APUSH Chapter 6 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Who is known as the Father of New France?

Samuel de Champlain

Who explored the Mississippi Basin and founded Louisiana?

Robert de La Salle

What agreement ended the War of Spanish Succession and awarded Acadia to Britain?

Treaty of Utrecht

What conflict started with the War of Jenkins' Ear?

War of Austrian Succession Signup and view all the answers

What was Fort Duquesne?

A strategic French stronghold Signup and view all the answers

Who was the militia commander whose frontier skirmish touched off a world war?

George Washington Signup and view all the answers

Who advocated for colonial unity at the Albany Congress?

Benjamin Franklin Signup and view all the answers

Who was the British officer whose early defeat gave advantages to the French?

General Braddock Signup and view all the answers

Who was the British orator and organizer against the French in North America?

William Pitt Signup and view all the answers

Where did Generals Wolfe and Montcalm die?

Plains of Abraham Signup and view all the answers

What was the conflict in Europe that involved France against Britain's ally Frederick the Great?

Seven Years' War Signup and view all the answers

Who was the Indian leader that inspired a frontier uprising?

Pontiac Signup and view all the answers

What document aroused colonial anger after the French and Indian War?

Proclamation of 1763 Signup and view all the answers

What was New Orleans in colonial terms?

A strategic French outpost Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Acadians?

French colonists uprooted to Louisiana Signup and view all the answers

What are Huguenots?

French Protestants Signup and view all the answers

Who was the absolute French monarch that reigned for 72 years?

King Louis XIV Signup and view all the answers

What animal provided great profits for the French empire and influenced European fashion?

Beaver Signup and view all the answers

What religious order sought to protect and convert Native Americans?

Jesuits Signup and view all the answers

What does 'coureurs de bois' refer to?

French fur trappers Signup and view all the answers

What is Louisbourg Fortress known for?

A strategic French fortress Signup and view all the answers

What was the Ohio Valley significant for?

Fierce competition between French and English colonists Signup and view all the answers

Which region was the bloodiest European theater of the Seven Years' War?

Germany/Prussia Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Albany Congress?

Unification effort of the colonies Signup and view all the answers

Who was Montcalm?

General whose fortress was assaulted by Wolfe Signup and view all the answers

What were the 'militia' in colonial times?

The 'buckskin' colonial soldiers Signup and view all the answers

Who were the allies of the French during the conflicts?

Native Americans Signup and view all the answers

Compared to the English colonies, how was New France governed?

More autocratically governed Signup and view all the answers

The expansion of New France occurred especially along the paths of ______.

lakes and rivers Signup and view all the answers

Why were Colonial Americans unhappy after the peace treaty following the War of Jenkins' Ear?

It gave the Louisbourg fortress back to France Signup and view all the answers

What was the original cause of the French and Indian War?

Competition for land in the Ohio River valley Signup and view all the answers

The French and Indian War eventually became part of what larger world conflict?

The Seven Years' War Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Benjamin Franklin's attempt to create intercolonial unity?

Rejection of the congress's proposal for colonial home rule Signup and view all the answers

Who was the overall commander of the British forces during early defeats in the French and Indian War?

General Braddock Signup and view all the answers

Why did William Pitt's strategies in the assault of New France succeed?

He concentrated British forces on attacking vital strong points Signup and view all the answers

What was the decisive event in the French-British contest for North America?

The British victory in the Battle of Quebec Signup and view all the answers

What factor helped promote intercolonial unity during the French and Indian War?

Common language and wartime experience Signup and view all the answers

How did the French and Indian War weaken interior Indian peoples?

Removed their French and Spanish allies Signup and view all the answers

What effect did Pontiac's attacks have on British military strategy?

Convinced the British to keep troops stationed in the colonies Signup and view all the answers

How did the British Proclamation of 1763 affect colonists' feelings?

Angered colonists who felt deprived of victory Signup and view all the answers

What conflict arose between British and American military due to British attitudes?

British officers treated the American colonial militia with contempt Signup and view all the answers

What was the effect of the French removal from North America on the colonists?

