APUSH Chapter 20 Notes

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Questions and Answers

Why did Lincoln declare that secession would not be practical?

Controversies such as national debt and federal territories (correct)

There were only two forts in the South

Regions were geographically divided

Lincoln wanted to end slavery

What were the two Southern forts that flew the Union flag when Lincoln was elected?

Fort Sumter

What solution did Lincoln adopt regarding Fort Sumter?

Middle-of-the-road solution

Virginia, Arkansas, and Tennessee were known as 'submissionists'.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which states were considered border states that had not seceded?

Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, and West Virginia Signup and view all the answers

What was Lincoln's war aim?

To preserve the Union Signup and view all the answers

Which Native American tribes sided with the Confederacy?

Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles Signup and view all the answers

What advantage did the South have during the Civil War?

Fighting a defensive war on their own land Signup and view all the answers

What was the Trent Affair?

A Union warship stopped the British mail steamer, the Trent, and removed two Confederate diplomats. Signup and view all the answers

President Jefferson Davis often had disputes with his own Congress.

True Signup and view all the answers

What did the North do to support the war financially?

Increased tariffs and excise taxes Signup and view all the answers

The first income tax was created to help support the _____

war Signup and view all the answers

What was the Morill Tariff Act?

A high protective tariff designed to raise revenue and provide protection for manufacturers. Signup and view all the answers

Greenbacks were backed by the nation's silver supply.

False Signup and view all the answers

What did the National Banking System aim to establish?

A standard bank-note currency Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the Civil War have on women's workforce participation?

Many jobs previously occupied by men opened up. Signup and view all the answers

The North's blockade had no significant impact on the Southern economy.

False Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Secession and Forts

Secession deemed impractical by Lincoln due to lack of geographical divide between North and South.
Controversial issues included national debt, federal territories, and fugitive slaves, complicating separatism.
Only two Southern forts, including Fort Sumter, flew the Union flag at Lincoln's election.

Fort Sumter and the Middle Solution

Fort Sumter located in Charleston Harbor, required supplies to support Union troops.
Lincoln proposed a "middle-of-the-road solution," promising only to send supplies, not reinforcements.
Southern response was aggressive; they fired on Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861, marking the start of armed conflict.

Consequences of Fort Sumter

Following the conflict, Virginia, Arkansas, and Tennessee seceded, joining 11 states known as "submissionists."
Lincoln called for militia personnel to respond to the uprising.

The Border States

Key border states: Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, and West Virginia.
These states remained slaveholding but did not secede; they contained the vital Ohio River.

Lincoln's War Aims and Native American Alliances

Lincoln's primary war aim was to preserve the Union, not to abolish slavery.
Native American tribes known as the "Five Civilized Tribes" (Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, Seminoles) sided with the Confederacy.
Plains Indians generally supported the Union.

Advantages of the North and South

The South had defensive advantages, fighting on familiar territory and only needing to maintain its existence.
The North possessed three-quarters of the nation's wealth and railroads, with a significantly larger population bolstered by European immigrants.

Foreign Relations and Cotton Diplomacy

The Confederacy hoped for foreign intervention but widespread British public opinion favored the Union.
Britain’s need for cotton diminished due to surpluses and the North’s agricultural exports, leading to the decline of "King Cotton."
The North’s "King Wheat and King Corn" became more vital to Britain, threatening its food supply if the blockade was broken.

Notable Incidents and Military Dynamics

The Trent Affair involved the Union capturing Confederate diplomats on a British ship, escalating tensions.
British shipyards inadvertently produced Confederate raiders, such as the Alabama, which attacked Union shipping.

Political Dynamics and Financial Framework

The Dominion of Canada was created by Britain in 1867 partly to protect against U.S. intentions.
Napoleon's invasion of Mexico violated the Monroe Doctrine, taking advantage of U.S. preoccupation with the Civil War.

Internal Challenges within the Confederacy

Confederacy faced challenges due to states’ rights; some state troops resisted serving outside their borders.
President Jefferson Davis struggled with Congress, finding governance difficult during wartime.

Northern Government Stability

The North's government, established and financially sound, had both domestic and international recognition.
Lincoln expanded presidential powers during the war, including imposing a blockade and increasing military size without congressional approval.

Financial Measures and Economic Changes

The draft law passed in 1863 required those drafted to pay $300 for a replacement; a similar law existed for the Confederacy.
Northern tariffs and income tax were raised to fund the conflict; the Morrill Tariff Act increased tariffs for revenue and protection.
Greenbacks were issued as paper currency, whose value fluctuated, contrasting with the South's blue-backed paper money, which suffered from inflation.

Economic Changes due to the War

Mechanized farming innovations like mechanical reapers enabled the North to increase agricultural production while sending men to war.
The discovery of petroleum in Pennsylvania spurred economic interest and migration, known as the "Fifty-Niners."
Women entered the workforce as traditional male jobs opened due to war conscription.
The Southern economy faltered as the blockade disrupted cotton production, demonstrating a shift from cotton capitalism to industrial capitalism.

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Explore key concepts from Chapter 20 of AP U.S. History with these flashcards. Understand critical themes such as the impracticality of secession, the status of forts during Lincoln's election, and the significance of Fort Sumter. Perfect for reinforcing your knowledge ahead of exams.