Questions and Answers
Who established a settlement on the site of modern Quebec?
Samuel de Champlain
Who was known as the 'Great Commoner'?
Who led the troops up steep cliffs to capture Quebec?
James Wolfe
Which British commander attempted to capture Fort Duquesne in 1755?
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Who led an Indian uprising after the French and Indian War?
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Who is referred to as 'the Sun King'?
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Who helped negotiate French support for the American Revolution?
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What term refers to converts or adherents to Calvinism in France?
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What was the war between the French and their Indian allies and the English called?
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What did the Proclamation of 1763 forbid?
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What was the Edict of Nantes?
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What does 'salutary neglect' refer to?
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What was the War of Jenkins' Ear about?
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What was Fort Duquesne known for?
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What happened at Fort Necessity?
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Study Notes
French Exploration and Colonization
- Samuel de Champlain established a settlement in Quebec, pivotal for French influence in North America.
- New France, founded in 1608, served as a significant French colony, falling to the British in 1763.
Key Military Figures
- William Pitt, known as the "Great Commoner," played a critical role in dismantling New France and concluding the Seven Years' War.
- James Wolfe led the successful assault on Quebec, marking a decisive moment that contributed to the end of the French and Indian War.
- Edward Braddock faced defeat at Fort Duquesne in 1755, where he was mortally wounded.
Indigenous Relations
- Pontiac, an Ottawa chief, orchestrated an uprising against British expansion following the French and Indian War, leading to the destruction of British forts until his death.
- The Iroquois are a group of tribes with culturally related languages located in the eastern Great Lakes region, playing a key role in colonial alliances and conflicts.
Political and Social Context
- Louis XIV, known as the "Sun King," exemplified absolute monarch rule in France, which influenced colonial ambitions in North America.
- Benjamin Franklin, an American polymath, was instrumental in securing French support for the American Revolution.
Religious Dynamics
- Huguenots, French Protestants following Calvinism, sought religious freedom and challenged the Catholic monarchy’s authority.
- The Edict of Nantes granted religious freedom to Huguenots, affecting France's social fabric.
Major Conflicts
- The Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) (1756-1763) confirmed British dominance in North America both commercially and territorially.
- The War of Spanish Succession resulted from European powers preventing the potential unification of France and Spain, concluding with the Treaty of Utrecht.
Colonial Development
- The Albany Congress aimed to unify colonial defense and improve relations with Native Americans; however, it was rejected by the colonies and Parliament.
- Salutary neglect was an English approach that allowed colonies to self-govern with minimal interference, fostering a sense of independence.
Notable Forts and Battles
- Fort Duquesne was the site of the first major battle during the French and Indian War, where Washington's initial conflict began.
- Fort Necessity, built by Washington, ultimately fell to the French, signifying the war's escalation.
Other Important Terms
- Coureurs de bois were French fur traders influencing North American trade dynamics while interacting with Indigenous communities.
- The Proclamation of 1763 restricted colonial expansion west of the Appalachian Mountains, aiming to stabilize relations with Native Americans.
Geography and Settlement
- Acadians were residents of French territories in North America, emphasizing the cultural blend in regions like Nova Scotia.
- Louisbourg, a fortified French stronghold, acted as a crucial point for controlling naval access to the Saint Lawrence River, raising British concerns over French military presence.
Miscellaneous Conflicts
- The War of Jenkins' Ear arose from territorial disputes between Britain and Spain concerning Georgia and trade rights, reflecting European rivalries spilling into colonial affairs.
These notes encapsulate critical figures, events, and contexts surrounding the outlined topics in American history during the colonial and early independence eras.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key figures and events from Chapter 6 of the American Pageant. This quiz covers important historical personalities like Samuel de Champlain and William Pitt, as well as significant conflicts such as the Seven Years' War. Use these flashcards to enhance your understanding of early American history.
