Apoptosis and Phagocytosis in Immune Responses
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Questions and Answers

What is the main role of molecules that bind to specific receptors on the cell surface and trigger apoptosis?

  • Initiating DNA repair
  • Stimulating protein synthesis
  • Promoting cell growth
  • Inducing cell death (correct)

Which cellular component is released when mitochondria break down during apoptosis?

  • Keratin
  • UTP
  • Cytochrome c (correct)
  • ATP

What happens to DNA in the nucleus of cells undergoing apoptosis?

  • It forms new chromatin
  • It condenses into a supercoiled structure
  • It replicates rapidly
  • It is degraded (correct)

What is the main function of proteins called caspases in cells undergoing apoptosis?

<p>Breaking down cellular components (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are attracted to dying cells by the release of ATP and UTP during apoptosis?

<p>Macrophages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to phosphatidylserine during apoptosis?

<p>It is exposed on the plasma membrane's surface (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two ways in which cells can die?

<p>Apoptosis and necrosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cells undergoing necrosis?

<p>Cells divide rapidly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a trigger of apoptosis that involves the withdrawal of positive signals?

<p>Growth factors for neurons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a negative signal that can induce apoptosis?

<p>Increased levels of oxidants in the cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is apoptosis important in the body?

<p>To remove damaged or unwanted cells from the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell death occurs due to damage from external forces like poison or bodily injury?

<p>Necrosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of phagocytes in the context of apoptosis?

<p>Engulfing cell fragments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of the importance of apoptosis in development?

<p>Elimination of tissue between developing fingers and toes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) contribute to maintaining the organism's integrity?

<p>Inducing apoptosis in virus-infected cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of mutations in the p53 gene?

<p>Production of defective p53 protein in cancer cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process provides nutrients for the development of adult structures in insect pupae?

<p>Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do phagocytic cells impact inflammation during apoptosis?

<p>Release cytokines that inhibit inflammation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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