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Questions and Answers
Sensation is to _____ as perception is to ______.
Sensation is to _____ as perception is to ______.
Sensation is to _____ as perception is to _______.
Sensation is to _____ as perception is to _______.
stimuli detection; sensory interpretation
What is the smallest change in sensation that we are able to detect 50% of the time?
What is the smallest change in sensation that we are able to detect 50% of the time?
just noticeable difference
The absolute threshold for vision has been determined to be a candle flame 30 miles away on a clear night.
The absolute threshold for vision has been determined to be a candle flame 30 miles away on a clear night.
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What is the term for the change from physical to neural?
What is the term for the change from physical to neural?
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What is the least amount needed to detect a change called?
What is the least amount needed to detect a change called?
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What does 'perception' mean?
What does 'perception' mean?
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What phenomenon is described as not seeming so warm in a given environment?
What phenomenon is described as not seeming so warm in a given environment?
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What is the term for the least amount of stimulus intensity that can be detected?
What is the term for the least amount of stimulus intensity that can be detected?
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Which human sensory system is most important for everyday perceptual functioning?
Which human sensory system is most important for everyday perceptual functioning?
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What part of the eye performs the first step in vision by bending light rays through the pupil?
What part of the eye performs the first step in vision by bending light rays through the pupil?
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What are the two types of receptors present in the eye?
What are the two types of receptors present in the eye?
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What is the process called by which the lens of the eye changes shape to focus objects on the retina?
What is the process called by which the lens of the eye changes shape to focus objects on the retina?
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What are the three dimensions that combine to provide colors we experience?
What are the three dimensions that combine to provide colors we experience?
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According to which theory of color vision do certain cells in the visual system increase their rate of firing to signal the opposing color?
According to which theory of color vision do certain cells in the visual system increase their rate of firing to signal the opposing color?
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What characteristic of sound is determined by the number of cycles completed by a sound wave in one second?
What characteristic of sound is determined by the number of cycles completed by a sound wave in one second?
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What theory proposes that each pitch we hear is determined by the particular spot along the basilar membrane of the cochlea that vibrates the most?
What theory proposes that each pitch we hear is determined by the particular spot along the basilar membrane of the cochlea that vibrates the most?
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What sensory system sends information to the limbic system, playing an important role in memory and emotion?
What sensory system sends information to the limbic system, playing an important role in memory and emotion?
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What are the two types of hearing loss and deafness?
What are the two types of hearing loss and deafness?
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Gustation gives us how many distinct kinds of sensations?
Gustation gives us how many distinct kinds of sensations?
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What sense is influenced by temperature, smell, color, and texture?
What sense is influenced by temperature, smell, color, and texture?
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When you inadvertently lay your hand on a hot stove, at which brain structure is the neural message of heat and pain received?
When you inadvertently lay your hand on a hot stove, at which brain structure is the neural message of heat and pain received?
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This sense provides information about the relative position and movement of body parts.
This sense provides information about the relative position and movement of body parts.
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The sense that provides information about movement and our orientation in space is called:
The sense that provides information about movement and our orientation in space is called:
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Recent research suggests that the connection between odor and memory peaks between the ages of ___ and ___, and decreases steadily thereafter.
Recent research suggests that the connection between odor and memory peaks between the ages of ___ and ___, and decreases steadily thereafter.
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It has been reported that temperature changes on small areas of the tongue can actually result in taste sensations in humans.
It has been reported that temperature changes on small areas of the tongue can actually result in taste sensations in humans.
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What are the thin electromagnetic waves that we can see called?
What are the thin electromagnetic waves that we can see called?
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What is the transparent covering of the colored part of the eye?
What is the transparent covering of the colored part of the eye?
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What is the theory of color vision that states there are three types of cones?
What is the theory of color vision that states there are three types of cones?
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How is the loudness of sound measured?
How is the loudness of sound measured?
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What is the distinctive quality of a sound called?
What is the distinctive quality of a sound called?
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What are the three smallest bones in the body located in the ear called?
What are the three smallest bones in the body located in the ear called?
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What is the term for the sensation of hearing?
What is the term for the sensation of hearing?
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What is it called when hair cell receptors vibrate at the same rate as sound?
What is it called when hair cell receptors vibrate at the same rate as sound?
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What is the phenomenon when chewing ice is heard in the head?
What is the phenomenon when chewing ice is heard in the head?
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What type of hearing loss can usually be helped by a hearing aid?
What type of hearing loss can usually be helped by a hearing aid?
