Approaches in Psychology
45 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is typically used to treat phobias?

  • Counterconditioning (correct)
  • Psychoanalysis
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
  • Antidepressant medication

    • Which model explains depression through cognitive processes?

  • ABC Model (correct)
  • Client Centred Model
  • Conditioning Model
  • Biological Model

    • What approach is primarily used to understand phobias?

  • Psychodynamic Approach
  • Cognitive Approach
  • Behavioral Approach (correct)
  • Humanistic Approach

    • What is the primary method of treating OCD?

    <p>Antidepressant medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the idiographic approach?

    <p>Studies individual cases in depth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of structuralism in psychology?

    <p>Breaking down the mind into separate components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is commonly associated with introspection?

    <p>Responding to stimuli and analyzing thoughts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the basis of operant conditioning?

    <p>Learning through reinforcement and consequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one real-world application of behaviorist principles according to the content?

    <p>Using classical conditioning to treat phobias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limitation is associated with the behaviorist approach?

    <p>It is environmentally reductionist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach to behavior emphasizes the importance of multiple influencing factors?

    <p>Interactionism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of conditioning was originally studied by Pavlov?

    <p>Classical conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the token economy system illustrate in the context of the behaviorist approach?

    <p>Positive reinforcement in institutional settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Bandura's Bobo Doll study suggest about children's violent behavior?

    <p>It was influenced by demand characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a strength of the cognitive approach in psychology?

    <p>It provides insights into the causes of mental illness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key concept in cognitive psychology that helps to organize knowledge?

    <p>Schemas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the cognitive model of depression suggest about faulty thoughts?

    <p>They contribute to the development of depression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which limitation is associated with the cognitive approach?

    <p>It is overly simplistic and machine reductionist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the use of theoretical models in the cognitive approach help researchers to do?

    <p>Infer mental processes that shape behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) aim to improve patient outcomes?

    <p>By disputing and challenging irrational beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does attention play in the cognitive approach?

    <p>It selectively influences perception and behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is machine reductionism primarily concerned with?

    <p>Reducing complex human behavior into simpler components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cognitive neuroscience primarily study?

    <p>Neural processes underlying mental functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a method used in cognitive neuroscience?

    <p>Neuroimaging techniques such as MRI or EEG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential limitation of cognitive neuroscience?

    <p>It primarily provides correlational data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT taken into account by machine reductionism when explaining behavior?

    <p>Simplistic theoretical models</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one significant contribution of cognitive neuroscience since the 1970s?

    <p>Introducing the term 'cognitive neuroscience'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a potential benefit of using imaging techniques in cognitive neuroscience?

    <p>They help locate different types of memory in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of cognition does cognitive neuroscience NOT typically emphasize?

    <p>The cultural implications of cognitive processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the activation of the parahippocampal gyrus in people with OCD indicate?

    <p>It shows a correlation that may not imply causation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT mentioned as part of the biological approach to understanding behavior?

    <p>Social influences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the biological approach explain the occurrence of depression?

    <p>Due to genetic predispositions affecting neurotransmitters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a practical application of the biological approach mentioned in the content?

    <p>Development of drug treatments like SSRIs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limitation of the biological approach is highlighted?

    <p>It oversimplifies complex mental disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about hormones is true according to the content?

    <p>They influence various psychological functions in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do neurotransmitters play according to the biological approach?

    <p>They signal and influence mood and behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the biological approach improves its validity and applicability?

    <p>The impact of biological interventions on mental health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does self-actualization refer to in the humanistic approach?

    <p>Realizing one's full potential and being the best version of oneself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following needs is at the base of Maslow's hierarchy?

    <p>Physiological</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is congruence in the context of Roger's theory of the self?

    <p>The alignment between self-image and ideal self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could lead to a person experiencing anxiety according to the humanistic approach?

    <p>Incongruence between self-image and ideal self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is essential for achieving high self-esteem?

    <p>Feeling a sense of love and belonging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of 'conditions of worth' in Roger's theory?

    <p>Love and encouragement offered based on certain criteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the psychodynamic approach considered to have reduced validity?

