associating American lands with Asia.

    Indigenous Cultures

    • Corn (Maize): Essential crop that served as a foundation for various Native American civilizations.
    • Cahokia: Significant Mississippian cultural site located near present-day East St. Louis, Illinois.
    • Pueblos: Indigenous people from the Rio Grande Valley, oppressed by Spanish conquerors.
    • Iroquois Confederacy: Strong coalition of several Native American nations dominating New York and the Great Lakes.

    European Exploration and Colonization

    • Portugal: First European nation to explore the west coast of Africa.
    • Treaty of Tordesillas: Agreement dividing the New World between Spain and Portugal to prevent conflicts over territory.
    • Columbus: Italian explorer who mistakenly believed he reached Asia instead of the New World.
    • John Cabot: Italian navigator exploring North America's coast under English patronage in 1498.

    Notable Figures

    • Ferdinand and Isabella: Spanish monarchs who financed Columbus' voyages.
    • Cortes and Pizarro: Spanish conquistadors responsible for the downfall of major Native American civilizations.
    • Malinche: Indigenous woman who acted as interpreter for Cortes, facilitating Spanish conquest.

    Disease and Its Impact

    • Syphilis: Disease originating in the Americas that spread to Europe post-1492.
    • Spanish Franciscans: Religious order establishing missions in California to spread Christianity.

    Conflicts and Uprisings

    • Pope's Rebellion: Native American revolt in New Mexico against Spanish religious oppression in 1609.
    • 1st and 2nd Powhatan Wars: Conflicts (1614 and 1644) between English settlers in Jamestown and local Native leaders.

    Colonial Developments

    • Royal Charter: Document granting rights to set up colonies and protections for settlers.
    • Royal Colony: Colony directly controlled by the English monarchy; settled under royal authority.
    • Indentured Servants: Individuals entering unpaid labor agreements for a number of years, typically in exchange for passage to America.

    Societal Structures

    • Mestizo: Individuals of mixed European and Indigenous ancestry.
    • Slave Codes: Legal frameworks governing the treatment and rights of enslaved Africans, first established in Barbados.

    Other Notable locations

    • Tenochtitlan: The prosperous capital of the Aztec Empire, notable for its wealth and advanced society.
    • St. Augustine: The oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in present-day U.S., founded by the Spanish in 1565.
    • Roanoke Island: Site of the first attempted English colony that vanished mysteriously in the 1580s.

    Cultural Exchange

    • Horse: The introduction of this animal by Europeans transformed Native American life, particularly on the Great Plains.

    Historical Events and Outcomes

    • Spanish Armada: Naval fleet defeated by English forces in 1588, impacting the balance of power in Europe and the Americas.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of key concepts from APUSH Unit 1 with these flashcards. Learn about significant terms such as Ice Age, corn as a staple crop, and the Cahokia site, which played a crucial role in early American civilizations. Perfect for quick revision before exams!

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