Chapter 3

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Questions and Answers

What triggers the process of birth according to the text?

  • Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) (correct)
  • Episiotomy
  • Braxton-Hicks contractions
  • Oxytocin

During which stage of labor does the baby's head move through the birth canal?

  • Transition stage
  • Second stage (correct)
  • First stage
  • Third stage

What is the purpose of an episiotomy during labor?

  • To prevent Braxton-Hicks contractions
  • To release oxytocin
  • To increase uterine contractions
  • To facilitate the passage of the baby through the birth canal (correct)

When do uterine contractions initially occur, as per the text?

<p>Every 8 to 10 minutes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the period known as when contractions reach their greatest intensity during labor?

<p>'Transition period' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the release of oxytocin during labor?

<p>Mother's pituitary gland (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of labor is typically the shortest?

<p>Third stage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate duration of labor for firstborn children?

<p>Between 16 to 24 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In North America, what percentage of births are attended by skilled health personnel?

<p>99% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event marks the exact moment of birth?

<p>Passing through the vagina (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended way to deal with labor based on the text?

<p>Be realistic and honest about pain reactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is expelled during the third stage of labor?

<p>Placenta (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of births in the least developed countries have skilled health personnel in attendance?

<p>66% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the qualities assessed by the Apgar scale?

<p>Body weight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anoxia is defined as...

<p>A restriction of oxygen to the baby during birth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the scoring range for each quality in the Apgar scale?

<p>1 to 10 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Apgar scale during birth?

<p>To detect indications of good health in the baby (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which birthing method involves self-hypnosis?

<p>Mindfulness-based birthing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of doulas during childbirth?

<p>Provide emotional and educational support (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what setting does water birthing take place?

<p>Pool of warm water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are the primary attendants for childbirth according to the text?

<p>Obstetricians (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which birthing method emphasizes natural, 'partner-coached' childbirth?

<p>Lamaze birthing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of babies in the United States are delivered by midwives?

<p>10% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Partner-coached' childbirth is associated with which birthing method?

<p>Lamaze birthing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Labor and Birth

  • Uterine contractions initially occur when the mother's body prepares for labor, usually around the 37th week of gestation.
  • The period of transition, which is the most intense part of labor, occurs when contractions reach their greatest intensity.
  • Oxytocin is released during labor when the baby's head presses against the cervix and stimulates the release of this hormone.

Stages of Labor

  • During the second stage of labor, the baby's head moves through the birth canal.
  • The third stage of labor is when the placenta is expelled from the uterus.

Episiotomy and Interventions

  • An episiotomy is a surgical incision to widen the vaginal opening during labor, allowing for a smoother and less traumatic delivery.

Birth Attendants and Settings

  • In North America, around 99% of births are attended by skilled health personnel.
  • In the least developed countries, only around 45% of births have skilled health personnel in attendance.
  • The primary attendants for childbirth are obstetricians and midwives.
  • Water birthing takes place in a birthing pool or tub.

Apgar Scale

  • The Apgar scale assesses five qualities: heart rate, respiration, muscle tone, reflexes, and color.
  • The scoring range for each quality is 0-2.
  • The purpose of the Apgar scale is to quickly evaluate the new baby's overall health and well-being.

Birthing Methods

  • Hypnobreathing is a birthing method that involves self-hypnosis.
  • The Bradley method emphasizes natural, 'partner-coached' childbirth.
  • Doulas play a primary role in supporting the mother during childbirth.

Statistics

  • Around 1% of babies in the United States are delivered by midwives.
  • The exact moment of birth is marked by the complete delivery of the baby.
  • The recommended way to deal with labor is to stay relaxed and focused.

Miscellaneous

  • Anoxia is defined as a lack of oxygen.

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