Questions and Answers
Who is known as the Chicago architect that contributed to the development of skyscrapers?
What term refers to cities where more people walked due to available transit options?
Walking Cities
What term describes slums where many people lived together in small quarters?
Tenements
Which of the following is a concept where immigrants worked in America for a few years before returning to their home country?
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What is the name of the famous door-to-door service established to help immigrants adjust to life in America?
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The ______ Army provided free soup and started as a religious denomination.
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True or False: The 18th Amendment established prohibition in the United States.
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Who was the leading figure in the sensationalist journalism known for the 'Yellow Kid'?
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What is the primary goal of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People? (NAACP)
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Which writer is known for the book 'The Octopus' addressing the power of railroads?
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Who launched the Red Cross?
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Study Notes
Urban Development and Social Change
- Louis Sullivan, a Chicago architect, popularized skyscraper design with the principle "form follows function."
- Walking cities saw a rise in pedestrian transit due to electric trolleys, enhancing mobility for urban residents.
- Department stores, like Macy's and Marshall Field's, catered to middle-class consumers and employed many women in the workforce.
Immigration and Settlement
- Tenements were overcrowded slums where immigrants often lived in poor conditions.
- Birds of Passage refers to migrants who worked in America temporarily before returning to their home countries.
- Padrone acted as labor bosses, helping immigrants find jobs and housing in industrial sectors.
Political and Social Reforms
- Political Bosses provided essential services to immigrants in exchange for votes, aiding their integration into urban life.
- The Social Gospel movement called for churches to engage with social issues, linking Christianity with social justice.
- Jane Addams, a prominent social reformer, founded Hull House to aid poor immigrants with education and cultural activities.
Women's Activism and Education
- Settlement houses emerged as centers for social reform, particularly for women's activism.
- Lillian Wald established the Henry Street Settlement, following in Jane Addams's footsteps.
- Carrie Chapman Catt advocated for women’s suffrage, emphasizing women's roles in family health and education.
African American Progress and Philosophy
- Booker T. Washington promoted vocational training at the Tuskegee Institute for economic self-sufficiency among blacks.
- W.E.B. Du Bois, a vocal critic of Washington, sought immediate civil rights and co-founded the NAACP.
- The concept of Accommodationism supported economic independence from whites without direct confrontation.
Arts and Literature
- American authors like Mark Twain and Emily Dickinson shaped literary identity, with Twain capturing frontier realism and humor.
- The rise of realism in literature highlighted the complexities of urban life and social issues, as seen in works by Stephen Crane and Theodore Dreiser.
- Dime novels and the writings of Horatio Alger emphasized themes of hard work and success.
Religious Movements and Social Critique
- Dwight Lyman Moody emerged as a notable urban revivalist, focusing on themes of forgiveness.
- The Salvation Army, a new denomination, provided social services, including free meals for the needy.
- Edward Bellamy's "Looking Backward" critiqued capitalism, envisioning a future with nationalized businesses for public good.
Cultural Institutions and Movements
- The establishment of land-grant colleges under the Morrill Act increased educational access and agricultural research.
- The National Women's Suffrage Association focused on securing voting rights for white women, often excluding black women from its ranks.
- The Women’s Christian Temperance Union campaigned for temperance and played a significant role in the Prohibition movement.
Noteworthy Figures in Arts
- Artists such as Mary Cassatt and Winslow Homer explored unique perspectives; Cassatt portrayed intimate scenes of women, while Homer depicted rugged American life.
- Sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens became renowned for works like the Robert Gould Shaw memorial.
- The Metropolitan Opera House, established in 1883, showcased elite performances and European music.
Entertainment and Public Spectacle
- Vaudeville popularized live entertainment featuring singing, comedy, and acrobatics.
- P.T. Barnum created the "Greatest Show on Earth," blending spectacle with performance art.
- Buffalo Bill Cody’s Wild-West show included diverse attractions such as live buffalo and sharpshooters like Annie Oakley.
Innovations and Scientific Thought
- Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, outlined in "Origin of Species," challenged traditional beliefs, leading to debates between Fundamentalists and Modernists.
- Normal schools emerged for teacher training, helping to advance educational standards and practices in early American education.
- The invention of basketball by James Naismith in 1888 highlighted the rise of new sports in American culture.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards on Chapter 25 of APUSH. Key terms and concepts include influential figures like Louis Sullivan and the evolution of urban environments through walking cities. Perfect for quick reviews and reinforcing your understanding of American history.