Reduced reliance on Britain and increased independence Signup and view all the answers

Match the cause and effect related to the French fur trade:

Cause: The French fur trade = Effect: Decimated beaver populations while spreading the French empire Cause: The four 'world wars' between 1688 and 1763 = Effect: Were echoed by four small wars between French and British subjects in North America Cause: Competition for land and furs in the Ohio Valley = Effect: Led to Washington's expedition and battle with the French at Fort Necessity Cause: The summoning of the Albany Congress by the British = Effect: Represented the first major attempt at intercolonial unity Cause: William Pitt's assumption of control of British government and strategy = Effect: Ended a string of defeats and turned the French and Indian War in Britain's favor Cause: Wolfe's victory over Montcalm at Quebec = Effect: Resulted in the decisive French defeat and British domination of North America Cause: The colonial militia's military success in the French and Indian War = Effect: Increased American military confidence and resentment of British redcoats Cause: Colonial American smuggling and trading with French enemy = Effect: Increased British government's disdain for colonial Americans Cause: British issuance of the Proclamation of 1763 = Effect: Heightened colonial anger and encouraged illegal westward expansion Cause: Braddock's defeat at Fort Duquesne = Effect: Prompted widespread Indian assaults on the weakly defended colonial frontier Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Figures

Samuel de Champlain: Established the foundations of New France and formed an alliance with the Huron Indians.
Robert de La Salle: Explored the Mississippi Basin, claimed the territory for France, and named it Louisiana after King Louis XIV.
George Washington: Led a militia skirmish in Pennsylvania that sparked the French and Indian War.
William Pitt: British leader who developed effective strategies that shifted the tide of the French and Indian War in favor of Britain.

Major Events and Treaties

Treaty of Urecht: Ended the War of Spanish Succession, granting Acadia to Britain.
War of Austrian Succession: Conflict originating from the War of Jenkins' Ear, concluded with the return of Louisbourg to France.
Seven Years' War: A global conflict that included the French and Indian War, involving major powers such as France and Britain.

Strategic Locations

Fort Duquesne: A pivotal French outpost at the convergence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, vital for controlling the Ohio Valley.
Plains of Abraham: Site of a critical battle and the deaths of Generals Wolfe and Montcalm, marking the decline of French power in North America.
Ohio Valley: Area of intense conflict between French and English colonists over land and resources.

Cultural and Societal Insights

Cajuns: Acadians forcibly relocated from Nova Scotia to Louisiana, contributing to the cultural tapestry of the region.
Huguenots: French Protestants who faced restrictions in settling New France despite tolerance from the Edict of Nantes.
Native American Alliances: Indigenous tribes, including the Iroquois and Creeks, often sided with the French against British expansion.

Economic Factors

Beaver Fur Trade: Fueled French economic interests but led to ecological damage, influencing European fashion.
Coureurs de Bois: Adventurous French fur traders who roamed North America, establishing trade networks.

Military Dynamics

General Braddock: British commander whose defeat early in the French and Indian War showcased poor strategic planning and underestimation of colonial forces.
Militia Composition: Constituted the "bucksin" colonial soldiers, whose successes often went unrecognized by British regulars.

Legislative and Political Developments

Albany Congress: 1754 gathering aimed at fostering colonial unity; ultimately rejected proposals for colonial government restructuring.
Proclamation of 1763: Attempt by Britain to stabilize relations with Native Americans, restricting colonial expansion west of the Appalachian Mountains, igniting colonial ire.

Post-War Effects

Increased American Independence: The removal of French influence in North America emboldened colonists, reducing dependence on Britain.
Repercussions of Conflict: Pontiac's uprising in 1763 prompted British military presence in the colonies to prevent further unrest.

Causes and Effects

Competition for Land: Instigated Washington's expedition against the French and led to the broader conflict known as the French and Indian War.
Pitt's Strategies: Revitalized the British campaign, leading to significant victories and changing the trajectory of the war.
Colonial Smuggling: Heightened tensions, causing British officials to regard colonial loyalty with suspicion and disdain.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key figures and events from Chapter 6 of AP U.S. History. Learn about Samuel de Champlain, Robert de La Salle, and the Treaty of Utrecht. Perfect for review and exam preparation!