APLN - BLOOD BANKING
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The interval between blood donations is:

  • 3 weeks
  • 9 months
  • 8 weeks (correct)
  • 1 year

The oral temperature of a donor shall not:

  • 98.6F
  • 35C
  • 98F
  • 37.5C (correct)

The minimum acceptable hemoglobin for male donors is:

  • 12.5 g/dL (correct)
  • 14.0 g/dL
  • 13.5 g/dL
  • 13.0 g/dL

What is the lowest acceptable hematocrit for female blood donors?

<p>38% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Prospective donors who have malaria should be deferred:

<p>For three years after cessation of treatment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The name given to the infectious virus of hepatitis B (HBV) is:

<p>Dane particle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Symptom-free donors immunized with oral polio, measles(rubeola), or mumps vaccines are acceptable after a period of:

<p>2 weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For autologous blood donation, blood should not be drawn from the donor patient within ____ hours of the time of the anticipated operation or transfusion.

<p>72 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An autologous blood donor must:

<p>Have at least an 11g/dL hemoglobin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pretransfusion tests "must" be determined for an autologous transfusion recipient?

<p>ABO and Rh type (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which biochemical change does NOT occur in stored blood?

<p>Plasma Potassium (K) decreases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organism have been implicated in bacterial contamination of donor blood?

<p>Bacillus species (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The acceptable temperature range for a blood bank refrigerator is:

<p>1-6C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fresh frozen plasma that is store at 18C or lower has a shelf life of _____.

<p>1 year (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a blood product is stored at 1-6C and the hermetic seal has been broken, the expiration date becomes:

<p>24 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The optimum temperature for thawing fresh frozen plasma is:

<p>30-37C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to FDA regulations, if blood is to be transported, the blood temperature must be kept between:

<p>1-10C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood group system was discovered first?

<p>ABO (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An amorph is gene:

<p>With no directly observable product (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Production of more antigen in the homozygous state than in the heterozygous state is referred to as:

<p>Dosage effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Unexpected antibodies that react at 37C are:

<p>Considered most clinically significant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Naturally occurring antibodies are found regularly in which system?

<p>ABO (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select the INCORRECT statement below. Naturally occurring antibodies;

<p>Are usually IgG (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Immune antibodies may be produced by:

<p>AOTA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anti-A1 is a seed extract from:

<p>Dolichos biflorus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The frequency of Group A individuals in the United States is:

<p>41% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Group B individuals have:

<p>Anti-A in their serum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Red blood cells of which blood group will not be agglutinated by anti-A,B typing serum?

<p>O (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Red blood cells of which of blood group react most strongly with anti-H?

<p>O (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The reagent made from the seeds of Dolichos biflorus is:

<p>Anti-A1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The antigen most commonly tested for in the Rh system is:

<p>D (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true of D^u?

<p>Du is a variant of the Rho(D) antigen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is not true of Du antigen?

<p>Du cells must be incubated at 4C for one hour (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anti-C will not react with:

<p>rh cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anti-E will react with:

<p>Rh2 Rh2 cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anti-c can be formed by persons with the genotype:

<p>R1 R1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anti-hr will NOT react with:

<p>Rh1 Rh1 cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anti-hr will react with:

<p>Rh1 Rh1 cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The f antigen refers to:

<p>ce (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The symbol for the Bombay blood group is:

<p>Oh (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All but one of the following antibodies will be detected in the serum of Bombay genotype:

<p>Anti-Oh (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The system composed of antigens found primarily in saliva and plasma is:

<p>Lewis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Duffy blood group system, the most common antibody detected is:

<p>Anti-Fya (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is usually IgG, immune, and antiglobulin (Coombs') reactive?

<p>Anti-Jka (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The antigen I is:

<p>Poorly developed on cord red blood cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anti-I is most commonly detected in which crossmatch phase?

<p>Room temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select the incorrect statement:

<p>Anti-I reacts best with cord blood cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT TRUE of anti-Le^a

<p>Is commonly implicated in hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the population lacks the Kell (K) antigen?

<p>90.00% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select the INCORRECT statement:

<p>Anti-K reacts best in saline at room temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anti - K is also known as

<p>Anti-Cellano (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately what percentage of blacks have the Fy (a-b) phenotype?

<p>22% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Recent findings suggest there is an association between the Fy (a- b-) phenotype and resistance to:

<p>Malaria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The antigen Tj^a is part of which system?

<p>P (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately what percentage of males are Xga positve?

<p>65.6% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately what percentage of females are Xg^a positive?

<p>11.3% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color-coding is used for donor blood labels, group A is:

<p>Yellow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard acceptable color for anti-A grouping serum?

<p>Blue-green (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Polyspecific antiglobulin serum is sometimes colored:

<p>Green (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of the dye added to commercially prepared anti-B blood grouping serum?

<p>Yellow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anti-A,B serum:

<p>Is used to confirm group O individuals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a suitable medium for suspensions of red cells for blood banking?

<p>Distilled water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enzymes is NOT used in blood bank procedures?

