Pediatric Airway Disorders Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a significant characteristic of the airways of infants and children compared to adults?

They have more alveoli than adults

They have similar width to adults

They are wider, making them less prone to obstruction

They are narrower, making them more prone to obstruction (correct)

At what gestational age is surfactant production considered an important marker of developmental maturity of the fetal lung?

20 weeks

30 weeks (correct)

40 weeks

10 weeks

What is a characteristic of the immature chest wall in infants and young children?

It is similar to that of adults

It is soft and compliant (correct)

It is fully developed

It is rigid and non-compliant

What is a notable characteristic of children's oxygen consumption compared to adults?

They have greater oxygen consumption per unit of body weight Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of immune mechanisms not being fully developed at birth?

Young infants are more susceptible to infection Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable characteristic of newborns' ventilatory response to hypoxia compared with older children and adults?

Newborns have a blunted ventilatory response to hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of neonatal exposure to air pollution?

Increases the risk for respiratory disease Signup and view all the answers

What can physical examination provide important clues for in assessing UAO and stridor?

Location and nature of UAO and stridor Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of acute upper airway inflammatory obstruction in children ages 6 months to 5 years?

Viral croup (laryngotracheobronchitis) Signup and view all the answers

Why can upper airway infections pose serious threats in children?

Due to inflammatory edema and airway obstruction Signup and view all the answers

What may be the severity of subglottic edema in viral croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)?

Mild to severe Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of upper airway obstruction (UAO) in children?

Parainfluenza Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the rare occurrence of acute epiglottitis in children?

Vaccination against H. influenzae Signup and view all the answers

What can tonsillar infections potentially lead to in children?

Upper airway obstruction (UAO) Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate treatment for bacterial tracheitis in children?

Antibiotics and airway maintenance Signup and view all the answers

What immediate treatment is required for retropharyngeal abscess in children?

Antibiotic treatment Signup and view all the answers

What symptoms in children may indicate foreign body aspiration?

Sudden onset of stridor, coughing, wheezing, or hoarseness Signup and view all the answers

How can angioedema result in airway obstruction in children?

Mucosal swelling Signup and view all the answers

In infants, how can chronic upper airway obstruction (UAO) manifest?

Stridor, abnormal cry, wheezing, or dyspnea Signup and view all the answers

What is obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) associated with in older children?

Airway narrowing Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of surfactant deficiency disorder (RDS) in premature infants?

Incomplete surfactant production Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants?

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes asthma in children?

Bronchial hyperreactivity and reversible airflow obstruction Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pediatric Upper and Lower Airway Disorders

Parainfluenza is the most common cause of upper airway obstruction (UAO) in children.
Acute epiglottitis, once common, is now rarely seen due to vaccination against H. influenzae.
Tonsillar infections can cause UAO and may lead to complications such as abscesses.
Bacterial tracheitis causes UAO and requires antibiotics and airway maintenance.
Retropharyngeal abscess requires immediate antibiotic treatment.
Sudden onset of stridor, coughing, wheezing, or hoarseness in children may indicate foreign body aspiration.
Angioedema can result in airway obstruction due to mucosal swelling.
Chronic UAO can manifest as stridor, abnormal cry, wheezing, or dyspnea in infants.
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is underdiagnosed in older children and is associated with airway narrowing.
Surfactant deficiency disorder (RDS) occurs in premature infants due to incomplete surfactant production.
Bronchiolitis in infants is caused by viruses, most commonly RSV, and can lead to airway obstruction and wheezing.
Asthma, the most common chronic condition in children, is characterized by bronchial hyperreactivity and reversible airflow obstruction.

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Description

Test your knowledge of pediatric upper and lower airway disorders with this quiz. Learn about conditions such as parainfluenza, epiglottitis, tonsillar infections, bacterial tracheitis, foreign body aspiration, and more. Brush up on key information about common causes, symptoms, and treatment strategies for these pediatric airway disorders.