APUSH Chapters 1-6 Flashcards

Colonization of America

• Spain, France, England, and The Netherlands were the four primary colonizers of America.
• Spain aimed to convert natives to Catholicism while seeking military power and wealth.
• France established cooperative relationships with Native Americans based on fur trade, particularly in the north and Canada.
• The Netherlands focused solely on economic pursuits, notably controlling the Hudson Trading Post in New Amsterdam.
• England's colonization was marked by conflict with Native Americans and the use of the Joint Stock Company model for funding colonies.

Economic Systems and Colonization Models

• Mercantilism is an economic theory advocating for government regulation of a nation's commerce to increase wealth, where colonies serve the mother country.
• The Joint Stock Company allowed multiple investors to share capital and profits; pivotal in founding colonies like Jamestown and Plymouth.

Key Early Settlements and Figures

• The London Company financed the establishment of Jamestown in 1607.
• The Pilgrims, led by William Bradford, sought religious freedom and signed the Mayflower Compact.
• The Puritans aimed to purify the Anglican Church of Catholic influences.

Notable Colonial Leaders

• Roger Williams established Rhode Island advocating for separation of church and state, opposed to the Puritan influence.
• Anne Hutchinson challenged the Puritan religious hierarchy, positing personal connections to God; her exiled followers founded New Hampshire.

Colonial Classifications

• Chesapeake Colonies include Connecticut, New Hampshire, Maine, and Maryland.
• Middle Colonies consist of New York, New Jersey, and Delaware.
• Restoration Colonies encompass the Carolinas and Georgia.

Governance and Colonial Types

• The Board of Trade and Plantations governed the colonies, advising the monarchy and overseeing colonial affairs.
• Royal Colonies were under direct control of the King, while Proprietary Colonies were founded by private parties with appointed governors.
• Self-Governing Colonies operated with a charter granting them relative autonomy.

Political Concepts

• Virtual Representation referred to the belief that Parliament represented all British subjects, including unrepresented colonists.
• Salutary Neglect was the British policy of lax enforcement of colonial laws, fostering autonomy among colonies.

Conflict and Consequences

• The French and Indian War (1754-1763) was fought over control of the Ohio River Valley, leading to English dominance and declining colonial attitudes toward England.
• The Treaty of Paris concluded the Seven Years War, with significant territorial changes favoring the British and impacting future colonial governance.