APLN - CLINICAL CHEMISTRY

A volumetric pipette has an accuracy of:

A pipette with a bulb close to the delivery tip is used for viscous fluids and is called a:

The etched rings on the top of a pipette means:

Standard solution from which 99.95% of the chemical can be retrieved are referred to as:

When preparing solutions:

A solution in which the molecules of solute in solution are in equilibrium with excess undissolved molecules is referred to as:

Pure water has a pH of:

A 1 x 10^-6N solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) has a pH of:

The statistical term that most specifically describes analytical precision is the:

Quality control should be used with all procedures to determine:

11. Deleted answer a

A procedure has a 2SD variation from a mean value. How many values from a normal population will the 2 SD include:

Material with physical and chemical properties closely resembling the test specimen and containing concentrations of the substances being measured is known as:

Optical density, according to Beer’s law is:

The difference between serum and plasma is that serum does not contain:

Two control sera are desirable for each general chemistry procedure. Which of these combinations would be appropriate?

Sodium fluoride is used in specimen collection to:

The concentration of oxalate recommended to be used as an anticoagulant, in mg/ML blood, is:

Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) works as anticoagulant by:

The venipuncture site for a routine puncture is commonly cleaned with:

The one precaution to be followed with a specimen for bilirubin determination is to:

Which of these substances cannot be preserved by freezing?

Serum iron should be drawn at the same time on successive days to avoid:

Which of the proteins is soluble in water?

The alpha-amino acids constitute the basic building blocks of proteins. The amino acids are joined together to form a chainlike structure through:

Which of the four elements in proteins differentiate this class of substances from carbohydrates and lipids?

Which amino acid cannot rotate polarized light?

Proteins may become denatured when subjected to mechanical agitation, heat, or extreme chemical treatment. Denaturation of proteins refers to an:

The hemoglobin measurement technique employed for blood donors is:

The ratio of velocities of light in two different media refers to the:

The most anodic protein on electrophoresis at pH 8.6 is:

Proteins are dipolar or zwitterion compounds containing both positive and negative charges. When a protein is at its isoelectric point, the protein will have a:

Svedberg(S) number refer to protein:

The macroglobulins belong to what sedimentation class?

As urine is heated, a precipitate appears at 60C and disappears at 100C. The Substance present is a:

The process of separating albumin from globulins using sodium sulfate is known as:

The conversion of protein nitrogen content to protein content depends on the factor:

Which of the following is NOT true of the biuret reaction?

In acute renal failure which nonprotein nitrogen rises the fastest?

Why is bromocresol purple the preferred indicator for albumin dye binding techniques?

Which reagent is employed in the serum protein determination?

Hemolyzed serum should not be used for total protein because:

Turbidity in serum is associated with the presence of:

Glycoproteins and mucoproteins are usually bound to:

All of the following are glycoproteins, except:

Which of these statements is not applicable to mucoproteins?

How many immunoglobulin classes are currently recognized?

When performing immunoglobulin are currently recognized?

A normal serum protein electrophoresis has approximately 60% albumin and 5-10% each of the other 4 fractions. If an electrophoretic pattern shows 30% albumin, 4-10% of other fractions except gamma which is 45% you would expect what condition to exist in the patient?

Which of the following applies to cryoglobulins?

Which of the following statements is TRUE of albumin?

To measure urinary protein you can use:

An elevated creatinine value is most likely to be accompanied by which of these values?

The conversion factor for blood urea nitrogen to urea is:

By the urease method, urea is enzymatically converted to:

Untreated urine can be used for the determination of urea by the diacetyl monoxime method because:

Urinary creatine may be elevated in which of the following?

The measurement of creatinine is base of the formation of a yellow-red color with:

The classic creatinine reaction is that of:

The specificity of the Jaffe reaction can be enhanced by:

A disease state associated with an elevation of serum uric acid is:

The most common reagent employed in uric acid methodology by alkaline oxidation is:

The uricase method for uric acid assay depends on:

The most precise method for amino acid determination is:

The urea clearance test is an indication of:

The creatinine clearance is based on the assumption that creatinine:

Which of the clearance tests offers the most accurate measure of glomerular filtration?

Which of the clearance tests offers the best measure of tubular function?

A creatinine clearance test is performed. The 24-hour volume of urine is 770 ml; serum creatinine is 2.0 mg/dL and urine creatinine is 240 mg/dL. What is the clearance expressed in mL plasma cleared per minute, assuming average body surface?

The usual determination of osmolality involves measurement of:

Which of the following is true of blood glucose?

