APUSH Chapter 26 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What significant event occurred in the year 1700-1800?

New Indian peoples move onto Great Plains (correct)

Pike's Peak Gold Rush

Homestead Act

Nevada Comstock Lode discovered

What significant event happened in 1858?

Pike's Peak Gold Rush

What significant discovery occurred in 1859?

Nevada Comstock Lode discovered

What legislation was passed in 1862?

Homestead Act Signup and view all the answers

What tragic event occurred in 1864?

Sand Creek Massacre Signup and view all the answers

What state was admitted to the Union in 1864?

Nevada Signup and view all the answers

What organization was formed in 1867?

National Grange Signup and view all the answers

What major battle occurred in 1876?

The Battle of Little Bighorn Signup and view all the answers

What event took place in 1876 regarding statehood?

Colorado admitted into Union Signup and view all the answers

What conflict occurred in 1877?

Nez Perce Indian War Signup and view all the answers

What significant publication did Helen Hunt Jackson release in 1881?

A Century of Dishonor Signup and view all the answers

In 1884, what practice did the federal government outlaw?

Indian SunDance Signup and view all the answers

What was formed between 1885-1890?

Local chapters of Farmer's Alliance Signup and view all the answers

What act was passed in 1887?

Dawes Severalty Act Signup and view all the answers

What event happened in 1889?

Oklahoma opened to settlement Signup and view all the answers

What significant declaration did the Census Bureau make in 1890?

Frontier line ended Signup and view all the answers

What conflict occurred in 1890?

Battle of Wounded Knee Signup and view all the answers

In what year did Populist candidate James B. Weaver poll more than 1 million votes?

1892 Signup and view all the answers

What important publication did Fredrick Jackson Turner release in 1893?

'The Significance of the Frontier in American History' Signup and view all the answers

What major event took place in 1894?

'Coxey's army' marches on Washington Signup and view all the answers

In 1896, which state was admitted to the Union?

Utah Signup and view all the answers

Who defeated Bryan for the presidency in 1896?

McKinley Signup and view all the answers

What act was passed in 1897?

Dingley Tariff Act Signup and view all the answers

What act was enacted in 1900?

Gold Standard Act Signup and view all the answers

What event happened in 1907?

Oklahoma admitted to the Union Signup and view all the answers

What important legislation was passed in 1924?

Indians granted US citizenship Signup and view all the answers

What act was passed in 1934?

Indian Reorganization Act Signup and view all the answers

What was a key government action between 1851 and 1853?

Federal government tries to pacify the Plains Indians Signup and view all the answers

Who was responsible for the Sand Creek Massacre?

Colonel J.M. Chivington Signup and view all the answers

What are bonanza farms?

Large farms using lots of machinery and hired laborers Signup and view all the answers

Who led Coxey's Army?

Jacob Coxey Signup and view all the answers

The Populist Party was formed in _____ by members of the Farmer's Alliance.

1892 Signup and view all the answers

What were the goals of the Farmer's Alliance?

More readily available farm credits and federal regulation of the railroads. Signup and view all the answers

Tight money policy took paper money used during the Civil War out of circulation.

True Signup and view all the answers

Who was Sitting Bull?

Leader of the Sioux tribe and a prominent figure during the Sioux War. Signup and view all the answers

What did Crazy Horse try to avoid?

War Signup and view all the answers

What was Chief Joseph known for?

Leading the Nez Perce tribe as they fled to Canada. Signup and view all the answers

Geronimo was the leader of the Apaches in Arizona and New Mexico.

True Signup and view all the answers

What did John Wesley Powell warn about?

Traditional agriculture could not succeed west of the 100th meridian. Signup and view all the answers

Who founded the Publick Occurrences newspaper?

Benjamin Harris Signup and view all the answers

What was William Jennings Bryan known for advocating?

Free silver Signup and view all the answers

What did Helen Hunt Jackson write?

A Century of Dishonor Signup and view all the answers

What were the Sioux Wars?

Clashes between the Sioux Indians and white men from 1876-1877. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Nez Perce tribe known for?

Fleeing capture from U.S. troops towards Canada. Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the Apache tribe?

Difficult to control and involved in conflicts with federal troops. Signup and view all the answers

The Ghost Dance was a popular religious movement among Native Americans.

True Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Battle of Wounded Knee?

American troops killed many Indian men, women, and children. Signup and view all the answers

The Dawes Severalty Act was enacted in _____ and aimed to dismantle American Indian tribes.

1887 Signup and view all the answers

What happened at Little Big Horn?

Custer and his men were wiped out by Sioux and Cheyenne Indians. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Homestead Act of 1862 do?

Gave 160 acres of public land to any settler willing to farm it. Signup and view all the answers

Why is Oklahoma called the Sooner State?

Due to the illegal entry of settlers before it became a state. Signup and view all the answers

What is the safety-valve theory?

The West acted as a safety valve for population pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What were Granger laws?

Laws aimed at regulating railway rates and storage fees. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Farmers' Alliance?

The first national organization of farmers, which created the Populist Party. Signup and view all the answers

Jim Crow Laws limited the rights of blacks.

True Signup and view all the answers

What was the Colored Farmers National Alliance?

An organization for southern black farmers to share complaints and build cooperatives. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Pullman Strike achieve?

It achieved nothing significant. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Cross of Gold Speech about?

Attacking the gold standard and advocating for bimetallism. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Gold Standard Act state?

All paper money must be backed only by gold. Signup and view all the answers

What was the fourth party system?

A period of national politics from 1896-1932 dominated by Republicans. Signup and view all the answers

What does mechanization of agriculture refer to?

The use of engine-driven machines to increase agricultural productivity. Signup and view all the answers

How did the mining industry impact the U.S. economy?

