Questions and Answers
What is a staple crop?
What was New Netherland?
North America's first experiment in ethnic and religious pluralism.
Who was Magellan?
Portuguese navigator in the service of Spain who was the first to circumnavigate the globe.
What does Calvinism emphasize?
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What was the Northwest Passage sought for?
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Who were the Huguenots?
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What was the Thirty Years War?
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What was the Dutch West India Company?
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What was New France?
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Who was Martin Luther?
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What was the Protestant Reformation?
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Who was Jacques Cartier?
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Who discovered the Hudson River?
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What is the Dutch Reformed Church?
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Who was John Cabot?
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What is the Church of England?
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Who was Humphrey Gilbert?
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What was the Spanish Armada?
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Study Notes
Key Historical Terms and Events
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Staple Crop
- Essential cash crops like tobacco and sugar, primarily cultivated for sale in Europe from colonial territories.
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New Netherland
- Established by the Dutch West India Company, it was an early experiment in ethnic and religious diversity in North America, mainly known for the fur trade; devastated by the Pavonia Massacre.
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Ferdinand Magellan
- Portuguese navigator who first completed the circumnavigation of the globe, showcasing the vastness of the Earth.
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Calvinism
- Founded by John Calvin, this Protestant sect emphasized moral conduct and predestination, advocating for a system of government representing the populace with a clear separation from religious institutions.
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Northwest Passage
- The sought-after water route through North America aimed at facilitating trade with Asia, crucial to early exploration efforts.
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Huguenots
- French Calvinists, many from noble backgrounds, who opposed the Catholic monarchy; significant players in the French religious landscape.
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Thirty Years War
- A brutal European conflict (1618-1648) involving Catholic and Protestant states, escalating into a major struggle for power across Europe; concluded with the Treaty of Westphalia.
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Dutch West India Company
- A trading corporation chartered in 1621 to manage Dutch trade in the Americas and Africa, instrumental in Dutch colonial ventures.
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New France
- French territories in North America, spanning the St. Lawrence River to the Mississippi River, with Quebec as its capital, established in 1608 and lost to the British in 1763.
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Martin Luther
- German monk whose 95 theses in 1517 criticized the Catholic Church, triggering the Protestant Reformation and altering the religious landscape of Europe.
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Protestant Reformation
- A 16th-century movement aimed at reforming the Catholic Church, resulting in the establishment of various Protestant denominations.
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Jacques Cartier
- French explorer who navigated the St. Lawrence River and claimed Canada for France, advancing European knowledge of North America.
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Henry Hudson
- Explorer who discovered what is now the Hudson River; sailing for the Dutch, he sought a northwest passage through North America.
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Dutch Reformed Church
- A Protestant denomination rooted in Calvinism, it became the state church of the Netherlands, influencing political movements against Spanish rule.
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John Cabot
- Italian navigator who led the first English expedition to North America in 1497, charting parts of the northeastern coast.
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Church of England
- Established by Henry VIII in 1534, this Protestant church emerged from a split with the Roman Catholic Church, initially opposed to Protestant reforms but later accommodating them.
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Humphrey Gilbert
- English explorer known for his colonization efforts in Newfoundland, he died at sea in 1583 before establishing a lasting settlement.
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Spanish Armada
- The fleet that attempted to invade England in 1588, its failure marked the beginning of Spain’s decline and the rise of England as a naval power, influenced by adverse weather and tactical advantages of the English navy.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts from APUSH Unit 1 with these flashcards. This set covers important terms like staple crops and New Netherland, providing definitions and historical context. Perfect for students preparing for AP U.S. History.