<p>Amylase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Enzymes prevent detection of antibodies in the:

<p>Duffy system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The technique used to remove antibody bound to sensitized red cells is called:

<p>Elution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A cold autoagglutinin will usually have specificity for the:

<p>I antigen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria is often associated with antibodies in which system?

<p>P (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Forward grouping is using:

<p>Anti-A and anti-B antisera to detect cell antigens A and B (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Reverse grouping difficulties may be encountered in the following instances:

<p>AOTA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient that forward groups as group B probably is a group A2 B with

<p>Anti-A1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The most dangerous and unexpected antibodies in the blood bank are those that react at:

<p>37C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Antiglobulin reagent:

<p>May be produced in laboratory animals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs will NOT cause a positive direct antiglobulin (Coombs') test?

<p>Aspirin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimum incubation temperature for the indirect antiglobulin (IAT) test?

<p>37C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The direct antiglobulin test (DAT) using polyspecific antihuman globulin serum is NOT of value in the:

<p>Differentiation of cell surface coating (complement of IgG) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Albumin-reactive IgG antibodies are about _______ in length:

<p>250 angstroms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

By common usage, a polyspecific anti-human serum at least contains antibodies to:

<p>IgG and C3d (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The direct antiglobulin test is most useful for:

<p>Detection of hemolytic disease of the newborn (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a direct antiglobulin test, you are testing patient:

<p>Cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An indirect antiglobulin test is incubated for:

<p>15-60 minutes at 37C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The red blood cells used for screening patients' serum for unexpected antibodies should be of what group?

<p>Group O (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A false positive antiglobulin test can be caused by:

<p>Bacterial contamination of reagents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A false negative indirect antiglobulin test can be caused by:

<p>Inadequate washing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Laboratories must check each negative antiglobulin test using red blood cells sensitized with IgG. After the addition of these cells, which of the following is NOT necessarily true?

<p>Patient serum was added (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fresh serum (less than 48 hours old must be used for compatibility testing to preserve:

<p>Complement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mixed field agglutination is observed under the microscope as clumps or agglutinates of cells among many free cells. Which of the following is the MOST COMMON REASON for mixed field agglutination?

<p>Transfused cells mingling with patient cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term "type and screen" refers to:

<p>Testing the patient's blood for ABO and Rh type and unexpected antibodies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All but one of the following antibodies will usually be detected in the room temperature phase of crossmatch:

<p>Anti-Jk a (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A positive antigen-antibody reaction is indicated by:

<p>Agglutination or hemolysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antibodies usually gives negative reactions in enzyme test procedures?

<p>Anti-Fya (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

One of the eight units crossmatched is incompatible in the antiglobulin phase of testing. The most likely antibody is:

<p>Anti-K (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a recepient is incompatible with only one donor, the most probable cause is:

<p>A recipient antibody to a low incidence antigen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hemolysis requires complement activation. Which of the following are required for complement activation?

<p>Calcium and magnesium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The initial response to a foreign antigen is known as the "primary response". His primary response usually takes how long to occur?

<p>2-6 months (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Secondary response to the same foreign antigen is known as:

<p>Anamnestic response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Platelet concentrates are most likely to be of benefit in:

<p>Thrombocytopenia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cyroprecipitated antihemophilic factor (AHF) is not recommended for the treatment of:

<p>Hemophilia B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Red blood cells are the product of choice for:

<p>Increasing oxygen carrying capacity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Deglycerolized frozen red blood cells must be transferred within how many hours?

<p>24 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Recurrent nonhemolytic febrile transfusion reactions are usually caused by all of the following except:

<p>Red cell antibodies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is suspected of having a transfusion reaction. When should the transfusion be stopped?

<p>Immediately (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A transfusion reaction is considered febrile when the patient experiences a:

<p>2 degree F rise in temperature within 1 hour of transfusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The blood phenotype O can result from which of the following genotypes?

<p>OO (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cells and serum of a neonate were tested at room temperature: Patient cells with: Anti-A - negative Anti-B - Positive

       Patient serum with:
                 A1 cells - negative
                 Anti - B - positive

             The infant is probably:

<p>Group B (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Patient cells with: Anti-A - positive Anti-B - positive Anti-AB - positive Anti-A1 - negative

Patient serum with: A1 cells - positive B cells - negative

Give the most likely explanation for the discrepancy in the forward and reverse groupings:

<p>The patient is group A2B with anti-A1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimum concentration of a cell suspension to be used in blood banking testing?

<p>2-5% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Weiner genotype R2 R2 is equivalent to:

<p>cDE/cDE (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common genotype that could result from the phenotype D,C,E,c,a?

<p>R2R2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the reactions, D+C+E+, c+, e+, what is the most probable genotype?

<p>R1r (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the reactions, D, C, E , ce+, ce+, what is the most

<p>R1R2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If cells are positive when tested with anti-D, anti-C, and anti-e, and negative when tested with Anti-E and anti-c, what is the most likely genotype?

<p>R1R1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If red cells give positive reactions when tested with anti-Rho, anti-rh', anti-hr', and a negative reaction with anti-rh", which of the following genotypes is IMPOSSIBLE?