Brought wealth and industrial growth through mining operations. Signup and view all the answers

Who are Populists?

Members of the People's Party advocating for farmers' rights. Signup and view all the answers

What was the reservation system?

A policy that allocated land with boundaries to Native American tribes. Signup and view all the answers

What did Frederick Jackson Turner discuss in his frontier thesis?

The idea that new land fosters progress and individualism. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Jacob S. Coxey?

A socialist American politician who led a march for jobs. Signup and view all the answers

What number President was William McKinley?

25th Signup and view all the answers

Who was Marcus Alonzo Hanna?

A businessman who funded McKinley's presidential campaign. Signup and view all the answers

What were Buffalo Soldiers?

African-American soldiers who served post-Civil War. Signup and view all the answers

What happened to George Armstrong Custer?

He was defeated at Little Bighorn. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Long Drive?

The process of driving cattle herds from Texas to rail terminals. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Greenback Labor Party's main focus?

Advocating for laborers’ rights and inflation. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Eugene V. Debs?

Leader of the Pullman strike and the American Railway Union. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Dingley Tariff Bill do?

Raised tariff rates by nearly 50%. Signup and view all the answers

Which animal did Native Americans of the plains depend on?

Bison Signup and view all the answers

The expansion of white settlers and soldiers increased native American violence between tribes.

True Signup and view all the answers

What was the Great Sioux Reservation?

Where Native Americans were herded after giving up their ancestral land. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934?

An act that aimed to restore tribal basis of Indian life. Signup and view all the answers

Farmers' Alliances were the origins of which party?

The Peoples/Populist Party. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Long Drive in cattle herding?

Driving herds numbering from 1,000 to 10,000 across plains. Signup and view all the answers

What is dry farming?

Farming technique used in drought areas to cultivate crops. Signup and view all the answers

What was the issue of deflation for farmers?

Lower prices made it difficult to pay off debts. Signup and view all the answers

How did the State Granger laws assist farmers?

Helped regulate railroads for fair crop distribution. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Carlisle Indian School meant to do?

Educate and civilize Native Americans. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Frontier Thesis?

The theory that American characteristics developed due to westward expansion. Signup and view all the answers

What is placer mining?

Mining valuable minerals from a placer by washing or dredging. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Comstock Lode?

Valuable silver found that led to migration and settlement in Nevada. Signup and view all the answers

What is the 100th meridian?

An imaginary line dividing the East and the West. Signup and view all the answers

What does Sodbuster refer to?

Farmers on the Great Plains who broke up sod with plows. Signup and view all the answers

What was highlighted in the 1890 Census?

The frontier was officially settled, measuring various demographic aspects. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Agricultural Developments

Bonanza Farms: Large farms that emerged in the late 1800s in the West, utilizing machinery and hired labor instead of family-run plots.
Homestead Act (1862): Offered 160 acres of land to settlers for a nominal fee, encouraging western migration but often resulting in unproductive land due to drought.

Key Movements and Protests

Coxey's Army: A march on Washington in 1894 led by Jacob Coxey, advocating for job creation in response to the Panic of 1893.
Farmers' Alliance: A national organization formed in the 1890s that aimed to address farmers' concerns, leading to the creation of the Populist Party.

Native American Relations

Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse: Leaders during the Sioux Wars (1876-1877), significant figures in resistance against U.S. expansion into Native lands.
Battle of Wounded Knee: A tragic confrontation in 1890 where U.S. troops killed numerous Lakota Sioux in response to the Ghost Dance movement.
Dawes Severalty Act (1887): Legislation aimed at assimilating Native Americans by allotting them individual plots of land.

Economic Context

Tight Money Policy: Reduced the circulation of paper money from the Civil War, affecting farmers who relied on credit.
Gold Standard Act (1900): Mandated that all paper money be backed by gold, limiting currency supply and impacting inflation.

Political Landscape

Populist Party: Formed in 1892, advocating for farmers and laborers with proposals for railroad nationalization and a progressive income tax.
William Jennings Bryan: A prominent political figure and three-time presidential candidate known for advocating free silver and defending progressive causes.

Safety-Valve Theory: Suggests the American West served as a release for population pressures, a notion that diminished by 1890 as the frontier closed.
Colored Farmers National Alliance: A movement that united black farmers to fight for their rights and interests during a time of racial division.

Technological and Economic Advances

Mechanization of Agriculture: Introduction of machine-driven farming methods in the late 1800s increased productivity but contributed to the decline of family farms.
Mining Industry Growth: The discovery of precious metals in the West prompted a rush of fortune seekers, leading to significant industrial growth and the consolidation of mining companies.

Important Historical Events

Little Bighorn (1876): A significant battle where Custer's forces were defeated by Sioux warriors, marking a critical moment in Native American resistance.
Pullman Strike (1894): A nationwide railway strike initiated due to wage cuts and high rents in company towns, ultimately failing to achieve its goals.

Cultural and Historical Commentary

Frederick Jackson Turner: Historian who posited that the frontier was essential to American identity, shaping characteristics of ruggedness and democracy.
Jim Crow Laws: Enforced segregation and limited voting rights for African Americans, illustrating the broader societal struggles faced during this era.

Legislative Actions

Granger Laws: Enacted in the late 1800s to regulate railroad and grain elevator rates, reflecting farmers' efforts to fight against corporate monopolies.
Indian Reorganization Act (1934): Aimed at restoring tribal governance and communal land ownership, reversing some effects of the Dawes Act.

Key Figures

Eugene V. Debs: Labor leader and activist, instrumental in the Pullman Strike and known for advocating for workers' rights.
Jacob S. Coxey: Socialist politician who led protests to address unemployment and economic distress during the 1890s.

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