Patients with borderline blood glucose levels are further investigated by performing:

The test that gives a two or three (2-3) month picture of a diabetic’s glucose levels is:

Which of the following precautions is necessary to insure validity of the glucose tolerance test?

Contamination of the glucose reagent with catalase is a problem with which glucose method?

The hexokinase methodology for glucose determination is based on:

Proteins are precipitated by which of the following reagents in the Folin-Wu method?

The interfering reducing substances in the Folin-Wu glucose method may be removed by:

In the copper reduction method for glucose, measurable color is developed through the formation of:

The most frequently employed automated method for glucose uses:

When sugars are separated by chromatography, the application of anisaldehyde/sulfuric acid/ethyl alcohol spray will identify galactose as what color spot?

Seliwanoff’s test detects:

Xyloses excretion is helpful in the determination of:

Prehepatic bilirubin has which of the following for a protein carrier?

An increase in indirect-reacting bilirubin is suggestive of:

Direct-reacting bilirubin is:

Bilirubin is converted in the intestines to which of the following:

Which of the following will interfere with the Evelyn and Malloy method for bilirubin?

The “port wine” color of some urines can be attributed to:

Para-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde is a constituent of which reagent?

Both porphobilinogen and urobilinogen form a red-colored compound with Erlich’s reagent. Differentiation can be obtained by:

Bilirubin will develop a violet color after which of the following is added:

A urine specimen that exhibits yellow foam on being shaken should be suspected of having an increased concentration of:

An enzyme may be defined as a/an:

Hemolysis will interfere with all of the following enzyme measurements except:

A high alkaline phosphatase level in the present of other negative liver function tests in indicative of:

A metal ion is sometimes necessary in an enzymatic reaction to:

Which of the following is true of an isoenzyme?

As the temperature is increased from 25C to 37C in the aspartate aminotransferase reaction, the activity of the reaction.

The Michaelis-Menten constant in the rate of conversion of substrate to product is determined by:

In a zero order reaction, there will be no further increase in velocity because:

Lipase catalyzes the hydrolysis of:

Which of the following is TRUE of the isoenzyme LD-1. It is:

Lactate + NAD —> Pyruvate + NADH. The catalyst in the reaction is:

Serum creatine kinase is clinically significant in diseases of the:

Creatine kinase is frequently elevated in disorders such as acute myocardial infarction (MI) and:

The kinetic or rate enzymatic methodologies, optical density decreases as:

In myocardial infarction, the clinically significant enzymes are:

During a suspected myocardial infarction, you should perform creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes to demonstrate the:

In muscular dystrophy, the clinically significant enzymes are:

Ceruloplasmin is an alpha1 globulin that binds: albumin, alpha1,alpha 2 , beta , gamma - Normal SPE pattern

Possibly the most sensitive enzyme indicator of liver function, particularly in obstructive jaundice is:

In acute viral hepatitis, which of the following would NOT be suspected?

What is the optimum pH for acid phosphatase?

The clinical significance of an elevated acid phosphatase is:

If an acid phosphatase test cannot be performed immediately after collection, how should the serum be treated?

Tests for acid phosphatase detect levels of the enzyme from tissues such as:

The substrate for the Cherry-Crandall lipase method is:

Because ionized calcium can be changed without affecting the total calcium level, what other parameter/s must be known to properly evaluate calcium?

The classic Clark - Collip method for calcium is based on the assumption that calcium will be:

In the titration of calcium oxalate with potassium permanganate, the temperature must be maintained at:

A low parathyroid hormone level will cause a:

In the compleximetric titration (EDTA) method for calcium, the pH must be adjusted to prevent:

What is the purpose of lanthanium in the atomic absorption determination of calcium? Lanthanium:

All of the following can cause low chloride levels, EXCEPT:

Inorganic phosphate can be determined from a combination of trichloroacetic acid filtrate and:

At a pH of 7.4, most of the inorganic phosphate in the plasma is in which form?

A phosphorus value of 2.5 mEq/L would be how many mg/dL? (At W.P = 31)?

The colorimetric method for magnesium employs which reagent?

The first step in the serum iron method involves:

The major extracellular cation is:

The major intracellular cation:

Which of these potassium values would be termed hypokalemic?

What is the internal standard when sodium and potassium are measured by flame photometry?

In the classic Schales and Schales (mercurimetric titration) method for chloride, what substance reacts with the indicator to form a violet color?

In the coulometric - amperometric method for chloride, the amount of chloride is measured by: AgCl produced

In gasometric analysis of CO2, the liberated gas is absorbed with:

What is the purpose of caprylic alcohol in the gasometric method for CO2? To:

The normal pH of blood is:

Which of the following is the Henderson - Hasselbach equation?

