AP Psychology Unit 2 Flashcards
15 Questions
100 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is naturalistic observation?

  • Data collection without manipulation of the environment (correct)
  • Data collection involving experiments
  • Data collection in a controlled environment
  • Data collection with manipulation of the environment

    • What is a control group?

    The group that does not receive the treatment in a scientific experiment.

    Define hypothesis.

    A tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables.

    What does the correlational method measure?

    <p>The extent to which two variables are related.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is critical thinking?

    <p>Thinking that examines assumptions and evaluates evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phrase 'theory must also be falsifiable' mean?

    <p>It means that a theory or hypothesis can be proven false.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a self-fulfilling prophecy?

    <p>A prediction that causes itself to become true.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a dependent variable?

    <p>The factor being measured by the investigator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is random assignment?

    <p>A procedure used to create study groups with similar characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are APA Ethical Guidelines for Human Research?

    <p>Guidelines established by the APA to ensure ethical treatment in research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the APA Ethical Guidelines for Animal Research?

    <p>Guidelines that ensure humane care and scientific purpose in research involving animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'statistically significant' refer to?

    <p>The likelihood that a result is not due to random chance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are extraneous variables?

    <p>Undesirable variables that influence the relationship between the studied variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a meta-analysis?

    <p>A statistical technique that combines the results of many studies on a specific topic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an independent variable?

    <p>A variable that stands alone and is not changed by other variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Research Methods in Psychology

    • Naturalistic Observation: Data collection method observing subjects in their natural environment without interference; aims to understand behavior in real-world contexts.
    • Control Group: Essential in experiments; this group doesn't receive the treatment being tested, allowing for comparison to the experimental group.
    • Hypothesis: A testable prediction that explores the relationship between variables, providing a foundation for experimental investigation.

    Research Techniques

    • Correlational Method: Assesses the degree to which two variables are related, but does not imply causation.
    • Critical Thinking: Important cognitive skill that involves evaluating arguments, uncovering hidden values, and assessing evidence to form judgments.
    • Falsifiability: A characteristic of scientific theories; asserts that a statement must be able to be proven false to be valid.

    Psychological Phenomena

    • Self-Fulfilling Prophecy: Occurs when a belief or expectation influences actions that ultimately lead to the expected outcome.

    Variables in Research

    • Dependent Variable: The outcome measured in an experiment, affected by changes in the independent variable.
    • Independent Variable: The manipulated factor in an experiment, believed to affect the dependent variable.
    • Extraneous Variables: Uncontrolled variables that may influence the dependent variable, confounding experimental results.

    Research Ethics

    • APA Ethical Guidelines (Human): Framework established by the American Psychological Association to protect participants, ensuring elements like informed consent, confidentiality, and minimal risk.
    • APA Ethical Guidelines (Animal): Similar guidelines for animal research focusing on humane treatment, legal acquisition, and minimizing suffering.

    Experimental Design

    • Random Assignment: Procedure to ensure every participant has an equal chance of being placed in any group, which helps enhance the validity of the experimental results.
    • Direct Observation: Method of gathering information by observing subjects in their usual environment without interference.

    Statistical Analysis

    • Statistical Significance: Indicates the likelihood that observed results are not due to chance; determined through hypothesis testing.
    • Meta-Analysis: Statistical approach that consolidates findings from multiple studies to reveal overarching patterns and relationships.

    Additional Concepts

    • Co-efficient of Correlation: A value that measures the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables; ranges from -1 to +1.
    • Disadvantages and Advantages of Research Methods: Each research method has its strengths and weaknesses, impacting the choice of method based on research goals.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Dive into the key concepts of AP Psychology with these flashcards focusing on Unit 2. Explore terms like naturalistic observation and control group, essential for understanding research methods in psychology. Perfect for exam preparation or reinforcing your knowledge on research techniques.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser