AP Psychology Unit 6 Flashcards

Preceding events that influence what comes later.

<p>Learning to avoid events or conditions associated with dreaded outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychotherapy that seeks to extinguish or inhibit maladaptive behavior by reinforcing desired behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An agreement between two parties on consequences for behavior change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A type of learned response where a neutral stimulus elicits a reflexive response after being paired with a stimulus that produces the response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reinforcement schedules that operate simultaneously and independently for different responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rewards or punishments that derive their value from association with other more basic reinforcers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The learned response to a previously neutral stimulus in classical conditioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A previously neutral stimulus that begins to trigger a conditioned response after being associated with an unconditioned stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A graphic record of reinforcement and responding in a Skinner box as a function of time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cognitive process whereby two or more stimuli are distinguished.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cues that influence operant behavior by indicating probable consequences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To draw forth or bring out from some source.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To give off, send forth, or discharge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning of behaviors that allow an organism to escape from an aversive stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A reinforcement pattern where reinforcement is provided after producing a response at least once following a specified time interval.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A reinforcement pattern that provides reinforcement following a regular number of responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to use results from a sample to reach conclusions about a larger population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A procedure in which a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through association with an established conditioned stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The body's defensive reaction to invasion by foreign substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning how to solve a problem by applying prior knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concept that learning can sometimes go against the innate abilities of a species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Operant conditioning that pairs a response with reinforcement in discrete trials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An operant conditioning principle where only some responses are reinforced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The principle stating that behaviors followed by favorable consequences are more likely to recur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The principle that the proportion of responses matches the proportion of reinforcers obtained.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The act of representing something, usually on a smaller scale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing the strength of a response by removing a painful stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Change in behavior due to watching others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A form of classical conditioning that requires only one experience to form an association.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behavior that operates on the environment and produces consequences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A Skinner box used to study operant conditioning, containing devices for reinforcement and data collection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conditioning that brings responses under control through reinforcement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analyzing behavior as a compromise of feeding costs and benefits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reinforcing a response only part of the time, leading to slower acquisition but greater resistance to extinction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Irrational fears of specific objects or situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, strengthening the response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Making the opportunity to engage in a high-probability behavior contingent on a low-frequency behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evolutionary predisposition to learn certain stimuli pairings due to survival value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Innately reinforcing stimuli that satisfy biological needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The unconscious activation of particular associations in memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An event that decreases the behavior it follows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An expectation that people will help those who have helped them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The quick relearning of a conditioned response following extinction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A stimulus or event that follows a response and increases the likelihood of that response repeating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The circumstances or rules determining if responses lead to reinforcer presentation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Any event that strengthens the behavior it follows in operant conditioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When an organism continues making responses after reinforcement has been discontinued.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A stimulus-stimulus pairing procedure where a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus are presented together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cognitive operation of accessing information stored in memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A timetable determining when and how often a specific behavior is reinforced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A form of learning where a neutral stimulus is made meaningful through classical conditioning, and then paired with a new neutral stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulus events that acquire reinforcing qualities by being associated with primary reinforcers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An operant conditioning procedure where reinforcers guide behavior toward approximations of the desired behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A box containing devices for reinforcing behavior in operant conditioning experiments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after a pause.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning occurs only if events happen close together in time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A change in surroundings causing an organism to react.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process where an organism learns to respond only to a specific stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When a conditioned response becomes associated with similar stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behaviors ordered in terms of increasing similarity to the desired response in shaping.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An operant conditioning procedure where individuals earn tokens for desired behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The act of testing something.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An organism's automatic reaction to a stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response without prior conditioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A reinforcement schedule where the reinforcer is given for the first response after a variable time interval.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A reinforcement schedule where the reinforcer is given after a variable number of nonreinforced responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers