APUSH Unit 1 Review Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the Ice Age?

The age of dinosaurs

A period of global warming

A phase in the evolution of man

An extended period when glaciers covered most of North America (correct)

What was the staple crop that formed the economic foundation of Indian civilizations?

Corn (Maize)

What is Cahokia?

Important Mississippian culture site near present-day East St. Louis, Illinois

Which European nation was the first to send explorers around the west coast of Africa?

Portugal Signup and view all the answers

What was the capital of the flourishing West African kingdom of Mali?

Timbuktu Signup and view all the answers

The term 'Indies' referred to American lands because explorers believed they reached Asia.

True Signup and view all the answers

What transformed the Indian way of life on the Great Plains?

Horse Signup and view all the answers

What disease originated in the Americas and affected Europeans after 1492?

Syphilis Signup and view all the answers

What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?

Treaty that divided lands in the Americas between Spain and Portugal Signup and view all the answers

Who is referred to as a Mestizo?

A person of mixed European and Indian ancestry Signup and view all the answers

What was Pope's Rebellion?

Indian uprising in New Mexico against Spanish suppression of Indian religion Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Pueblos?

Indian people of the Rio Grande Valley oppresses by Spanish conquerors Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Spanish Franciscans?

Roman Catholic religious order that organized missions in California Signup and view all the answers

Who financed Columbus' voyages to the New World?

Ferdinand and Isabella Signup and view all the answers

Who were Cortes and Pizarro?

Spanish conquerors of great Indian civilizations Signup and view all the answers

What is Lake Bonneville?

An inland sea left by melting glaciers, remnant is the Great Salt Lake Signup and view all the answers

Who were Dias and da Gama?

Portuguese navigators who sailed around the African coast Signup and view all the answers

Who was Columbus?

Italian-born explorer who mistakenly believed he reached Asia Signup and view all the answers

Who was Malinche?

Female Indian slave who served as interpreter for Cortes Signup and view all the answers

Who was Montezuma?

Powerful Aztec monarch who fell to Spanish conquerors Signup and view all the answers

Who was Hiawatha?

Legendary founder of the powerful Iroquois Confederacy Signup and view all the answers

What was Tenochtitlan?

Wealthy capital of the Aztec empire Signup and view all the answers

What is St. Augustine?

Oldest continually inhabited European settlement in the United States, founded in 1565 Signup and view all the answers

Who was John Cabot?

Italian-born navigator sent by the English to explore the North American coast in 1498 Signup and view all the answers

Who was Junipero Serra?

Franciscan missionary who settled California Signup and view all the answers

What nation employed brutal tactics against Catholics in Ireland?

England Signup and view all the answers

What happened to the Roanoke Island colony?

It mysteriously disappeared in the 1580s Signup and view all the answers

What was the Spanish Armada?

Naval invaders defeated by English 'sea dogs' in 1588 Signup and view all the answers

What were the 1st and 2nd Powhatan Wars?

Wars fought in 1614 and 1644 between the English in Jamestown and the Powhatan Confederacy Signup and view all the answers

What were slave codes?

Harsh laws governing African labor first developed in Barbados Signup and view all the answers

What is a Royal Charter?

Royal document granting a group the right to form a colony and guaranteeing rights as English citizens Signup and view all the answers

What are indentured servants?

Penniless people obligated to engage in unpaid labor for a fixed number of years Signup and view all the answers

What is the Iroquois Confederacy?

Powerful Indian confederation that dominated New York and the eastern Great Lakes area Signup and view all the answers

Who are squatters?

Poor farmers who occupied land without legal title Signup and view all the answers

What is a royal colony?

A colony under direct control of the English king or queen Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Geographic and Historical Terms

Ice Age: Period marked by extensive glacier coverage across North America.
Lake Bonneville: An ancient inland sea from melting glaciers; remnants form the Great Salt Lake.
Indies: Incorrectly named by early European explorers, mistakenly associating American lands with Asia.

Indigenous Cultures

Corn (Maize): Essential crop that served as a foundation for various Native American civilizations.
Cahokia: Significant Mississippian cultural site located near present-day East St. Louis, Illinois.
Pueblos: Indigenous people from the Rio Grande Valley, oppressed by Spanish conquerors.
Iroquois Confederacy: Strong coalition of several Native American nations dominating New York and the Great Lakes.

European Exploration and Colonization

Portugal: First European nation to explore the west coast of Africa.
Treaty of Tordesillas: Agreement dividing the New World between Spain and Portugal to prevent conflicts over territory.
Columbus: Italian explorer who mistakenly believed he reached Asia instead of the New World.
John Cabot: Italian navigator exploring North America's coast under English patronage in 1498.

Notable Figures

Ferdinand and Isabella: Spanish monarchs who financed Columbus' voyages.
Cortes and Pizarro: Spanish conquistadors responsible for the downfall of major Native American civilizations.
Malinche: Indigenous woman who acted as interpreter for Cortes, facilitating Spanish conquest.

Disease and Its Impact

Syphilis: Disease originating in the Americas that spread to Europe post-1492.
Spanish Franciscans: Religious order establishing missions in California to spread Christianity.

Conflicts and Uprisings

Pope's Rebellion: Native American revolt in New Mexico against Spanish religious oppression in 1609.
1st and 2nd Powhatan Wars: Conflicts (1614 and 1644) between English settlers in Jamestown and local Native leaders.

Colonial Developments

Royal Charter: Document granting rights to set up colonies and protections for settlers.
Royal Colony: Colony directly controlled by the English monarchy; settled under royal authority.
Indentured Servants: Individuals entering unpaid labor agreements for a number of years, typically in exchange for passage to America.

Societal Structures

Mestizo: Individuals of mixed European and Indigenous ancestry.
Slave Codes: Legal frameworks governing the treatment and rights of enslaved Africans, first established in Barbados.

Other Notable locations

Tenochtitlan: The prosperous capital of the Aztec Empire, notable for its wealth and advanced society.
St. Augustine: The oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in present-day U.S., founded by the Spanish in 1565.
Roanoke Island: Site of the first attempted English colony that vanished mysteriously in the 1580s.

Cultural Exchange

Horse: The introduction of this animal by Europeans transformed Native American life, particularly on the Great Plains.

Historical Events and Outcomes

Spanish Armada: Naval fleet defeated by English forces in 1588, impacting the balance of power in Europe and the Americas.

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Test your knowledge of key concepts from APUSH Unit 1 with these flashcards. Learn about significant terms such as Ice Age, corn as a staple crop, and the Cahokia site, which played a crucial role in early American civilizations. Perfect for quick revision before exams!