Questions and Answers
Which countries were the four main colonizers of America?
What is mercantilism?
An economic system to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests; the colony existed only for the mother country.
What were Encomiendes?
A labor system employed by the Spanish crown during the Spanish colonization of America and the Philippines.
Who was Father La Casas?
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What were the goals of early Spanish colonizers in the Americas?
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What are creoles in the context of colonial Spanish America?
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How did France approach colonization in America?
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What was the primary motivation for The Netherlands in colonizing America?
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What was the Joint Stock Company?
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What joint stock company founded Jamestown in 1607?
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Who were the Pilgrims?
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What is predestination?
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What did Roger Williams advocate for?
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What colony did Anne Hutchinson's followers found?
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What were the Chesapeake Colonies?
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Which colonies are known as the Middle Colonies?
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What are Restoration Colonies?
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What was the role of the Board of Trade and Plantations?
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What defines a Royal Colony?
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What is a Proprietary Colony?
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What is a Self-Governing Colony?
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What is Virtual Representation?
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What is Salutary Neglect?
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What was the French and Indian War about?
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What did the Treaty of Paris accomplish?
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Study Notes
Colonization of America
- Spain, France, England, and The Netherlands were the four primary colonizers of America.
- Spain aimed to convert natives to Catholicism while seeking military power and wealth.
- France established cooperative relationships with Native Americans based on fur trade, particularly in the north and Canada.
- The Netherlands focused solely on economic pursuits, notably controlling the Hudson Trading Post in New Amsterdam.
- England's colonization was marked by conflict with Native Americans and the use of the Joint Stock Company model for funding colonies.
Economic Systems and Colonization Models
- Mercantilism is an economic theory advocating for government regulation of a nation's commerce to increase wealth, where colonies serve the mother country.
- The Joint Stock Company allowed multiple investors to share capital and profits; pivotal in founding colonies like Jamestown and Plymouth.
Key Early Settlements and Figures
- The London Company financed the establishment of Jamestown in 1607.
- The Pilgrims, led by William Bradford, sought religious freedom and signed the Mayflower Compact.
- The Puritans aimed to purify the Anglican Church of Catholic influences.
Notable Colonial Leaders
- Roger Williams established Rhode Island advocating for separation of church and state, opposed to the Puritan influence.
- Anne Hutchinson challenged the Puritan religious hierarchy, positing personal connections to God; her exiled followers founded New Hampshire.
Colonial Classifications
- Chesapeake Colonies include Connecticut, New Hampshire, Maine, and Maryland.
- Middle Colonies consist of New York, New Jersey, and Delaware.
- Restoration Colonies encompass the Carolinas and Georgia.
Governance and Colonial Types
- The Board of Trade and Plantations governed the colonies, advising the monarchy and overseeing colonial affairs.
- Royal Colonies were under direct control of the King, while Proprietary Colonies were founded by private parties with appointed governors.
- Self-Governing Colonies operated with a charter granting them relative autonomy.
Political Concepts
- Virtual Representation referred to the belief that Parliament represented all British subjects, including unrepresented colonists.
- Salutary Neglect was the British policy of lax enforcement of colonial laws, fostering autonomy among colonies.
Conflict and Consequences
- The French and Indian War (1754-1763) was fought over control of the Ohio River Valley, leading to English dominance and declining colonial attitudes toward England.
- The Treaty of Paris concluded the Seven Years War, with significant territorial changes favoring the British and impacting future colonial governance.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the key concepts from APUSH chapters 1-6 with these flashcards. This quiz covers the main colonizers, economic systems, and labor practices during the early periods of American history. Perfect for quick revision and mastering important terms!