AP Psychology Chapter 11 Flashcards

Study Notes

Charles Spearman and the G-Factor

Proposed a general intelligence factor (g) that influences various mental abilities.
Individuals may excel in specific areas while still benefiting from g.
This intelligence encompasses quick understanding, sound decision-making, and engaging conversation skills.

Factor Analysis

A statistical method used to identify clusters of related items or emotions within tests.
Reveals underlying dimensions and relationships among psychological constructs.
Essential in designing tests and understanding emotional dimensions.

Fluid Intelligence (Cattell and Horn)

Refers to biological intelligence related to memory, processing speed, and problem-solving without prior knowledge.
Often associated with creative thinking and abstract reasoning.
Tends to decline with age, impacting cognitive flexibility.

Crystallized Intelligence (Cattell and Horn)

Involves learned knowledge from education and experiences applied in concrete problem-solving.
Integrates vocabulary, general knowledge, and practical skills.
Generally increases with age, reflecting accumulated knowledge and experience.

Alfred Binet

Developed the first effective intelligence test known as the Binet-Simon test.
Aimed to identify school children who required additional academic support.
His work laid the foundation for modern intelligence testing methodologies.

Lewis Terman

Revamped the original Binet-Simon test into the Stanford-Binet IQ test.
Focused on enhancing the assessment's reliability and applicability in the United States.
Contributed to the widespread acceptance of intelligence testing in education and psychology.

Construct Validity

Indicates how well a test measures its intended psychological construct.
Critical in evaluating the effectiveness and relevance of psychological assessments.
Ensures that tests truly reflect the theoretical concepts they aim to represent.

Predictive Validity

Refers to a test's accuracy in predicting future outcomes as intended.
For example, an intelligence test predicting success in business careers demonstrates predictive validity if users achieve that success.
Important in assessing the practical utility of psychological tests.

Reliability

Defined as the consistency of test scores upon repeated administration of the same test.
Measured through methods such as test-retest reliability, ensuring dependable evaluations.
High reliability is crucial for confirming the stability of psychological assessments over time.

Description

Explore key concepts from AP Psychology Chapter 11 with these flashcards. This section delves into important theories, including Charles Spearman's G-Factor and the process of factor analysis. Perfect for enhancing your understanding of intelligence and mental abilities.