Questions and Answers
Who was the 28th president of the United States known for his leadership during World War I?
What was Woodrow Wilson's domestic policy called?
New Freedom
What was the nickname for the new Progressive Party formed to support Roosevelt in the election of 1912?
Bull Moose Party
What did Roosevelt's New Nationalism policy favor?
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Who was Herbert Croly?
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What was significant about the Election of 1912?
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What is the Triple Wall of Privilege?
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What did the Underwood Tariff establish?
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What did the 16th Amendment legalize?
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What was the purpose of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913?
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What was the role of the Federal Trade Commission established in 1914?
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What did the Clayton Anti-Trust Act do?
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What did the Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916 provide?
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What did the Jones Act of 1916 grant to the Philippines?
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What is Moral Diplomacy?
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Who was Victoriano Huerta?
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Who was Pancho Villa?
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What were the ABC Powers?
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Who was General John (Black Jack) Pershing?
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What was referred to as the 'Great War'?
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Who were the Central Powers in World War I?
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Which countries were part of the Allied Powers in World War I?
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What is American neutrality in the context of World War I?
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What were U-Boats used for in World War I?
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What happened to the HMS Lusitania?
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What was the significance of the Sussex Pledge?
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What was the main concern of voters in the Election of 1916?
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What was Woodrow Wilson's campaign slogan in 1916?
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Study Notes
Woodrow Wilson
- 28th President of the United States; led during World War I.
- Established key institutions: Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, and Clayton Antitrust Act.
- Advocated for progressive income tax and lower tariffs; supported women's suffrage.
- Proposed the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations; did not secure U.S. ratification.
- Recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.
New Freedom
- Wilson's domestic policy aimed at reforming banking, reducing tariffs, and modifying antitrust laws.
Political Parties and Elections
- Bull Moose Party: Progressive Party that backed Roosevelt in 1912 election.
- New Nationalism: Roosevelt's policy emphasizing significant governmental intervention for social justice.
- Election of 1912: Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote, allowing Wilson to win the presidency.
Economic Reforms
- Triple Wall of Privilege: Concept highlighting banks, trusts, and tariffs that Wilson intended to dismantle.
- Underwood Tariff (1913): Reduced tariff rates by almost 15% and established a graduated income tax.
- 16th Amendment: Legalized federal income tax.
Legislative Acts
- Federal Reserve Act (1913): Established a central banking system to ensure a flexible monetary policy and economic stability.
- Federal Trade Commission (1914): Aimed to protect competition and prevent unfair business practices.
- Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914): Expanded Sherman Anti-Trust Act; exempted labor unions from being classified as trusts, legalized strikes.
Additional Legislation and Foreign Relations
- Federal Farm Loan Act (1916): Offered low-interest credit to farmers.
- Jones Act (1916): Granted territorial status to the Philippines with a promise of future independence.
- U.S. occupation of Haiti (1915-1934) to safeguard American interests.
Foreign Policy
- Moral Diplomacy: Wilson's approach focused on promoting democratic ideals over imperialistic practices.
- Victoriano Huerta: Mexican leader during the violent revolution of 1913; opposed by U.S. intervention.
- Pancho Villa: A Mexican revolutionary responsible for attacks on Americans, leading to U.S. military pursuit.
World War I Context
- ABC Powers: Argentina, Brazil, and Chile attempted to mediate U.S.-Mexico disputes in 1914.
- Central Powers: Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire during WWI.
- Allied Powers: Included Britain, France, Russia, and later the U.S. and Italy; opposed Central Powers.
U.S. Neutrality and Involvement
- Early policy of American Neutrality allowed economic growth through trade with belligerent nations.
- U-Boats: German submarines that targeted Allied ships; linked to significant incidents like the sinking of the HMS Lusitania (1915).
- Sussex Pledge (1916): Germany agreed to stop attacks on passenger ships after U.S. protests but considered resuming if blockades continued.
Election of 1916
- Main voter concern was U.S. involvement in World War I.
- Wilson defeated Supreme Court Justice Charles E. Hughes by a narrow margin, leveraging the slogan "He Kept Us Out Of War."
- Ironically, Wilson contradicted this slogan shortly after taking office.
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Description
This quiz focuses on key vocabulary from Chapter 29 of 'The American Pageant' related to the progressive era and World War I. Test your knowledge of important figures and concepts, including Woodrow Wilson and New Freedom. Enhance your understanding of American history through these flashcards.