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What is the home for 10 million receptor cells for smell?
What is the home for 10 million receptor cells for smell?
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What is the sensation of taste called?
What is the sensation of taste called?
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Where do receptor cells for taste reside?
Where do receptor cells for taste reside?
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What term pertains to the sense of touch?
What term pertains to the sense of touch?
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What is the theory that states pain signals travel slowly?
What is the theory that states pain signals travel slowly?
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What drug blocks the action of endorphins?
What drug blocks the action of endorphins?
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_____ psychologists studied perception guided by the principle that 'the whole is more than just the sum of its parts.'
_____ psychologists studied perception guided by the principle that 'the whole is more than just the sum of its parts.'
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That we seem to perceive our environment in terms of an object standing out in the midst of a background is known as the ______ principle.
That we seem to perceive our environment in terms of an object standing out in the midst of a background is known as the ______ principle.
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The principle of similarity refers to the idea that we organize our perceptual experience based, in one way, on how objects contrast with each other.
The principle of similarity refers to the idea that we organize our perceptual experience based, in one way, on how objects contrast with each other.
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When we group objects in accordance with their relative closeness in time or space, what principle are we organizing our perceptual experience according to?
When we group objects in accordance with their relative closeness in time or space, what principle are we organizing our perceptual experience according to?
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The fact that we tend to perceive objects as the same size, shape, brightness, and color even at different angles, distance, and lighting conditions is known as the phi-phenomenon.
The fact that we tend to perceive objects as the same size, shape, brightness, and color even at different angles, distance, and lighting conditions is known as the phi-phenomenon.
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If our ______ were given a literal interpretation, we would believe that Joe, who was 5'7 and stood 3 feet away from us, was taller than John, who was 6' tall but was a block away.
If our ______ were given a literal interpretation, we would believe that Joe, who was 5'7 and stood 3 feet away from us, was taller than John, who was 6' tall but was a block away.
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Sometimes the brilliant moonlight can change considerably the shades of red on my barn. However, even under these conditions, I still perceive the barn as its 'much-in-need-of-paint' shade of red. This tendency to perceive the correct color of familiar objects even under different conditions of illumination is known as ____.
Sometimes the brilliant moonlight can change considerably the shades of red on my barn. However, even under these conditions, I still perceive the barn as its 'much-in-need-of-paint' shade of red. This tendency to perceive the correct color of familiar objects even under different conditions of illumination is known as ____.
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One interesting fact about depth perception is that, while we see the object in 3 dimensions, our eyes provide only 2-dimensional information.
One interesting fact about depth perception is that, while we see the object in 3 dimensions, our eyes provide only 2-dimensional information.
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One important contribution to our 3-dimensional perception is ______, the phenomenon where each eye receives a slightly different view of the objects we are watching.
One important contribution to our 3-dimensional perception is ______, the phenomenon where each eye receives a slightly different view of the objects we are watching.
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This illusion of apparent motion by stationary lights is known as the ______ ______.
This illusion of apparent motion by stationary lights is known as the ______ ______.
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Have you ever found yourself riding in a car at night and wondering if the moon was following you? If so, then you have experienced a phenomenon known as motion parallax.
Have you ever found yourself riding in a car at night and wondering if the moon was following you? If so, then you have experienced a phenomenon known as motion parallax.
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What is the term for false perception of actual stimuli?
What is the term for false perception of actual stimuli?
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What refers to information from other than sensory channels?
What refers to information from other than sensory channels?
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What is the term used to describe figures that can be perceived in multiple ways, such as an old woman/young woman?
What is the term used to describe figures that can be perceived in multiple ways, such as an old woman/young woman?
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What term describes the expectation that affects perception?
What term describes the expectation that affects perception?
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What are the figures that cannot exist in reality, such as a three-pronged trident?
What are the figures that cannot exist in reality, such as a three-pronged trident?
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What term describes signals below the absolute threshold?
What term describes signals below the absolute threshold?
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What is associated with the concept 'the farther the longer'?
What is associated with the concept 'the farther the longer'?
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What part of the anatomy must odor molecules reach before they are sensed?
What part of the anatomy must odor molecules reach before they are sensed?
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Where do smell sensations first register in the brain?
Where do smell sensations first register in the brain?
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What is the process by which we detect visual, auditory, and other stimuli?
What is the process by which we detect visual, auditory, and other stimuli?
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What is the process of organizing & interpreting the information we gather through vision, hearing, and other senses?
What is the process of organizing & interpreting the information we gather through vision, hearing, and other senses?
