Apoptosis and Phagocytosis in Immune Responses
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Questions and Answers

What is the main role of molecules that bind to specific receptors on the cell surface and trigger apoptosis?

  • Initiating DNA repair
  • Stimulating protein synthesis
  • Promoting cell growth
  • Inducing cell death (correct)
  • Which cellular component is released when mitochondria break down during apoptosis?

  • Keratin
  • UTP
  • Cytochrome c (correct)
  • ATP
  • What happens to DNA in the nucleus of cells undergoing apoptosis?

  • It forms new chromatin
  • It condenses into a supercoiled structure
  • It replicates rapidly
  • It is degraded (correct)
  • What is the main function of proteins called caspases in cells undergoing apoptosis?

    <p>Breaking down cellular components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are attracted to dying cells by the release of ATP and UTP during apoptosis?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to phosphatidylserine during apoptosis?

    <p>It is exposed on the plasma membrane's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two ways in which cells can die?

    <p>Apoptosis and necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cells undergoing necrosis?

    <p>Cells divide rapidly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a trigger of apoptosis that involves the withdrawal of positive signals?

    <p>Growth factors for neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a negative signal that can induce apoptosis?

    <p>Increased levels of oxidants in the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is apoptosis important in the body?

    <p>To remove damaged or unwanted cells from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell death occurs due to damage from external forces like poison or bodily injury?

    <p>Necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of phagocytes in the context of apoptosis?

    <p>Engulfing cell fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of the importance of apoptosis in development?

    <p>Elimination of tissue between developing fingers and toes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) contribute to maintaining the organism's integrity?

    <p>Inducing apoptosis in virus-infected cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of mutations in the p53 gene?

    <p>Production of defective p53 protein in cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process provides nutrients for the development of adult structures in insect pupae?

    <p>Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do phagocytic cells impact inflammation during apoptosis?

    <p>Release cytokines that inhibit inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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