Questions and Answers
What does the G-Factor, according to Charles Spearman, represent?
What is Factor Analysis?
A testing procedure that identifies clusters of related items and their existence in a person.
Fluid Intelligence declines with age.
True
Crystallized Intelligence increases with age.
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Who created the first usable intelligence test?
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What did Lewis Terman do?
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What is Construct Validity?
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What does Predictive Validity refer to?
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What is Reliability in the context of testing?
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Study Notes
Charles Spearman and the G-Factor
- Proposed a general intelligence factor (g) that influences various mental abilities.
- Individuals may excel in specific areas while still benefiting from g.
- This intelligence encompasses quick understanding, sound decision-making, and engaging conversation skills.
Factor Analysis
- A statistical method used to identify clusters of related items or emotions within tests.
- Reveals underlying dimensions and relationships among psychological constructs.
- Essential in designing tests and understanding emotional dimensions.
Fluid Intelligence (Cattell and Horn)
- Refers to biological intelligence related to memory, processing speed, and problem-solving without prior knowledge.
- Often associated with creative thinking and abstract reasoning.
- Tends to decline with age, impacting cognitive flexibility.
Crystallized Intelligence (Cattell and Horn)
- Involves learned knowledge from education and experiences applied in concrete problem-solving.
- Integrates vocabulary, general knowledge, and practical skills.
- Generally increases with age, reflecting accumulated knowledge and experience.
Alfred Binet
- Developed the first effective intelligence test known as the Binet-Simon test.
- Aimed to identify school children who required additional academic support.
- His work laid the foundation for modern intelligence testing methodologies.
Lewis Terman
- Revamped the original Binet-Simon test into the Stanford-Binet IQ test.
- Focused on enhancing the assessment's reliability and applicability in the United States.
- Contributed to the widespread acceptance of intelligence testing in education and psychology.
Construct Validity
- Indicates how well a test measures its intended psychological construct.
- Critical in evaluating the effectiveness and relevance of psychological assessments.
- Ensures that tests truly reflect the theoretical concepts they aim to represent.
Predictive Validity
- Refers to a test's accuracy in predicting future outcomes as intended.
- For example, an intelligence test predicting success in business careers demonstrates predictive validity if users achieve that success.
- Important in assessing the practical utility of psychological tests.
Reliability
- Defined as the consistency of test scores upon repeated administration of the same test.
- Measured through methods such as test-retest reliability, ensuring dependable evaluations.
- High reliability is crucial for confirming the stability of psychological assessments over time.
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Description
Explore key concepts from AP Psychology Chapter 11 with these flashcards. This section delves into important theories, including Charles Spearman's G-Factor and the process of factor analysis. Perfect for enhancing your understanding of intelligence and mental abilities.