The ratio of bicarbonate: carbonic acid in normal plasma is:

Most of the CO2 in the blood is present in which form?

What will happen if blood is exposed to air during collection for pH and blood gas studies?

If the glass electrode of pH instrument is coated with protein, the pH value will be:

Which of the following is true of the pCO2 electrode?

The wavelength at which oxyhemoglobin and reduced hemoglobin have the same absorbance is referred to as the:

Which of these statements is appropriate for the plotting of a concentration curve? On:

When performing spectrophotometer quality control checks, the holmium oxide glass filter is used to assess:

For the ultraviolet range, which of these must be employed in the spectrophotometer?

Measurement by flame photometry involves:

Atomic absorption spectroscopy is based on the measurement of:

What is the light source in atomic absorption instrumentation?

Quenching is a disadvantage encountered in:

To achieve the best levels of sensitivity and specificity, a type of detector system that a gas chromatograph may be coupled to is a/an:

Automated chemistry systems, whether discrete or continuous flow, must include:

If an isotope has a half-life of 12 hours and an activity of 24 millicuries (mCi), what will its activity in 36 hours?

Concentrated sulfuric acid has a normality of:

Match the following types of instruments with the description:

The major binding protein for T-4 is:

What purpose does iodine serve in the protein-bound iodine (PBI) methodology?

A T-4 measured as iodine is 1.8 mcg/dL. To what thyroxine value is it equivalent?

In T-4 by radioimmunoassay (RIA), the more thyroxine present in the patient’s serum:

T-3 uptake is actually a measurement of:

The following tests are good indications of hypothyroidism except:

Which of the steroids is identified as an 18 carbon compound that possesses a phenolic “A” ring?

The estrogen with the greatest concentration in urine is:

The standard for 17-ketosteroid determinations is:

Which of following is true regarding pregnanediol? It is

Which of the following is true of steroids?

What is the hormone that controls the reabsorption of sodium in the kidney?

The Kober reaction refers to the pink color resulting from the combination of hot concentrated sulfuric acid and extracted:

The Ittrich extraction for estrogens involves the reagent:

The Porter-Silber reactions employs phenylhydrazine to detect:

The Zimmerman determination of 17-ketosteroids is based on reaction with:

For the measurement of 17-ketogenic steroids (17-hydroxycorticosteroids), prior treatment with what reagent is required?

Catecholamines are secreted by the:

Which of the following is a metabolite of epinephrine?

A two-hour pregnancy test can measure:

Which of these statements is true of an immunological test for pregnancy?

Which subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) will give a very specific radioimmunoassay test for the measurement of hCG?

Which of the following specimens is/are used for pregnancy test?

An ectopic pregnancy is one that occurs in the:

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is secreted by the:

The highest level of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) occurs in which of trimester of pregnancy?

A glycoprotein consisting of two nonidentical noncovalently bound subunits is:

Some commercial kits now available for pregnancy tests incorporate which of the following?

To produce reliable results, at which time should blood specimens for lipid studies be drawn?

The reagent for color development in the Liebermann-Burchard reaction for cholesterol is:

Which of the statements applies to Bloor’s reagent? It:

The purpose of the saponification step in some cholesterol methods is to:

The purpose of the digitonin in cholesterol methodology is the:

In which of these clinical conditions may blood cholesterol be increased?

Which of the following is the Friedewald formula by which low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol can be estimated? (TC = total cholesterol, TG = triglycerides, PL = phospholipids)

When evaluating a coronary risk index for a patient you should know the total cholesterol and:

Most triglyceride procedures involve measurement of:

Which of these lipids has the lowest density?

The more current kinetic methods for the quantitation of serum triglycerides employ enzymatic hydrolysis. The enzymatic hydrolysis of triglycerides may be accomplished by what enzyme?

The migration sequence, from the origin, of lipoproteins is:

Diseases of which system are associated with elevated beta lipoprotein values?

Which statement is true for the oral route of drug administration?

Which of the following therapeutic drugs is not an anticonvulsant?

The point of equilibrium between drug dosage intake and drug elimination is referred to as:

A major disadvantage of drug detection by immunoassays is:

Lithium is measured by:

Tricyclic antidepressants include:

When a kidney stone is tested with sodium cyanide and sodium nitroprusside, the appearance of a magenta color identifies what substance?

The sweat chloride test is useful in the diagnosis of:

The use of the radioisotope 51Cr provides a direct measurement of which of the following?

The average volume for human beings, expressed in ml/kg body weight is: