Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a significant characteristic of the airways of infants and children compared to adults?
What is a significant characteristic of the airways of infants and children compared to adults?
- They have more alveoli than adults
- They have similar width to adults
- They are wider, making them less prone to obstruction
- They are narrower, making them more prone to obstruction (correct)
At what gestational age is surfactant production considered an important marker of developmental maturity of the fetal lung?
At what gestational age is surfactant production considered an important marker of developmental maturity of the fetal lung?
- 20 weeks
- 30 weeks (correct)
- 40 weeks
- 10 weeks
What is a characteristic of the immature chest wall in infants and young children?
What is a characteristic of the immature chest wall in infants and young children?
- It is similar to that of adults
- It is soft and compliant (correct)
- It is fully developed
- It is rigid and non-compliant
What is a notable characteristic of children's oxygen consumption compared to adults?
What is a notable characteristic of children's oxygen consumption compared to adults?
What is a consequence of immune mechanisms not being fully developed at birth?
What is a consequence of immune mechanisms not being fully developed at birth?
What is a notable characteristic of newborns' ventilatory response to hypoxia compared with older children and adults?
What is a notable characteristic of newborns' ventilatory response to hypoxia compared with older children and adults?
What is a potential consequence of neonatal exposure to air pollution?
What is a potential consequence of neonatal exposure to air pollution?
What can physical examination provide important clues for in assessing UAO and stridor?
What can physical examination provide important clues for in assessing UAO and stridor?
What is the most common cause of acute upper airway inflammatory obstruction in children ages 6 months to 5 years?
What is the most common cause of acute upper airway inflammatory obstruction in children ages 6 months to 5 years?
Why can upper airway infections pose serious threats in children?
Why can upper airway infections pose serious threats in children?
What may be the severity of subglottic edema in viral croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)?
What may be the severity of subglottic edema in viral croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)?
What is the most common cause of upper airway obstruction (UAO) in children?
What is the most common cause of upper airway obstruction (UAO) in children?
What is the primary reason for the rare occurrence of acute epiglottitis in children?
What is the primary reason for the rare occurrence of acute epiglottitis in children?
What can tonsillar infections potentially lead to in children?
What can tonsillar infections potentially lead to in children?
What is the appropriate treatment for bacterial tracheitis in children?
What is the appropriate treatment for bacterial tracheitis in children?
What immediate treatment is required for retropharyngeal abscess in children?
What immediate treatment is required for retropharyngeal abscess in children?
What symptoms in children may indicate foreign body aspiration?
What symptoms in children may indicate foreign body aspiration?
How can angioedema result in airway obstruction in children?
How can angioedema result in airway obstruction in children?
In infants, how can chronic upper airway obstruction (UAO) manifest?
In infants, how can chronic upper airway obstruction (UAO) manifest?
What is obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) associated with in older children?
What is obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) associated with in older children?
What is the cause of surfactant deficiency disorder (RDS) in premature infants?
What is the cause of surfactant deficiency disorder (RDS) in premature infants?
What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants?
What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants?
What characterizes asthma in children?
What characterizes asthma in children?
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Study Notes
Pediatric Upper and Lower Airway Disorders
- Parainfluenza is the most common cause of upper airway obstruction (UAO) in children.
- Acute epiglottitis, once common, is now rarely seen due to vaccination against H. influenzae.
- Tonsillar infections can cause UAO and may lead to complications such as abscesses.
- Bacterial tracheitis causes UAO and requires antibiotics and airway maintenance.
- Retropharyngeal abscess requires immediate antibiotic treatment.
- Sudden onset of stridor, coughing, wheezing, or hoarseness in children may indicate foreign body aspiration.
- Angioedema can result in airway obstruction due to mucosal swelling.
- Chronic UAO can manifest as stridor, abnormal cry, wheezing, or dyspnea in infants.
- Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is underdiagnosed in older children and is associated with airway narrowing.
- Surfactant deficiency disorder (RDS) occurs in premature infants due to incomplete surfactant production.
- Bronchiolitis in infants is caused by viruses, most commonly RSV, and can lead to airway obstruction and wheezing.
- Asthma, the most common chronic condition in children, is characterized by bronchial hyperreactivity and reversible airflow obstruction.
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