Apparel and Textile Industry Overview

The textile segment processes fibers to produce yarns and fabrics, and performs dyeing and finishing.

Clotech produces non-technical clothing like dresses and jackets, while Protech produces protective textile products like personal protective clothing.

Medtech is characterized by the production of textile products for medical and health applications, such as surgical gowns and masks.

<p>Buildtech produces textile products used as building materials, including reinforcement for concrete and lightweight construction materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yarns are formed by spinning or twisting fibers together; they are crucial as they are interlaced or blended to create fabrics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Packtech focuses on producing textile products for goods packaging, such as packaging bags and transport coverings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fabrics are made from yarns by joining them together through interlacing, interloping, or blending.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Agrotech provides textile products for agricultural applications, including soil covering materials and packaging bags for produce.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The geometric properties include cross-sectional area, shape, and length.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two tensile properties are tenacity and breaking load; they are significant as they indicate the strength and durability of the textile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cotton has poor resistance to acids and good resistance to alkalis, while wool and nylon exhibit varied responses, with wool being good to weak acids but poor to strong acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The acceptable pH range is 4 to 7.5; it is important to prevent skin irritation in humans as the skin's pH is around 5.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The yield point is the stress at which a material begins to deform plastically, indicating the limit of elastic behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Friction affects the wearability and feel of textiles, while roughness influences surface behavior and comfort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creep refers to the tendency of a material to deform permanently under the influence of constant stress over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sorption influences how well a fiber can absorb dyes, which impacts the color vibrancy and durability of the finish.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The specific density of cotton ranges from 1.50 to 1.54 g/cm³, while wool has a specific gravity of 1.30 to 1.32 g/cm³.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moisture absorption in cotton increases its tensile strength, enhancing the fiber's performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wool has fair resistance to acids but poor resistance to alkalis, whereas cotton has poor resistance to acids but good resistance to alkalis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wool begins to degrade at 130°C and chars at 300°C, while cotton turns yellow at 100°C and decomposes quickly at 240°C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cotton has an elastic recovery of about 74% at 2% elongation and 45% at 5% elongation, indicating poor elasticity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flax is a good conductor of heat and can absorb moisture, which allows it to feel cool and dry in warm conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flax has one of the highest tensile strengths among natural fibers, with a tenacity of 5.5 to 6.5 grams per denier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The overlapping scales in wool fibers help retain air and heat, contributing to excellent insulation properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wool has a moisture regain of 15%, while cotton has a moisture regain of 7.1% to 8.5%, indicating wool's superior moisture retention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linen creases easily because of its low elastic recovery; special finishes can be applied to reduce creasing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The poor elongation of cotton, ranging from 7-10%, leads to limited stretchability and increased tendency to wrinkle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linen's poor resistance to bacteria and mildew can lead to hygiene issues if not properly maintained.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linen's good resistance to alkalis and most organic solvents enhances its care and longevity, making it durable during cleaning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linen becomes softer with repeated laundering, which enhances comfort during use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The crisp and fresh appearance of linen fabric makes it appealing for consumers looking for stylish warm-weather clothing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flax can absorb up to 20 times its weight in moisture before feeling damp, making it effective in humid conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linen is an extremely good conductor of heat, allowing body heat to escape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher wax content gives flax a distinctive lustre, making it more lustrous than cotton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linen is used in table wear and upholstery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Raw silk is silk that has not undergone degumming, while spun silk is made from staple fibres.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mulberry silk is produced by Bombyx mori and has good mechanical properties, while wild silk shows variations and is coarser.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The first two steps are reeling and throwing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dupion silk is made when two silkworms spin their cocoons next to each other, resulting in uneven and irregular yarns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Silk has natural lustre, softness, and drapability, reducing the need for additional finishes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viscose rayon has a high lustre and soft hand feel resembling silk, but it is chemically more similar to cotton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viscose rayon fibers appear smooth with an irregular cross-section and exhibit numerous longitudinal striations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wood pulp is treated with caustic soda to form alkali cellulose, then carbon disulphide is added to make cellulose xanthate, which is dissolved, filtered, and aged to become viscose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viscose rayon has less strength than cotton, with its strength reduced by 40 to 70% when wet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viscose rayon exhibits poor resistance to acids but is resistant to alkalis, although concentrated alkalis can damage it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viscose rayon is soft, has high absorbency, excellent moisture management, and drapes well, making it comfortable to wear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viscose rayon is used in medical products, diapers, and sanitary napkins due to its absorbency and softness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prolonged exposure to UV light can damage viscose rayon, raising concerns about its durability and environmental impact.</p> Signup and view all the answers