Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a listed cause of airway diseases in adult birds?
Which of the following is NOT a listed cause of airway diseases in adult birds?
What type of diagnostic approach is recommended for airway diseases in pigs and poultry?
What type of diagnostic approach is recommended for airway diseases in pigs and poultry?
What is an appropriate intervention for managing respiratory diseases in poultry?
What is an appropriate intervention for managing respiratory diseases in poultry?
Which of the following is a common respiratory pathogen in young birds?
Which of the following is a common respiratory pathogen in young birds?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a crucial factor affecting the prognosis of airway diseases in a flock?
What is a crucial factor affecting the prognosis of airway diseases in a flock?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor can lead to a lower Maternal Derived Antibody (MDA) in progeny?
Which factor can lead to a lower Maternal Derived Antibody (MDA) in progeny?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential effect of heat stress on animals?
What is a potential effect of heat stress on animals?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a subclinical disease affecting performance?
Which of the following is a subclinical disease affecting performance?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an important consideration regarding biosecurity on a farm?
What is an important consideration regarding biosecurity on a farm?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common observable clinical sign of a respiratory disease?
What is a common observable clinical sign of a respiratory disease?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the normal temperature range for pigs?
What is the normal temperature range for pigs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which diagnostic test is suitable for detecting Mycoplasma?
Which diagnostic test is suitable for detecting Mycoplasma?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a symptom associated with upper respiratory tract (URT) issues in animals?
Which of the following is a symptom associated with upper respiratory tract (URT) issues in animals?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of conducting a post-mortem examination in animals?
What is the primary purpose of conducting a post-mortem examination in animals?
Signup and view all the answers
Which sampling technique is recommended for detecting B. bronchiseptica and P. multocida?
Which sampling technique is recommended for detecting B. bronchiseptica and P. multocida?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the correct temperature range for chickens?
What is the correct temperature range for chickens?
Signup and view all the answers
Which sign is commonly associated with lower respiratory tract (LRT) problems in animals?
Which sign is commonly associated with lower respiratory tract (LRT) problems in animals?
Signup and view all the answers
For effective disease detection, what should be prioritized in sampling?
For effective disease detection, what should be prioritized in sampling?
Signup and view all the answers
What does a positive serology indicate in the context of recent exposure to a pathogen?
What does a positive serology indicate in the context of recent exposure to a pathogen?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the approximate timeframe for seroconversion following vaccination?
What is the approximate timeframe for seroconversion following vaccination?
Signup and view all the answers
In Case 2, where both +ve Mg serology and +ve Mg PCR are observed, what can be inferred?
In Case 2, where both +ve Mg serology and +ve Mg PCR are observed, what can be inferred?
Signup and view all the answers
How should vaccination samples ideally be done according to best practices?
How should vaccination samples ideally be done according to best practices?
Signup and view all the answers
What does it mean if an animal has negative Mg serology but positive Mg PCR?
What does it mean if an animal has negative Mg serology but positive Mg PCR?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes a situation where an animal has positive serology and negative PCR?
Which of the following best describes a situation where an animal has positive serology and negative PCR?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'MDA' represent in this context?
What does 'MDA' represent in this context?
Signup and view all the answers
What is indicated by a minimum response titre observed in serology?
What is indicated by a minimum response titre observed in serology?
Signup and view all the answers
Which antimicrobial is licensed for use in treating bacterial diseases in pigs and poultry?
Which antimicrobial is licensed for use in treating bacterial diseases in pigs and poultry?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main purpose of supportive therapy in the treatment of animal diseases?
What is the main purpose of supportive therapy in the treatment of animal diseases?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following conditions indicates an emergency in chickens?
Which of the following conditions indicates an emergency in chickens?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following supportive treatments can help in rehydration of animals?
Which of the following supportive treatments can help in rehydration of animals?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common treatment for parasitic diseases in pigs?
What is a common treatment for parasitic diseases in pigs?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be monitored when treating viral diseases in animals?
What should be monitored when treating viral diseases in animals?
Signup and view all the answers
What affects the prognosis of an individual animal suffering from respiratory disease?
What affects the prognosis of an individual animal suffering from respiratory disease?
Signup and view all the answers
Which NSAID is specifically mentioned for use in pigs?
Which NSAID is specifically mentioned for use in pigs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which organism is associated with airsacculitis in birds?
Which organism is associated with airsacculitis in birds?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common disease affecting young piglets aged 0-7 days?
What is a common disease affecting young piglets aged 0-7 days?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is typically diagnosed in weaned pigs?
Which condition is typically diagnosed in weaned pigs?
Signup and view all the answers
What serious respiratory condition is associated with adult pigs?
What serious respiratory condition is associated with adult pigs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential cause of respiratory symptoms in pigs that can occur due to migration?
What is a potential cause of respiratory symptoms in pigs that can occur due to migration?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of pneumonia is caused by M.hyopneumoniae?
Which type of pneumonia is caused by M.hyopneumoniae?
Signup and view all the answers
What infection is associated with respiratory disease in pigs, particularly those that have been weaned?
What infection is associated with respiratory disease in pigs, particularly those that have been weaned?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition primarily affects adult pigs with a history of respiratory issues?
Which condition primarily affects adult pigs with a history of respiratory issues?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of clinical examination technique involves looking at the health status of a unit?
What type of clinical examination technique involves looking at the health status of a unit?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the relationship between environment, agent, and disease in clinical investigation?