<p>R1R2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

113 Deleted answer a

<p>Deleted (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common of the Rh negative genotypes?

<p>cde/cde (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When red cells are positive when tested with anti-c and anti-e and negative when tested with anti-D anti-C and anti-E, what is the genotype?

<p>r r (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

D^u antigen are fairly common to what race?

<p>Blacks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The D antigen is responsible for the most frequent production of unexpected antibodies. Which other blood group antigen is responsible for a large percentage of unexpected antibody production?

<p>K antigen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hemolytic disease of the newborn can occur when:

<p>The mother lacks an antigen the infant possesses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody is most likely to be involved in hemolytic disease of the newborn?

<p>Anti-c (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When severe hemolytic disease of the newborn is due to an unidentified antibody:

<p>Mother's red cells may be used for transfusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The following blood groups, which one does not usually cause hemolytic disease of the newborn?

<p>P (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a case of hemolytic disease of the newborn, when the mother is group O and the baby is group A, red cells for exchange transfusion should be what group?

<p>O (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In cases of ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn, the mother is usually which of the following?

<p>Group O (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a mother passes an antibody to her fetus through the placenta, what type of immunity does the fetus have?

<p>Naturally acquired passive (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the mother is group A1B and the father is group A2B, which would be IMPOSSIBLE in the offspring?

<p>A2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the phenotype mating A2B x 0, which of the following phenotype is possible in the offspring?

<p>B (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the phenotype mating O x O, which of the following phenotypes is possible in the offspring?

<p>O (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An A1B mother and an A2O father could NOT produce which of the following genotypes?

<p>A2O (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the mother is group O and the infant is group B, the infant's blood group genotype is:

<p>BO (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given a mother of group O and an infant of group B, which of the following blood groups would eliminate paternity?

<p>O (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a group AB is mated with a group O, the following genotypes will result:

<p>AO and BO (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the mating of R1r x R2r genotypes, which of the following is probably NOT that of the offspring?

<p>CDe/cdE (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an R2R2 patient is transfused with R1R1 blood, it would be possible for him to form which of the following antibodies?

<p>Anti-Ce (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient requiring a blood transfusion has an anti-e(hr") approximately what percent of donor blood tested would be compatible?

<p>2% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately what percentage of donor blood is compatible with a patient who has anti-Jka?

<p>25% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You must find two units of compatible blood for a patient who has anti-Jka. How many units will you crossmatch?

<p>10 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a patient is to undergo heart bypass surgery, which antibody is considered clinically significant?

<p>Anti-P1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood grouping antibodies can be the cause of a severe delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction?

<p>Kidd (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In titration of an antibody, the first 2-3 tubes are negative and later tubes are positive. This is known as:

<p>Prozone effect (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intravascular hemolysis occur when:

<p>Complement is activated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimum pH at which antibodies bind to cells?

<p>6.5 - 7.5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A blood bank has 10 units of O Rho (D) positive blood from random donors. It should be easiest to find two units of compatible blood for the patient with:

<p>Anti-Lea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the patient with anti-E needs a blood transfusion, approximately what percentage of donor blood tested will be compatible?

<p>70% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient needing a blood transfusion is found to have anti-P1. According to the statistics, select the appropriate number of compatible units

<p>1 of 4 units (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 56C water bath is commonly used for: 1. Crossmatching 2. Preparing eluates 3. Inactivating sera 4. Thawing frozen cells

<p>2 and 3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Testing media for antigen-antibody reactions include: I. Isotonic saline II. LISS III. Albumin IV. Enzymes

<p>I, II, III, IV (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anti-A1 agglutinin is:
I. Found in group A1 patients II. Occasionally found in A2 patients III. Found in all A2B patients IV. Found in group B and O patients

<p>II and IV (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Standardize techniques for blood banking procedures by:

<p>AOTA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anti-AB serum: I. Is obtained from A1B individuals II. Is obtained from A2B individuals III. Is obtained from group O individuals IV. Confirms group O individuals

<p>III and IV (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rh antibodies: I. React more strongly at 37C than at 4C II. Frequently noted to be cold agglutinins III. Acquired from transfusion of pregnancy IV. Confirms group O individuals

<p>I, II, and III (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are naturally occurring? I. Anti-P1 II. Anti-Lea III. Anti-N IV. Anti-S

<p>I, II and III (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The group B phenotype can result from the following genotype/s? I. A1B II. BB III. AO IV. BO

<p>II and IV (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The phenotype A can result from which of the following genotypes?

<p>A1A2 and A1O (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the very acute phase of hepatitis, which of the following would be indicative of the onset of a viremic state?

<p>Positive HBsAg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expiration date (in days) of red blood cells preserved with citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine (CPDA-1)?

<p>35 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Low ionic strength solution (LISS): I. Causes an increase in the electropositive cations surrounding the red cells II. causes a decrease in the electropositive cations surrounding the
red cells III. usually consists of phosphate saline and glycine IV. enhances the rate and sensitivity of antigen-antibody reactions

<p>II, III and IV (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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