Questions and Answers
Which of the following correctly explains the evidence that stress leads to three distinct stages of physiological change?
What is the best method to understand the causal effect of a reward on intrinsically motivated behavior?
Conduct an experiment in which intrinsic motivation is tested prior to administering a reward.
How would Dr. Dameron best test the Yerkes-Dodson law using caffeine?
Give three different groups of players low, medium, and high doses of caffeine and observe performance.
What part of the brain primarily controls emotions?
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According to the drive-reduction theory of motivation, drives arise because of physiological imbalances in what?
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What neurotransmitter is most closely associated with reward-seeking behavior?
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Meredith's experience of smiling in the mirror suggests evidence for what hypothesis?
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How do the Cannon-Bard and James-Lange theories differ in explaining Monica's emotional response?
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According to Schachter's two-factor theory of emotion, why will Russ be more scared while watching the horror movie?
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Chronic stress is most likely to lead to what health issue?
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According to Kurt Lewin's motivational conflict theory, when does approach-avoidance conflict occur?
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How does stress contribute to heart disease?
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Why are personality tests that use forced-choice questions beneficial?
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What was one of Freud's main contributions to personality theory?
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If a personality survey shows high internal consistency related to agreeableness, what does this indicate?
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What explanatory factor might Alfred Adler explore regarding Rolf's nervousness about skiing?
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Study Notes
Stress and Physiological Response
- Hans Selye identified three stages of physiological change due to stress: alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion.
- His research involved measuring cortisol and blood sugar levels in rats under various stressful conditions.
Intrinsic Motivation and Rewards
- To assess the impact of rewards on intrinsic motivation, conduct an experiment measuring behavior motivation before administering a reward.
- Evaluate motivation again after removing the reward for accurate results.
Yerkes-Dodson Law and Arousal
- Dr. Dameron's experiment manipulates arousal in college basketball players by administering varying doses of caffeine.
- It is anticipated that players receiving medium caffeine doses will perform the best during practice.
Emotions and the Brain
- The limbic system is primarily responsible for emotional regulation and processing.
Drive-Reduction Theory
- According to drive-reduction theory, physiological imbalances that trigger drives aim to restore homeostasis in the body.
Dopamine and Motivation
- Dopamine is closely linked to reward-seeking behavior, influencing motivation and pleasure.
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
- Meredith's experience of smiling to enhance her mood supports the facial feedback hypothesis, suggesting facial expressions can influence emotions.
Theories of Emotion
- The Cannon-Bard theory posits that emotional states and physiological arousal occur simultaneously.
- In contrast, the James-Lange theory argues that physiological arousal precedes emotional response.
Emotion and Arousal
- Schachter's two-factor theory suggests that Russ will experience greater fear while watching a horror movie because his physical arousal from running enhances emotional response.
Chronic Stress Effects
- Chronic stress is associated with diminished immune system function, making individuals more vulnerable to illness.
Approach-Avoidance Conflict
- According to Kurt Lewin's motivational conflict theory, approach-avoidance conflicts arise when a situation presents both attractive and unattractive aspects.
Stress and Heart Disease
- Stress contributes to heart disease through cortisol release, which decreases blood vessel flexibility, leading the heart to exert more effort.
Personality Testing
- Personality tests that utilize forced-choice questions minimize desirability bias by requiring participants to choose between unrelated statements.
Freud's Personality Theory
- Freud's theory suggests that personality results from the interplay between the id, ego, and superego, developed through case studies and therapeutic sessions.
Internal Consistency in Personality Surveys
- High internal consistency in a personality survey indicates that participants are likely to provide similar responses to questions about the same personality trait.
Adler and Anxiety in New Experiences
- Alfred Adler would explore Rolf's feelings about his familial relationships, particularly with his older sister, to understand his anxiety about learning to ski.
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Description
Test your knowledge on stress responses and the pioneering work of Hans Selye in this AP Psychology Unit 7 quiz. Explore key concepts such as the physiological stages of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. Perfect for reinforcing important material before exams!