What is the relationship between environment, agent, and disease in clinical investigation?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Approach to Airway Diseases in Pigs & Poultry
-
Learning Objectives (LOs):
- Construct a differential diagnosis list for airway diseases in pigs and poultry, selecting appropriate diagnostic tests
- Determine appropriate medical and surgical interventions for managing and treating airway diseases in pigs and poultry
- Determine prognosis for individual animals or groups based on disease presentation
- Identify methods for preventing and controlling airway diseases in pigs and poultry
Preferred Environmental Management Practice for Preventing Respiratory Diseases
- The preferred practice to prevent respiratory diseases is not using antimicrobials in feed.
Respiratory Diseases in Poultry
- Chicks (0-7 days): Colibacillosis, adverse environment, aspergillosis, avian influenza, and Newcastle disease
- Young birds (7-40 days): Colibacillosis, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), aspergillosis, adverse environment
- Adult birds (layers & breeders): Infectious laryngeal tracheitis (ILT), Mycoplasms (Ms & Mg), Pasturella multocida, Avibacterium paragallinarum, IBV, Marek's disease, Avian metapneumovirus (avian rhinotracheitis - ART)
- Other poultry: Colibacillosis, Mycoplasms (Ms & Mg), Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT), Syngamus trachea, Trichomonas gallinae, Avian metapneumovirus (turkey rhinotracheitis - TRT)
Common Respiratory Diseases in Pigs
- Young piglets (0-7 days): Bordetella infection
- Piglets (7d - weaning): Bordetella infection, streptococcal infections, enzootic pneumonia
- Weaned pigs: Enzootic pneumonia (M.hyopneumoniae), Swine influenza, ascaris migration, Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS), APP
- Adult pigs: Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae (APP), Enzootic pneumonia, swine influenza, Pasteurellosis, ascaris migration, PRRS, TB
Investigation Approach
- Host: Health status, signalment, presentation/clinical signs, flock/herd records, reject/return reports
- Agent: Identify pathogens (e.g., bacteria, viruses) through samples
- Environment: Farm system, environmental factors (e.g., ventilation, weather), recent events, biosecurity
Epidemiology
- Affected animal location
- Disease spread pattern
- Transmission rate
- Recent farm movements (e.g., transfer between units)
- Farm situation (e.g., animal transport lorries)
Clinical vs. Subclinical
- Clinical: Clinical signs causing overt disease (e.g., ILT, Pasturellosis)
- Subclinical: Affecting performance but no visible signs (e.g., IBV, Mycoplasma)
Pet Clinical Exam
- Auscultation: Extremely challenging
- Temperature: Chicken = 40-42°C, Pig = 38.5-40°C
Serology
- Seroconversion = body's production of antibodies in response to antigens (disease or vaccination) ≈ 2 weeks
- Negative (-ve) ELISA serology indicates no exposure to the pathogen or vaccination.
- Positive (+ve) serology indicates possible past or recent exposure to pathogen (not necessarily infection), or vaccination.
Diagnostic Sampling
-
Target sick animals
- Use correct sampling methods, swabbing, lavage, oral fluids, tissue, and serology tests.
Diagnosis
- Post mortem: Determine system affected (URT or LRT), form differential diagnoses, and decide on further tests (histology, bacteriology, PCR, virology).
Monitoring Vaccinations
- Ideally, sample the same bird/pig each time for consistent vaccination tracking
- Knowing the vaccination programme helps in evaluating responses.
Treatment - Bacterial Diseases
- Antimicrobials are used based on culture and sensitivity results, licensed products, and practical withdrawal times for meat, milk, or offal.
- Anti-inflammatories may be used if needed and licensed in food-producing animals, with practical withdrawal times for meat, milk, or offal.
Treatment - Viral Diseases
- No anti-viral products are usually available for pigs or poultry.
- Anti-inflammatory medications if required
- Monitor secondary bacterial infections and treat based on lab results
- Supportive care is the primary treatment
Treatment - Fungal Diseases
- No licenced antifungals are generally available.
- Voriconazole, latroconazole, and fluconazole are a few that work.
- Supportive treatment is most often used.
Treatment - Parasitic Diseases
- Pigs: Migrating ascarids are treated with Doramectin, Ivermectin, fenbendazole, and flubendazole.
- Poultry: Syngamus trachea is treated with fenbendazole, flubendazole, and levamisole.
Supportive Therapy
- Environmental Management: Optimize ventilation (reduce drafts, increase temperature)
- Feeding: Encourage appetite with adjusted feed schedules and types.
- Supplements: Vitamins for immune support, decongestants/expectorants (e.g., eucalptus, menthol), mucolytics (e.g., bromhexine), and electrolytes.
Prognosis
- Individual animal: Good outcome with targeted treatment, minimal respiratory damage. Poor outcome if severe disease.
- Group: Good if quick resolution, minimization of weight loss. Poor if severe and not eradicated, or high abattoir rejects.
Prevention
- Biosecurity and hygiene protocols
- All-in-all-out system
- Ventilation
- Early identification of sick animals
- Surveillance (what's on your farm? )
- Vaccine programs for each animal type
Self-Directed Learning Resources
- Pigs: "Pig Diseases" (9th Edition) by D.J. Taylor), Handbook of Pig Medicine (Peter Jackson & Peter Cockcroft)
- Poultry: "Poultry diseases" by Mark Pattison
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers the critical aspects of diagnosing, treating, and preventing airway diseases in pigs and poultry. Participants will learn to construct differential diagnosis lists, determine medical interventions, and understand environmental management practices. Test your knowledge on respiratory diseases affecting various age groups of poultry.