    <p>It deals with abstract concepts that cannot be easily studied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major strength of the humanistic approach in psychology?

    <p>It provides real-world applications for understanding mental illness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Approaches in Psychology

    • Origins of Psychology:

      • Leipzig, Germany 1870s
      • Separated psychology from philosophical roots
      • First psychological lab established
      • First psychology textbook published
      • Paved the way for behaviourist and cognitive approaches

    • Structuralism:

      • Mind broken down into parts (thoughts, feelings, sensations)
      • Introspection used to examine these parts
      • Strengths: made psychology more scientific
      • Limitations: criticised for not being scientific enough

    • Behaviourism:

      • Behaviour learned from the environment.
      • Classical Conditioning (Pavlov):
        • Neutral stimulus (NS) paired with unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
        • Unconditioned response (UCR) becomes conditioned response (CR) to the NS
        • NS becomes conditioned stimulus (CS)
      • Operant Conditioning (Skinner):
        • Learning through consequences
        • Positive reinforcement: desired behaviour rewarded, increasing likelihood of repetition
        • Negative reinforcement: undesirable stimulus removed, increasing likelihood of repetition
        • Punishment: undesirable stimulus added, decreasing likelihood of repetition
      • Strengths: real-world applications in explaining and treating conditions like phobias and schizophrenia
      • Limitations: environmentally reductionist; doesn't consider other influences on behaviour

    Social Learning Theory

    • Modelling: Learning by observing and imitating behaviours
    • Imitation: Copying behaviours of others, especially role models.
    • Identification: Internalising behaviours of role models based on perceived qualities
    • Vicarious Reinforcement: Learning based on observing consequences of other's actions
    • Mediational Processes: attention, retention, motor reproduction, motivation

    Cognitive Approach

    • Internal Mental Processes: Attention, memory, decision-making
    • Inference: Using studies and evidence to understand mental processes
    • Schemas: Cognitive frameworks to organise knowledge and process information
    • Theoretical Models: Diagrammatic representations of theories
    • Computer Models: Using computer analogies to explain brain functions.
    • Strengths: Real-world applications in explaining mental illness (depression) and treatment (CBT).
    • Limitations: Machine reductionist; doesn't consider other factors influencing behaviour

    Cognitive Neuroscience

    • Studying the influence of brain structures on mental processes.
    • Uses neuroimaging techniques (MRI, fMRI, PET, EEG) to map brain activity during tasks.

    Biological Approach

    • Genetics: Influence of genes on behaviour
    • Evolution: Behaviour shaped by evolution to increase survival & reproduction
    • Neurochemistry: Study of neurochemicals (e.g., neurotransmitters) that influence behaviours
    • Neuroanatomy: Study of brain structure and function
    • Hormones: Influence psychological functions
    • Strengths: Real-world applications in explaining mental illness and treatments (e.g., medication for depression).
    • Limitations: Biological reductionism; doesn't account for other influences on behaviour

    Psychodynamic Approach

    • Iceberg Metaphor: Unconscious mind influences behaviour, thoughts, memories (repressed)
    • Tripartite Personality: Id (instincts), ego (mediator), superego (morality)
    • Psychosexual Stages: Stages of development with potential fixations
    • Defence Mechanisms: Protect the mind from overwhelming emotions
    • Strengths: Explains mental illness and behaviours (e.g. trauma) and influential in therapy methods
    • Limitations: Unscientific; heavily relies on case studies; subjective interpretations

    Humanistic Approach

    • Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Needs must be met before reaching self-actualisation
    • Self-Actualization: Achieving one's full potential
    • Roger's Theory of the Self: Congruence (match between self-image & ideal self)
    • Conditions of Worth/Unconditional Positive Regard: Conditions for self-acceptance or lack thereof
    • Strengths: Focuses on human potential and personal growth.
    • Limitations: Unscientific; subjective; hard to measure

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Approaches in Psychology PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the major approaches in psychology, including their origins, structuralism, and behaviorism. Dive into key concepts such as classical and operant conditioning. Test your knowledge on how these theories have shaped the field of psychology.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser