AP Psychology Unit 7 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following correctly explains the evidence that stress leads to three distinct stages of physiological change?

Sigmund Freud developed the theory of psychosexual stages.

Carl Rogers emphasized unconditional positive regard.

Abraham Maslow proposed a hierarchy of needs.

Hans Selye conducted a study measuring cortisol and blood sugar levels in rats. (correct)

What is the best method to understand the causal effect of a reward on intrinsically motivated behavior?

Conduct an experiment in which intrinsic motivation is tested prior to administering a reward.

How would Dr. Dameron best test the Yerkes-Dodson law using caffeine?

Give three different groups of players low, medium, and high doses of caffeine and observe performance.

What part of the brain primarily controls emotions?

Limbic system Signup and view all the answers

According to the drive-reduction theory of motivation, drives arise because of physiological imbalances in what?

Homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

What neurotransmitter is most closely associated with reward-seeking behavior?

Dopamine Signup and view all the answers

Meredith's experience of smiling in the mirror suggests evidence for what hypothesis?

Facial feedback hypothesis Signup and view all the answers

How do the Cannon-Bard and James-Lange theories differ in explaining Monica's emotional response?

Cannon-Bard suggests simultaneous emotional and physiological responses, while James-Lange suggests physiological arousal precedes emotion. Signup and view all the answers

According to Schachter's two-factor theory of emotion, why will Russ be more scared while watching the horror movie?

He is aroused from the run. Signup and view all the answers

Chronic stress is most likely to lead to what health issue?

Decreased functioning of the immune system Signup and view all the answers

According to Kurt Lewin's motivational conflict theory, when does approach-avoidance conflict occur?

When a situation has both positive and negative aspects Signup and view all the answers

How does stress contribute to heart disease?

Cortisol released during stress reduces the flexibility of blood vessels. Signup and view all the answers

Why are personality tests that use forced-choice questions beneficial?

They minimize desirability bias by forcing choices between two unrelated statements. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of Freud's main contributions to personality theory?

Balance among the id, the ego, and the superego Signup and view all the answers

If a personality survey shows high internal consistency related to agreeableness, what does this indicate?

People will tend to give similar answers to both questions. Signup and view all the answers

What explanatory factor might Alfred Adler explore regarding Rolf's nervousness about skiing?

Rolf's feelings about his older sister. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Stress and Physiological Response

Hans Selye identified three stages of physiological change due to stress: alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion.
His research involved measuring cortisol and blood sugar levels in rats under various stressful conditions.

Intrinsic Motivation and Rewards

To assess the impact of rewards on intrinsic motivation, conduct an experiment measuring behavior motivation before administering a reward.
Evaluate motivation again after removing the reward for accurate results.

Yerkes-Dodson Law and Arousal

Dr. Dameron's experiment manipulates arousal in college basketball players by administering varying doses of caffeine.
It is anticipated that players receiving medium caffeine doses will perform the best during practice.

Emotions and the Brain

The limbic system is primarily responsible for emotional regulation and processing.

Drive-Reduction Theory

According to drive-reduction theory, physiological imbalances that trigger drives aim to restore homeostasis in the body.

Dopamine and Motivation

Dopamine is closely linked to reward-seeking behavior, influencing motivation and pleasure.

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Meredith's experience of smiling to enhance her mood supports the facial feedback hypothesis, suggesting facial expressions can influence emotions.

Theories of Emotion

The Cannon-Bard theory posits that emotional states and physiological arousal occur simultaneously.
In contrast, the James-Lange theory argues that physiological arousal precedes emotional response.

Emotion and Arousal

Schachter's two-factor theory suggests that Russ will experience greater fear while watching a horror movie because his physical arousal from running enhances emotional response.

Chronic Stress Effects

Chronic stress is associated with diminished immune system function, making individuals more vulnerable to illness.

Approach-Avoidance Conflict

According to Kurt Lewin's motivational conflict theory, approach-avoidance conflicts arise when a situation presents both attractive and unattractive aspects.

Stress and Heart Disease

Stress contributes to heart disease through cortisol release, which decreases blood vessel flexibility, leading the heart to exert more effort.

Personality Testing

Personality tests that utilize forced-choice questions minimize desirability bias by requiring participants to choose between unrelated statements.

Freud's Personality Theory

Freud's theory suggests that personality results from the interplay between the id, ego, and superego, developed through case studies and therapeutic sessions.

Internal Consistency in Personality Surveys

High internal consistency in a personality survey indicates that participants are likely to provide similar responses to questions about the same personality trait.

Adler and Anxiety in New Experiences

Alfred Adler would explore Rolf's feelings about his familial relationships, particularly with his older sister, to understand his anxiety about learning to ski.

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Description

Test your knowledge on stress responses and the pioneering work of Hans Selye in this AP Psychology Unit 7 quiz. Explore key concepts such as the physiological stages of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. Perfect for reinforcing important material before exams!