18 Questions
What is the main role of molecules that bind to specific receptors on the cell surface and trigger apoptosis?
Inducing cell death
Which cellular component is released when mitochondria break down during apoptosis?
Cytochrome c
What happens to DNA in the nucleus of cells undergoing apoptosis?
It is degraded
What is the main function of proteins called caspases in cells undergoing apoptosis?
Breaking down cellular components
Which type of cells are attracted to dying cells by the release of ATP and UTP during apoptosis?
Macrophages
What happens to phosphatidylserine during apoptosis?
It is exposed on the plasma membrane's surface
What are the two ways in which cells can die?
Apoptosis and necrosis
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cells undergoing necrosis?
Cells divide rapidly
What is a trigger of apoptosis that involves the withdrawal of positive signals?
Growth factors for neurons
Which of the following is an example of a negative signal that can induce apoptosis?
Increased levels of oxidants in the cell
Why is apoptosis important in the body?
To remove damaged or unwanted cells from the body
Which type of cell death occurs due to damage from external forces like poison or bodily injury?
Necrosis
What is the role of phagocytes in the context of apoptosis?
Engulfing cell fragments
Which of the following is an example of the importance of apoptosis in development?
Elimination of tissue between developing fingers and toes
How do cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) contribute to maintaining the organism's integrity?
Inducing apoptosis in virus-infected cells
What is the consequence of mutations in the p53 gene?
Production of defective p53 protein in cancer cells
Which process provides nutrients for the development of adult structures in insect pupae?
Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells
How do phagocytic cells impact inflammation during apoptosis?
Release cytokines that inhibit inflammation
This quiz covers the role of apoptosis in development and immune responses, as well as the process of phagocytosis by phagocytes. Topics include cytokine secretion, inhibition of inflammation, and examples of apoptosis in different biological processes.
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