Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary action of the subclavius muscle?
What is the primary action of the subclavius muscle?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for flexion, extension, and abduction at the shoulder joint?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for flexion, extension, and abduction at the shoulder joint?
Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the rotator cuff?
Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the rotator cuff?
What is the action performed by the supraspinatus muscle?
What is the action performed by the supraspinatus muscle?
Signup and view all the answers
Which muscle is responsible for internal rotation and adduction of the upper limb?
Which muscle is responsible for internal rotation and adduction of the upper limb?
Signup and view all the answers
Which muscle acts to elevate the scapula?
Which muscle acts to elevate the scapula?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following muscles does NOT act on the humerus/arm?
Which of the following muscles does NOT act on the humerus/arm?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of movement does the teres minor muscle primarily assist with?
What type of movement does the teres minor muscle primarily assist with?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the primary actions of the muscles in the upper limbs generally associated with?
What are the primary actions of the muscles in the upper limbs generally associated with?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a type of fibrous joint?
Which of the following is NOT a type of fibrous joint?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of connective tissue primarily surrounds synovial joints?
Which type of connective tissue primarily surrounds synovial joints?
Signup and view all the answers
What term refers to the orientation of a structure when it is located toward the midline of the body?
What term refers to the orientation of a structure when it is located toward the midline of the body?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following describes cartilaginous joints?
Which of the following describes cartilaginous joints?
Signup and view all the answers
In anatomical terms, which direction does 'superior' refer to?
In anatomical terms, which direction does 'superior' refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is the ultimate goal of linking the skeletal and muscular systems?
Which of the following is the ultimate goal of linking the skeletal and muscular systems?
Signup and view all the answers
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the wrist and digits 2 through 5 at the MP and PIP joints?
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the wrist and digits 2 through 5 at the MP and PIP joints?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a defining feature of synovial joints?
What is a defining feature of synovial joints?
Signup and view all the answers
Which muscle flexes the wrist and all joints of digits 2 through 5?
Which muscle flexes the wrist and all joints of digits 2 through 5?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of the Flexor digitorum superficialis in finger movement?
What is the role of the Flexor digitorum superficialis in finger movement?
Signup and view all the answers
Which two muscles are mentioned as flexors of the digits?
Which two muscles are mentioned as flexors of the digits?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the combined function of the Flexor digitorum superficialis and Flexor digitorum profundus?
What is the combined function of the Flexor digitorum superficialis and Flexor digitorum profundus?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of nerve damage may occur due to repetitive elbow flexion and extension?
What type of nerve damage may occur due to repetitive elbow flexion and extension?
Signup and view all the answers
Which carpal bone is most likely to fracture when falling with an outstretched arm?
Which carpal bone is most likely to fracture when falling with an outstretched arm?
Signup and view all the answers
Which muscle is primarily responsible for arm flexion and medial rotation?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for arm flexion and medial rotation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of the pectoralis minor muscle?
What is the role of the pectoralis minor muscle?
Signup and view all the answers
Localized neuritis in the region of the ulnar nerve may be caused by what?
Localized neuritis in the region of the ulnar nerve may be caused by what?
Signup and view all the answers
What action is primarily facilitated by the serratus anterior muscle?
What action is primarily facilitated by the serratus anterior muscle?
Signup and view all the answers
The compartment that compresses the ulnar nerve during elbow flexion is referred to as what?
The compartment that compresses the ulnar nerve during elbow flexion is referred to as what?
Signup and view all the answers
Which joint does the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) articulate with?
Which joint does the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) articulate with?
Signup and view all the answers
Which muscle from the posterior compartment of the thigh is primarily responsible for lateral rotation when flexed?
Which muscle from the posterior compartment of the thigh is primarily responsible for lateral rotation when flexed?
Signup and view all the answers
In which gluteal region should intramuscular injections be performed to avoid the sciatic nerve?
In which gluteal region should intramuscular injections be performed to avoid the sciatic nerve?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the medial meniscus?
What is the primary function of the medial meniscus?
Signup and view all the answers
Which ligament allows for more lateral rotation in the knee joint?
Which ligament allows for more lateral rotation in the knee joint?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary action of the gastrocnemius muscle?
What is the primary action of the gastrocnemius muscle?
Signup and view all the answers
Which muscle is a key dorsiflexor of the ankle joint?
Which muscle is a key dorsiflexor of the ankle joint?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure is primarily responsible for stabilizing the medial aspect of the extended knee?
Which structure is primarily responsible for stabilizing the medial aspect of the extended knee?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following muscles aids in flexing the great toe?
Which of the following muscles aids in flexing the great toe?
Signup and view all the answers
Which movement do the lateral compartment muscles of the leg primarily facilitate?
Which movement do the lateral compartment muscles of the leg primarily facilitate?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of joint is the knee classified as?
What type of joint is the knee classified as?
Signup and view all the answers
Which muscle group performs knee flexion and hip extension?
Which muscle group performs knee flexion and hip extension?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a main muscle for ankle dorsal flexion?
Which of the following is a main muscle for ankle dorsal flexion?
Signup and view all the answers
The connection of the patella to the tibia is through which structure?
The connection of the patella to the tibia is through which structure?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of the flexor digitorum longus muscle?
What is the main function of the flexor digitorum longus muscle?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Appendicular Musculoskeletal System
- Skeletal System: Identify bones of the body and their major landmarks by examining 2-D and 3-D representations to understand the functionality of the skeletal system and to build a foundation for terminology used in other organ systems.
- Muscular System: Identify the muscles of the body and recall their basic actions to link body mechanics and aid in future diagnoses.
Upper and Lower Limbs
- Joint Categorization: Joints are categorized by their surrounding connective tissue and degree of movement
-
Fibrous Joints:
- Sutures: Found between bones of the skull.
- Syndesmoses: Found between the fibula and tibia.
- Gomphoses: Found between teeth and the sockets in the maxilla and mandible.
-
Cartilaginous Joints:
- Synchondroses: Found between the first rib and the sternum.
- Symphyses: Found at the intervertebral discs and the pubic symphysis.
-
Synovial Joints:
- Characterized by a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid.
- This fluid lubricates the joint and reduces friction.
- They are the most common type of joint in the body.
- Ulnar Nerve Damage: Older patients may develop degenerative changes within the cubital tunnel, which compresses the ulnar nerve when the elbow joint is flexed. This can cause impaired function of the ulnar nerve due to repeated elbow flexion and extension.
- Scaphoid Fracture: When falling with your arm outstretched, the scaphoid bone is likely to fracture.
Wrist, Hand, and Digits
-
Hand Joints:
- MP: Metacarpophalangeal joint
- PIP: Proximal interphalangeal joint
- DIP: Distal interphalangeal joint
Muscles of the Shoulder
-
Axio-Appendicular Muscles:
- Act on the pectoral girdle and the arm, crossing from the axial to the appendicular skeleton.
Anterior Axio-Appendicular Muscles
-
Pectoralis major:
- Arm flexion, adduction (movement towards the body), and medial/internal rotation.
-
Pectoralis minor:
- Protracts and stabilizes the scapula.
-
Serratus anterior:
- Stabilizes, retracts, and superiorly rotates the scapula.
-
Subclavius:
- Depresses the clavicle.
Posterior Axio-Appendicular Muscles
-
Trapezius:
- Elevates, depresses, rotates, and retracts the scapula.
-
Levator Scapulae:
- Elevates the scapula.
-
Rhomboid minor:
- Retracts and rotates the scapula.
-
Rhomboid major:
- Retracts and rotates the scapula.
-
Latissimus dorsi:
- Internal rotation and adduction of the upper limb.
Intrinsic Shoulder Muscles
-
Scapulohumeral Muscles:
- Act on the arm, crossing the shoulder joint and rotating, abducting, and adducting the arm.
-
Rotator Cuff Muscles:
- Supraspinatus: Abduction
- Infraspinatus: Lateral rotation
- Teres minor: Lateral rotation
- Subscapularis: Medial rotation
-
Deltoid:
- Flexion, extension, and abduction of the arm
Anterior Compartment (Layer 3)
-
Flexors of the digits:
- Flexor digitorum profundus: Flexes wrist and digits 2-5 at all joints - metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interphalangeal joints.
- Intramuscular Injections: A typical site for intramuscular injections is the gluteal region. The sciatic nerve passes through this region and needs to be avoided. The safest place to inject is the upper outer quadrant of either gluteal region.
Thigh - Posterior Compartment
-
Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus: Main hip extensors and knee flexors.
- Biceps femoris: Lateral rotation when flexed, also rotates the knee medially when flexed.
- Semitendinosus: Also rotates the knee medially when flexed.
- Semimembranosus: Also rotates the knee medially when flexed.
-
Gracilis:
- Part of the "Pes Anserinus" group of muscles that cross both knee and hip joints contributing to stability of the medial aspect of the extended knee.
Knee Joint
- Articulating Bones: Femur, tibia, and patella.
- Joint Type: Diarthrotic hinge joint; also allows for gliding and rolling
- Articulations: Medial and lateral femorotibial articulations, and femoraopattallar articulation.
- Capsule: Fibrous capsule attaches from the superior margins of the femoral condyles and tibial plateau. The patella and associated ligaments replace the fibrous capsule on the anterior aspect.
Knee Joint Ligaments
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL): Prevents anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur.
- Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL): Prevents posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur.
- Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL): Ligament on the medial side of the knee.
- Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL): Ligament on the lateral side of the knee.
- Medial Meniscus: A C-shaped piece of fibrocartilage that cushions the medial side of the knee joint.
- Lateral Meniscus: A C-shaped piece of fibrocartilage that cushions the lateral side of the knee joint.
Ankle - Plantarflexion vs. Dorsiflexion
- Plantarflexion: Bending the foot downward.
- Dorsiflexion: Bending the foot upward.
Digits - Flexion vs. Extension
- Flexion: Bending the digits.
- Extension: Straightening the digits.
Leg - Anterior Compartment
-
Dorsiflexors of the Ankle Joint:
- Tibialis anterior: Inverts the foot.
- Extensor hallucis longus: Extends the great toe.
- Extensor digitorum longus: Extends digits 2-5.
Leg - Lateral Compartment
- Fibularis longus and fibularis brevis: Evert the foot and are weak plantarflexors.
Leg - Posterior Compartment (Superficial)
-
Gastrocnemius and Soleus: Main plantarflexors of the ankle joint.
- Gastrocnemius: Plantarflexes when the knee is extended; raises the heel when walking; flexes the leg at the knee joint.
- Soleus: Aids the gastrocnemius.
- Plantaris: Aids the gastrocnemius.
Leg - Posterior Compartment (Deep)
- Popliteus: Unlocks the knee by rotating the femur on the tibia. Medially rotates the tibia.
- Flexor digitorum longus: Flexes digits 2-5.
- Flexor hallucis longus: Flexes the great toe.
- Tibialis posterior: Plantarflexes the foot and inverts the foot.
Bone Surface Markings - Processes
- Tuberosity: Named for the bone it is on.
- Notch: Named for what it articulates with.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge of the appendicular musculoskeletal system by identifying bones, muscles, and joints. This quiz covers key concepts related to the skeletal and muscular systems, including joint categorization and specific types of joints. Enhance your understanding and build a foundation for future studies in anatomy.
