Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases and Asthma

Allergens = Environmental triggers Exercise = Physical triggers Cold, dry air = Weather-related triggers Medications and food additives = Chemical triggers

Early phase response = Immediate airway constriction Late phase response = Inflammatory cell infiltration Chronic inflammation = Persistent airway obstruction Hyper-responsiveness = Increased sensitivity of airways

Corticosteroids = Anti-inflammatory agents β2-adrenergic agonists = Bronchodilators Antileukotrienes = Reduce inflammation Methylxanthines = Relieve bronchospasm

<p>Wheezing = High-pitched sound during breathing Dyspnea = Shortness of breath Cough = Persistent airway irritation Chest tightness = Pressure or constricted feeling in chest</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Airflow limitation = Persistent reduction in air movement Chronic inflammation = Prolonged immune response in airways Smoking-related = Primary cause of COPD development Progressive condition = Worsening lung function over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severe acute asthma = Immediate medical attention required Life-threatening asthma = Critical condition requiring emergency care Variable airflow obstruction = Inconsistent respiratory function Chronic management = Ongoing treatment strategy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eosinophils = Inflammatory cells involved in asthma Neutrophils = White blood cells responding to inflammation Bronchial smooth muscle contraction = Narrowing of airways during an attack Airway hyper-responsiveness = Increased sensitivity to triggers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Control symptoms = Minimize frequency of attacks Prevent exacerbations = Avoid triggers and complications Improve lung function = Enhance respiratory efficiency Education = Empower patients with knowledge and skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nurses = Monitor patient status and education Respiratory therapists = Manage breathing treatments Pharmacists = Provide medication guidance Physicians = Diagnose and develop treatment plans</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dyspnea = Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath Insidious onset = Symptoms developing gradually over time Activity limitations = Restrictions in physical activities due to symptoms Progressive = Symptoms worsening over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tobacco smoke = A major risk factor for lung diseases Occupational chemicals = Substances that may be inhaled due to work Infection = Diseases that can exacerbate lung conditions Aging = Increase in risk as one grows older</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Airflow limitation = Reduced ability to breathe out air Mucus hypersecretion = Excessive mucus production in airways Pulmonary hypertension = High blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries Gas exchange abnormalities = Impaired oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mild = Minimal symptoms and slight impairment Moderate = Notable symptoms with some limitations Severe = Significant symptoms affecting daily activities Very severe = Extreme symptoms with respiratory failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cor pulmonale = Right heart failure due to lung issues Acute exacerbations = Sudden worsening of symptoms Acute respiratory failure = Inability to maintain adequate gas exchange Depression and anxiety = Mental health conditions exacerbated by chronic illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic bronchitis = Persistent cough with mucus production Emphysema = Destruction of alveoli and reduced gas exchange Airway inflammation = Common feature in both conditions Mucus accumulation = Leads to airway obstruction in chronic bronchitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dyspnea = Breathlessness experienced during normal activities Chronic inflammation = Long-lasting swelling and irritation in the lungs Lung parenchyma = Functional tissue of the lung</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic bronchitis = Condition characterized by cough and mucus for at least three months Emphysema = Lung condition causing shortness of breath due to alveolar damage COPD = A progressive disease that obstructs airflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asthma = Reversible airway obstruction, often triggered by allergens COPD = Irreversible airflow limitation, typically caused by long-term exposure to irritants Bronchiectasis = Persistent dilation of bronchi leading to chronic infection</p> Signup and view all the answers