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The _____ is that level of stimulus intensity that defines the minimum amount of stimulus that can be detected 50% of the time.
The _____ is that level of stimulus intensity that defines the minimum amount of stimulus that can be detected 50% of the time.
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The _____ is a measure of the smallest change in a physical stimulus required to detect a change in the stimulus 50% of the time.
The _____ is a measure of the smallest change in a physical stimulus required to detect a change in the stimulus 50% of the time.
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What theory involves searching for a specific person in a crowd based on given descriptions?
What theory involves searching for a specific person in a crowd based on given descriptions?
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If I see, hear, taste, smell, or feel, my specific sense organ has specialized cells called ____ that detect & respond to the particular stimulus.
If I see, hear, taste, smell, or feel, my specific sense organ has specialized cells called ____ that detect & respond to the particular stimulus.
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Weber's law is used to determine the value of the absolute threshold.
Weber's law is used to determine the value of the absolute threshold.
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What does olfaction refer to?
What does olfaction refer to?
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What sense is related to movement and body awareness?
What sense is related to movement and body awareness?
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What are depth cues such as interposition, linear perspective, and relative size known as?
What are depth cues such as interposition, linear perspective, and relative size known as?
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Bottom-up processing is to top-down processing as ____ is to ____.
Bottom-up processing is to top-down processing as ____ is to ____.
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Study Notes
Sensation vs. Perception
- Sensation involves stimuli detection, while perception is the interpretation of sensory information.
- Just noticeable difference is the smallest detectable change in sensation, recognized 50% of the time.
- Absolute threshold for vision is determined as a candle flame seen at 30 miles away on a clear night.
Sensory Processes
- Transduction is the process of converting physical energy into neural signals.
- Difference threshold refers to the minimum amount needed to perceive a change in stimulus intensity.
- Sensory adaptation is the phenomenon where sensitivity to a stimulus decreases after prolonged exposure.
Visual System
- The primary human sensory system essential for daily functioning is vision.
- Cornea is the transparent outer covering of the eye that bends light rays to aid focus.
- Two types of photoreceptors in the eye are cones (color vision) and rods (light sensitivity).
- Adaptation refers to the lens's ability to change shape for focusing on images on the retina.
Color Vision
- Colors are experienced through three dimensions: hue, saturation, and brightness.
- Opponent-process theory suggests that color perception is controlled by opposing colors' interactions.
- Trichromatic theory posits that there are three types of cones sensitive to blue, red, and green.
Auditory System
- Frequency refers to the number of cycles a sound wave completes in one second, affecting pitch.
- Place theory explains pitch perception based on the location of maximum vibration on the cochlea’s basilar membrane.
- The measurement of sound loudness is quantified in decibels.
Taste and Smell
- Gustation provides five distinct tastes: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami (monosodium glutamate).
- Taste is influenced by temperature, smell, color, and texture.
- Olfactory system processes smell information and connects closely to memory and emotion.
- Olfactory epithelium houses approximately 10 million receptor cells for detecting smells.
Touch and Kinesthetic Senses
- Tactile perception pertains to the sense of touch.
- Somatosensory cortex processes signals for heat and pain.
- Vestibular sense provides information on body position and movement.
Depth Perception
- Depth cues like interposition, linear perspective, and relative size are classified as monocular cues.
- Perceptual constancy allows us to perceive familiar objects as having stable color despite changes in lighting.
- Phi phenomenon offers a cognitive way of perceiving depth from the slightly different images our eyes receive.
Perception Theories
- Gestalt psychology emphasizes the idea that "the whole is more than the sum of its parts" in perception.
- Figure-ground principle explains how we distinguish an object from its background.
- Perceptual set shows how expectations influence our sensory interpretations.
Illusions and Extrasensory Perception
- Illusions represent a false perception of actual stimuli.
- Extrasensory perception refers to the ability to receive information beyond normal sensory processes.
Miscellaneous Facts
- Motion parallax is a perceptual phenomenon experienced when moving through space.
- True or false questions help reinforce key concepts; for example, concepts about thresholds, perceptions, or the sensory systems involve distinguishing facts from misconceptions.
- Waves in the visible spectrum represent the thin electromagnetic waves we can perceive visually.
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Description
Test your knowledge on sensation and perception concepts from AP Psychology Chapter 3. This quiz covers key terms and definitions, helping you solidify your understanding of how stimuli are detected and interpreted. Perfect for students preparing for exams or anyone interested in psychology.
