APUSH Chapter 7 Flashcards
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APUSH Chapter 7 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Who was John Hancock?

Wealthy president of the Continental Congress and 'King of the Smugglers'.

Who was George Grenville?

British minister who raised a storm of protest by passing the Stamp Act.

What was the Stamp Act?

Legislation passed in 1765, repealed the next year after colonial resistance made it impossible to enforce.

What were the Sons and Daughters of Liberty?

<p>Male and female organizations that enforced the nonimportation agreements, sometimes by coercive means.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were nonimportation policies?

<p>Policies against the Stamp Act that aroused revolutionary fervor among many ordinary American men and women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was 'Champagne Charley' Townshend?

<p>Minister whose clever attempt to impose import taxes nearly succeeded, but eventually brewed more trouble for Britain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Crispus Attucks?

<p>Alleged African American leader of radical protesters killed in the Boston Massacre.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was George III?

<p>Stubborn ruler, lustful for power, who prompted harsh ministers like Lord North.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Samuel Adams?

<p>Zealous defender of the common people's rights and organizer of underground propaganda committees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Boston Tea Party?

<p>Event organized by disguised 'Indians' to sabotage British support of a British East India Company monopoly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the Intolerable Acts?

<p>Harsh measures of retaliation for the Boston Tea Party, including the Boston Port Act closing that city's harbor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Thomas Hutchinson?

<p>British governor of Massachusetts whose stubborn policies helped provoke the Boston Tea Party.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the First Continental Congress?

<p>Body led by John Adams that issued a Declaration of Rights and organized The Association to boycott all British goods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the Marquis de Lafayette?

<p>Nineteen-year-old major general in the Revolutionary army.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Baron von Steuben?

<p>Organizational genius who turned raw colonial recruits into tough professional soldiers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Quartering Act?

<p>Legislation that required colonists to feed and shelter British troops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is mercantilism?

<p>Basic economic and political theory by which 17th and 18th-century European powers governed their overseas colonies to serve the mother country's needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were navigation laws?

<p>Set of Parliamentary laws that restricted colonial trade and directed it to benefit Britain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are enumerated goods?

<p>Products, such as tobacco, that could be shipped only to England and not to foreign markets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Admiralty Court?

<p>Hated British courts in which juries were not allowed and defendants were assumed guilty until proven innocent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is virtual representation?

<p>British governmental theory that Parliament spoke for all British subjects, including Americans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a boycott?

<p>Effective form of organized colonial resistance against the Stamp Act.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What product was taxed under the Townshend Acts and generated the greatest colonial resistance?

<p>Tea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the committees of correspondence?

<p>Underground networks of communication and propaganda, established by Samuel Adams.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What religion was granted toleration in the trans-Allegheny West by the Quebec Act?

<p>Roman Catholic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Whigs?

<p>British political party opposed to Lord North's Tories and generally more sympathetic to the colonial cause.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Hessians?

<p>German mercenaries hired by George III to fight the American revolutionaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is continental paper money?

<p>Paper currency authorized by Congress to finance the Revolution that depreciated to near worthlessness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is The Association?

<p>Effective organization created by the First Continental Congress to provide a total, unified boycott of all British goods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were minute men?

<p>Rapidly mobilized colonial militiamen whose refusal to disperse sparked the first battle of the Revolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are red coats?

<p>Popular term for British regular troops, scorned by colonials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the Townshend Acts?

<p>Taxes on tea and other products that caused colonial resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Quebec Act?

<p>Legislation that extended Catholic jurisdiction into the western Ohio country.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What precipitated the first real shooting between the British and American colonists?

<p>British attempt to seize colonial supplies and leaders at Lexington and Concord.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Lord North?

<p>British parliamentary government head at the time of the American Revolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Britain worried about in addition to American rebellion?

<p>Possible revolts in Ireland and a war with France.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage did Britain enjoy in conflict with the colonies?

<p>Ability to enlist foreign soldiers, Loyalists, and Native Americans into their military forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage did the colonies enjoy in conflict with Britain?

<p>Fighting defensively on a large, agriculturally self-sufficient continent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Revolutionary War, African Americans fought with whom?

<p>Fought in both American patriot and British loyalist military forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What led to a gradual development of a colonial sense of independence years before the revolution?

<p>America's distance from Britain and the growth of colonial self-government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What led Grenville to propose the Sugar Act, Quartering Act, and Stamp Act?

<p>Large British debt incurred defending the colonies in the French and Indian War.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What spurred patriots to stage the Boston Tea Party?

<p>British government's attempt to maintain the East India Company's sea monopoly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What precipitated the Battle of Lexington and Concord?

<p>British attempt to seize the colonial militia's gunpowder supplies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What resulted in the printing of large amounts of paper currency and skyrocketing inflation?

<p>Continental Congress's reluctance to tax Americans for war.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Figures and Events

  • John Hancock: Wealthy president of the Continental Congress, recognized as the "King of the Smugglers."
  • George Grenville: British minister instrumental in passing the Stamp Act, igniting opposition in the colonies.
  • Crispus Attucks: Alleged African American leader among radical protesters, killed during the Boston Massacre.

Legislation and Acts

  • Stamp Act: 1765 legislation that mandated taxes on printed materials, leading to colonial protests and eventual repeal.
  • Townshend Acts: Taxes imposed on various goods, particularly tea, leading to colonial unrest and British troop presence in Boston.
  • Intolerable Acts: Harsh British measures in response to the Boston Tea Party, including the Boston Port Act and restrictions on colonial activities.

Resistance Movements

  • Sons and Daughters of Liberty: Organizations enforcing nonimportation agreements through sometimes coercive means; pivotal in mobilizing public opposition.
  • Nonimportation Policies: Key colonial resistance measures against British goods, fostering revolutionary spirit among citizens.
  • Committees of Correspondence: Networks created by Samuel Adams for communication and coordination of resistance across the colonies.

Social and Political Developments

  • First Continental Congress: Assembly led by John Adams that issued a Declaration of Rights and initiated a boycott of British goods.
  • The Association: Organized by the First Continental Congress to unify efforts in boycotting British products.
  • Virtual Representation: British theory that asserted Parliament represented all British subjects, including colonists who did not elect representatives.

Military Dynamics

  • Minute Men: Colonial militias capable of rapid mobilization, instrumental in the initial conflicts like Lexington and Concord.
  • Hessians: German mercenaries hired by King George III to fight against American revolutionaries.
  • Baron von Steuben: Military officer who trained American troops, transforming them into a professional fighting force.

Economic Context

  • Mercantilism: Economic theory emphasizing strict control over colonial trade to benefit the mother country, restricting colonial manufacturing and trade freedom.
  • Admiralty Court: British courts lacking juries; defendants presumed guilty until proven innocent, causing resentment among colonists.

Key Events Leading to Revolution

  • Boston Tea Party: Protest against British monopoly by disguised individuals dumping tea into Boston Harbor; led to the Intolerable Acts.
  • Battle of Lexington and Concord: First military engagements of the American Revolution, sparked by British attempts to seize supplies.
  • Quebec Act: Extended Catholic jurisdiction and a non-jury judicial system, alarming colonists and fueling resistance.

Socio-political Ramifications

  • Colonial Independence: Growing sense of self-governance and distance from Britain fostered a desire for independence prior to the revolution.
  • British Concerns: Aside from American rebellion, Britain feared potential revolts in Ireland and conflicts with France.
  • Military Advantages: Britain had significant resources including foreign troops, wealth, and a powerful navy, contrasted with the colonies’ home-field advantage and self-sufficiency.

Economic Challenges During War

  • Continental Paper Money: Currency printed by Congress which lost value significantly due to overproduction and lack of backing.
  • Inflation Crisis: Reluctance to tax Americans for war efforts led to economic instability and skyrocketing inflation.

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Test your knowledge of AP U.S. History with these flashcards covering Chapter 7 topics. Learn about key figures like John Hancock and important legislation such as the Stamp Act. Ideal for students preparing for exams and seeking to reinforce their understanding of early American history.

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