APUSH Chapter 10 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is a cabinet?

A type of law passed by Congress

A treaty between nations

A document outlining amendments to the Constitution

Persons appointed by a head of state to head executive departments of government and act as official advisers (correct)

What does the Bill of Rights refer to?

The first 10 amendments to the Constitution.

What was the Judiciary Act of 1789?

It organized the Supreme Court with a Chief Justice and five associate justices.

What did the Report on Public Credit analyze?

The financial standing of the United States. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'funding at par' mean?

The federal government would pay off its debts at face value with interest. Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered a strict constructionist?

A person who interprets the Constitution strictly. Signup and view all the answers

What is a loose constructionist?

A person who interprets the Constitution broadly. Signup and view all the answers

What is the elastic clause?

The part of the Constitution that allows Congress to make laws 'necessary and proper'. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Whiskey Rebellion?

A 1794 protest in Pennsylvania caused by a tax on liquor. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Franco-American Alliance of 1778?

It bound the US to help France defend their West Indies. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Citizen Genet?

French minister to the US who broke diplomatic rules. Signup and view all the answers

What did Washington's Neutrality Proclamation state?

No entangling alliances and stay out of European problems. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Jay Treaty?

A treaty which offered little concessions from Britain to the U.S. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Pinckney Treaty achieve?

It gave the U.S. the right to transport goods on the Mississippi River. Signup and view all the answers

What was warned in Washington's Farewell Address?

Not to get involved in European affairs and to avoid permanent alliances. Signup and view all the answers

What was the XYZ Affair?

An insult to the American delegation by French officials demanding a bribe. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Quasi War with France?

An undeclared sea war fought between France and the U.S. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Convention of 1800 accomplish?

It freed America from its alliance with France. Signup and view all the answers

What were the Alien and Sedition Acts?

Four laws aimed at immigrants and limiting free speech. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions claim?

States could nullify federal laws they considered unconstitutional. Signup and view all the answers

Who was James Callender?

A man used by Jefferson to publish negative articles about Federalists. Signup and view all the answers

What is significant about Matthew Lyon?

He was the first trial for violating the Alien and Sedition Acts. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Government Structure and Early Policies

Cabinet: A group appointed by the head of state to lead executive departments and advise on governance.
Bill of Rights: The first 10 amendments to the Constitution designed to safeguard individual rights from federal intrusion.
Judiciary Act of 1789: Established the Supreme Court with a Chief Justice, five associate justices, and set up federal district and circuit courts alongside the role of attorney general.

Economic Challenges and Solutions

Report on Public Credit: Proposed by Alexander Hamilton to address national debt; recommended paying debts at face value and assuming state debts via federal government bonds with 4% interest.
Funding at Par: Federal government commitment to repay debts at face value, including interest.

Constitutional Interpretation

Strict Constructionist: Belief that the federal government can only exercise powers explicitly stated in the Constitution.
Loose Constructionist: Viewpoint that the government may take actions not explicitly forbidden by the Constitution.
Elastic Clause: Constitutional provision allowing Congress to enact any laws deemed necessary and proper to executing its powers.

Domestic Disturbances and Rights

Whiskey Rebellion: A 1794 protest in Pennsylvania against a liquor tax, testing government authority; Washington's response demonstrated governmental strength and leniency.
Alien and Sedition Acts (1798): A series of laws including the Naturalization Act, Alien Act, and Sedition Act aimed at limiting immigrants' influence and curbing dissent against the federal government.

International Relations and Foreign Affairs

Franco-American Alliance (1778): Commitment to assist France in defending its West Indies during conflicts.
Citizen Genet: French minister who violated diplomatic protocols by appealing directly to American citizens.
Washington's Neutrality Proclamation: Encouraged non-involvement in foreign conflicts to foster U.S. growth in strength and stability.
Jay Treaty: Treaty ensuring British withdrawal from U.S. territory and compensation for American ship seizures, resulting in increased tensions with Democrats-Republicans.
Pinckney Treaty (1795): Treaty granting U.S. rights to navigate the Mississippi River and store goods in New Orleans.

Transition of Power and Conflict

Washington's Farewell Address: Advised against entangling alliances and political parties, warning against sectionalism to maintain unity.
XYZ Affair: Diplomatic embarrassment where American negotiators were asked for a bribe to meet with the French foreign minister.
Quasi War with France: An undeclared maritime conflict from 1798 to 1800 due to escalating tensions.
Convention of 1800: Agreement ending the Franco-American alliance and forgiving financial claims against France; negatively impacted John Adams' presidency.

Political Repercussions

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions: Authored by Jefferson and Madison, asserting states' rights to nullify federal laws deemed unconstitutional, notably in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts.
James Callender: Political pamphleteer used by Jefferson to attack Federalists, particularly President Adams.
Matthew Lyon: First person prosecuted under the Sedition Act for criticizing Adams, later elected to Congress while imprisoned; played a crucial role in the election of 1800.

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Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards for APUSH Chapter 10. Covering key terms such as the Cabinet, Bill of Rights, and the Judiciary Act of 1789, this set helps reinforce foundational concepts in American history. Perfect for students preparing for exams or wanting to review important historical developments.